1、Small Quiz,（小游戏）,Lets do a small quiz to distinguish the national flags of different countries, and find out the languages spoken in these countries.,English Around the World,the USA,Canada,New Zealand,Australia,South Africa,the United Kingdom,Ireland,India,Australia,Canada,India,Ireland,New Zealand
2、,South Africa,The U.S.A.,Singapore,Great Britain,English around the World,unit 2,English language and its development. different kinds of English,Knowledge Goals,Topic,Words and Expressions,Words:,elevator official voyage native apartment actually base gradual identity fluent frequent command reques
3、t expression Spanish eastern recognize accent straight block,inways 在方面 such as 例如 believe it or not 信不信由你 come up with 提出 come up to a place 参观某地 ever before 从前 even if/ though 即使 at the end of 在末期be based on 在.基础上 close to 距离近 changeinto 把变成 in the early days 在早期 takewith随身携带 the sameas 与相同的 at pr
4、esent 目前,Expressions:,Difficulties in language communication,Direct and Indirect Speech Requests and Demands,Functional Items,Grammar,Enable to know more about the differences between various English. Develop the ability of learning English through different ways, such as reading newspapers, magazin
5、es and books, surfing the Internet, etc.,Have a positive attitude towards different culture. Understand more phrasal and idioms of different English.,Ability Goals,Emotion Goals,Try to get more information about different English. The usage of direct and indirect speech . Try to use the sentences th
6、at can express requests and demands .,Important and Difficult Points,Important Points,Try to understand the differences between native English and foreign cultures, as well as the backgrounds of different development of their cultures. Try to develop the ability of speaking English.,Difficult Points
7、,Whats the difference between A.E and B.E?,Do you know VOA?Do you know BBC?,(Voice of America),(British Broadcasting Corporation),A. E: American English B. E: British English,笑话一则,A: Do you like moving pictures? B: Well. Yeah. Why not? A: Ok, follow me . B: what? A: Lets go downstairs to move the pi
8、ctures. B: Oh, oh.,Moving pictures: movies:美国的旧时用法,Some different words in A. E. and BE.,1. With your partner, list the countries that use English as an official language. 2. Which country do you think has the most English learners? 3. Look at the title of the following passage and guess what it is
9、about. Then read it quickly and see if you are right.,1. Fast read the passage then try to answer : How does the modern English develop? Why there are so many kinds of English？,2. Listen to the tape,3. Do the exercise 1 on page 10, then give the reason that the sentence is wrong?,1. English had the
10、most speakers in the 17th century. 2. English developed when new settlers and rulers came to Britain 3. Languages frequently change. 4. The language of the government is always the language of the country.,(F),(T),(F),(F),Answer,1. Because after the 17th century, more people began to speak English a
11、s a result of English conquering other parts of the world.,3. Because languages dont change often but only when people come into close contact.,4. Because the government has to use the language of the country to rule it.,5. English is one of the official languages used in India. 6. This reading pass
12、age describes the development of English language.,(T),(T),The list of development of English,During the 5th century AD,Based on more German,Between about AD800and 1150,Like more Danish and French,By the 1600s,Shakespeare used a wider vocabulary than ever before,1620,British settlers moved to Americ
13、an in the “Mayflower”,From the 18th century,British colonized Australia,1765-1947,English spoken in India,By the 19th century,Dictionaries standardized the spelling of English,Read the text for the third timeWhile reading work with your partners and make a map of the English spoken countries youve l
14、earned in the passage, if necessary you may refer to the message on the internet. Then answer the question 3 on page 10.,Why do many people speak English?Inferred answer from the text:England was strong and made voyages to conquer other parts of the world.Britain ruled some countries and taught them
15、 English. What other factors affected the use of language?,international role economic development development of democracy the image in the world cultural development,From the above aspects try to answer the second question by yourself.,The development of English,When Julius Caesar, later to be Rom
16、an Emperor, invaded Britain in BC 54-5, the “Celtic” tribes lived in the British Isles. Their Celtic languages still survive as “Gaelic” in Scotland & Ireland, “Welsh”, in Wales, and “Manx” in the Isle of Man, as well as “Breton” in France. The Romans brought Latin to Britain, which was part of the
17、Roman Empire for over 400 years. But early English did not develop mainly from Latin.,In AD 878, the Vikings invaded Britain from Scandinavia, bringing with them the Norse language, though this was similar to the old English or Anglo-Saxon language already used. The dramatic arrival of the Norman ar
18、my from France, led by King William the Conqueror in 1066, and the defeat of the English King Harold at the Battle of Hastings, brought very big changes to English life. The Normans brought with them the Old French language, which,became the language of the Royal Court, and the ruling and business c
19、lass. So it is unlike French, Spanish and Italian, which did come directly from Latin. “Early English” was the language of tribes who invaded from the East, from what is now Germany. They spoke different dialects of a “Germanic” language, from which modern German developed. This explains why German
20、and English are often similar, as many of their words developed from the same original language.,Differences in vocabulary usage,B.E,A.E,James A.H. murray,Noah Webster,Noah Webster,Samuel Johnson,The Introduction of James A.H. Murray James Augustus Henry Murray (7 February 1837 26 July 1915) was a S
21、cottish lexicographer and philologist. He was the primary editor of the Oxford English Dictionary from 1879 until his death. As a young man Murray worked as a schoolmaster and a bank clerk, but always maintained a strong interest in other fields, particularly philology. In 1879 he was invited by Oxf
22、ord University Press to edit the new English dictionary which had been proposed by the Philological Society.,The Introduction of Noah Webster Noah Webster (16 October, 1758 28 May, 1843) was an American lexicographer, textbook author, spelling reformer, word enthusiast, and editor. He has been calle
23、d the “Father of American Scholarship and Education.” His “Blue-Backed Speller” books were used to teach spelling and reading to five generations of American children. In the United States, his name has become synonymous with dictionaries, especially the modern Merriam-Webster dictionary that was fi
24、rst published in 1828 as An American Dictionary of the English Language.,The Introduction of Samuel Johnson Samuel Johnson (18 September 1709 13 December 1784), often referred to as Dr. Johnson, was an English author who made lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, essayist, moralist,
25、 novelist, literary critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. Johnson was a devout Anglican and political conservative, and has been described as “arguably the most distinguished man of letters in English history“. He is also the subject of “the most famous single work of biographical art in the
26、 whole of literature“: James Boswells Life of Samuel Johnson.,The American Dictionary of the English Languages,explanations,Journey, voyage, trip, tour, travel的用法区别,1. journey指从一地到另一地，通常指陆地上的远距离“旅行”，有时也可以表示经常走的或长或短的“路程”。只作名词。例如：,E.g. How long is your journey to school?Only about 10 minutes.,2. voyag
27、e主要指远距离的水上旅行，也可以指空中旅行意思为“航海、航空、航行”等。只作名词。例如：,E.g. She usually gets seasick during the voyage. They made a voyage across the Pacific by air.,3. trip 一般指时间短、距离近的“旅行、远足”，也可以指长途旅行。在非正式用语中可代替journey。只作名词。例如：,E.g. We made a boat trip to the island last week and had a good time.,4. tour 着重指旅行线路比较曲折，常表示“（周游
28、各地的）参观、访问、（巡回）旅游、视察、购物、演出”等意思。可作动词和名词。例如：,E.g. I will tour the world in the future. My father has gone down-town on a shopping tour .,5. travel作“旅行、游历”解，一般表示从一地到另一地旅行这一总的概念。常指长时间、远距离的“旅行”。尤指出国旅行。可作动词和名词。其复数形式意思为“旅游笔记”、“游记”。例如：,E.g. At present, many people are fond of travel in their spare time. I am
29、 reading a book about the travel to North Pole. They came home after years of foreign travel. Light travels faster than sound.,1. Because of that, English began to be spoken in many countries. because & because of :因为，由于 (1)Because you are concerned about me, I find that life is full of hope. (2)Bec
30、ause of your concern, I find that life is full of hope. 因为你的关心，我发现生活充满了希望。,language points,(1)Because it rained heavily, the boy went back home through the woods. (2)Because of the heavy rain, the boy went back home through the woods. 因为雨下得很大，那个男孩穿过树林回家了。 2. Actually, it was based more on German tha
31、n present day English. (1) Actually: 事实上，实际上 adv (2) bebased on:以为基础 扩充： It is + adj+ of /for sb to do sth,当句式中形容词修饰to do sth 时用for; 若形容词修饰sb，则用of。 E.g. Its kind of you to help me carry the box. 3. there is more than one kind of English in the world.more than one+单数可数名词，作主语时，谓语用单数。 4. It is not easy
32、 for a Chinese person to speak English as well as a native English speaker.,对于一个中国人来说把英语说得跟以英语为母语的人一样好是不容易的。句型：It is + adj / n+ for sb to do sth 对于某人来说做某事是 It is difficult for him to walk so long in the rain.对他而言，在雨中走了这么久是很不容易的。,Words,1. officialn. 行政官员 The President and the Secretary of State are g
33、overnment officials.总统和国务卿是政府官员。 adj. 公务的, 公职的, 职权的 His official duties kept him busy.公务使他繁忙不堪。,官方的, 正式的, 官方认可的 They have got some official figures about the population.他们得到一些关于人口的官方数字。 2. nativeadj. 出生地的, 故乡的, 本国的 At the end of the year some people will go back to their native homes.年终时, 有些人要回故乡去。,
34、当地(人)的; 原产于某地的 The panda is native to West China.熊猫产于中国西部。天生的, 有天赋的 The ability to swim is native to fish.鱼生来就会游泳。 n. 当地人, 本地人 Are you a native, or just a visitor?你是本地人还是外来人?,3. frequent adj. 时常发生的, 常见的 Research is also advanced by frequent conference to exchange experience.经常开会交流经验也促进了研究工作的发展。 Traf
35、fic accidents are alarmingly frequent of late.近来交通事故频繁得吓人。vt 常到, 光顾, 常与交往 He frequents the local restaurants.他经常光顾当地的餐馆。,4. command n. 命令 The general issued a command that all of them should come at six oclock.将军颁布了一道命令, 所有的人都要在六点钟到。 指挥, 控制 The army is under the kings direct command.军队由国王直接统帅。,掌握; 运
36、用力, 控制力 He has a good command of French.他的法文很好。 部队, 兵团; 指挥部 Do you know wheres the United Nations Command?你知道联合国部队司令部在什么地方吗? vi. 指挥; 控制 You have no right to command.你没有权利指挥。,vt. 命令 He commanded that man go at once.他命令那个人马上走。 掌握,支配 The captain of a ship commands all the officers and men.舰长统率舰上的全体官兵。,
37、Morphology,Actual Gradual Fluent Frequent official,Actually Gradually Fluently Frequently officially,形容词,副 词,develop move improve Arrangemanage,development Movement improvement Arrangement Management,动词,名词,Expressions,1. come up上来; 走近 While we were talking, a man came up.我们正在谈话时, 一个人走了过来。发生I expect
38、something to come up soon.我预料很快就要出事的。升起; 长出来; 响起, 刮起,The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up.月亮出来时, 天空是深蓝色的, 非常晴朗。 开庭 An important witness was absent when the case came up.开庭时, 有个重要的证人没有出席。 显露光泽, 开始发光 The silver has come up beautifully.那银器显露出美丽的光泽。,提到, 提及 The project came up in their c
39、onversation.他们在谈话中提到了这项工程。 2. play a part in在中起作用 Women play a very important part in socialist construction. 妇女在社会主义建设中起着很重要的作 用。 In a play singing and acting play an important part. 在戏剧中唱和表演起很重要的作用。,3. make use of 使用，利用We should make use of the chance. 我们应该利用机会。 Waste material must is make full us
40、e of. 废弃材料必须充分利用。 4. at present目前, 现在That firm is looking for a new accountant. At present the salary they will offer has been left open.,那家公司正在物色一位新的会计, 工资多少尚未确定。He is all right at present.现在他没事了。 5. because of 因为, 由于 It was because of the job that he had taken the flat.他因为工作的原因租了那套公寓。She is here b
41、ecause of me.她是因为我而到这里来的。,1. in/on 2. at/on 3. past/after 4. in/on 5. From/than 6. in/on,B. E : in A. E: on,B. E: at A. E: on,B. E: past A. E: after,B. E: in A. E: on,B. E: from A. E: than,B. E: in A. E: on,Do the exercise 4 on page 11 try to make a difference between the B.E and A.E.,Some English p
42、roverbs,All good things come to an end. 天下没有不散的筵席。 All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。 All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 All that ends well is well. 结果好，就一切都好。 All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的不一定都是金子。,Structures,一、 表达命令的句型,1. Dont +动词原+宾语+其他：不要做某事 2.主语+had better +宾语+其他：最好不要做某事 3. Dont let +宾语+动词原形+其他：不
43、要让某人（某物)做某事 4. Never +动词原形+其他：不要再做某事 5. Dont be +表语：不要 6. ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事,二、请求的句型,1. would you please.? could you please.?你能吗？/你可以吗？ 2. Would you mind +动词原形：如果不介意的话 3. How about +动名词+其他：怎么样可以么？ 4. Please +动词原形：请 5. Would you like +动词原形：可以么?,请求与命令的转述方式,一、注意所使用的动词 英语常用的表示命令、请求和建议的动词有advise,
44、ask, invite, order, remind, request, tell, warn等。,advise vt. 劝告;建议 My mother advised me to wear my best clothes. 我妈妈建议我穿上最好的衣服。 2. ask vt. 请求;邀请 I asked them to come to my house for dinner. 我请他们来我家吃饭。,3. invite vt. 邀请 Lisa invited us to come to her party. Lisa邀请我们参加她的聚会。 4. order vt. 命令;指挥 They orde
45、red him not to stop. 他们命令他不要停下。 5. remind vt. 使想起;提醒 Remind me to write to Mother. 请提醒我给妈妈写信。 6. request vt. 要求;请求 We request the visitors not to pick the flowers. 我们要求参观者不要摘花。,7. tell v.t.告诉;告诫;命令;警告 I told you not to do it. 我叫你不要做这个。 8. warn v.t. 警告;告诫(常与of连用) 指对于确实 的危险所作的警告,具有命令的意思。 She was warne
46、d not to come in the room. 她被警告不得进入那间屋子,由此可见,上述动词作谓语时有一个共同的特点,即都可以使用如下句型: advise / ask / invite / order / remind / request / tell / warn sb. to do sth. 建议/要求/邀请某人做某事。如果是否定句,则在to前加not。在这个句型中,不定式作宾语补足语。,三、注意由直接引语变为间接引语句子的方法。 要注意直接说的话(称为直接引语)与转述的话(称为间接引语)在表达上是不一样的。由于表示的是命令、请求和建议,所以直接说的话多用祈使句式。 1. 肯定句的变
47、法 Please read English in the morning, Jim, said Miss Liu. Miss Liu asked Jim to read English in the morning. 2. 否定句的变法 Dont talk in class, Mr. Green warned me. Mr Green warned me not to talk in class.,The expressions that can express commands: Correct your spelling mistakes Go and! Do that now! Say
48、that again! Hold that again! Take the dog for a walk!,The expressions that can express requests: How do you spell that please? Would you do that more slowly? Please would you please? Could you repeat that sentence? Would you please speak more slowly? Can I sit here and wait for the doctor?,1. The ch
49、ildren said to their teacher: “would you please sing a song for us?” 2. The mother said to her child: “turn off the radio.” 3. The dentist said to a patient: “open your mouth please, so I can see the bad tooth clearly.” 4. The secretary said to the woman on the phone: “ could you hold on for a minute?” 5. John said to his classmate: “ can I borrow you pen please?” 6. The teacher said to his student: “come up to my office!”,
