1、Unit 1 Art,Learning about language,Discovering useful words and expressions1 Find the word or expression for each of the following meanings from the text.,1. _ excellent; splendid 2. _ purpose; intention 3. _ silly or unreasonable 4. _ trust; strong belief 5. _ easily noticed or understood 6. _ trad
2、itional,superb,aim,ridiculous,faith,evident,conventional,7. _ room or building for showing works of art 8. _ based on general ideas rather than specific examples 9. _ method of doing or performing something, especially in the arts or sciences 10. _ the art of making figures, objects, etc out of ston
3、e, wood, clay, etc,gallery,abstract,technique,sculpture,2 Complete the passage below using the words in the box in the correct form. predict, adopt, attempt, possess, by coincidence, a great deal, on the other hand, ARE THOSE SUNFLOWERS A REAL PAINTING BY VAN GOGH?,The most popular art style in West
4、ern countries is Impressionism. Many people would love to _ an Impressionist painting and spend _ of money to own one. _ there are a lot of painters who can _ the art style of any famous Impressionist artist and,possess,a great deal,by coincidence,adopt,produce unknown “masterpieces”. One such paint
5、er, Otto Wacker, _ to make a lot of money quickly and painted lots of “masterpieces” in the style of Van Gogh. Many were considered to be Von Goghs own work by important art critics. On the one hand some of them were discovered. _ some famous art critics wonder,attempted,On the other hand,if there a
6、re many other “masterpieces” hanging on gallery walls. As a man looking after Van Goghs paintings said: “I would not be surprised if the number (of “masterpieces”) grows to more than 200.” So who can _ where and when the next “masterpiece” will be discovered?,predict,Subjunctive mood,Grammar,一、语气的分类
7、,英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气: 陈述语气, 祈使语气和虚拟语气。 不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。,陈述语气 I went to the theatre yesterday. Jack hadnt come back home yet. 祈使语气 Lets go. Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.,关于陈述语气 1,What will you do if it rains tomorrow?,I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.,关于陈述语气 2,关于祈使语气 1,
8、关于祈使语气 2,关于祈使语气 3,关于祈使语气 4,虚拟语气 If I were you, I would not leave her alone. Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.,V. + ed (were),had done,would/could/should/might +V (原),would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,1. V. + ed. 2. should+ V.(原) 3. were to do,would/could/should/might +
9、V.(原),一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法,如果现在不下雨的话, 我们就出去野餐了。 If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic. 如果他来这, 他就能够帮助你了。 If he came here, he might be able to help you.,要是当初她被邀请的话, 她就会去参加 这次聚会了。 She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 今天早上, 她要是不叫我的话, 我就会 睡过头了。 If she hadnt called me, I woul
10、d have overslept this morning.,明年我要是二十岁, 我就会学法语。 If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.要是失败了, 我会再试一次。 If it should fail, I would try again.,1. 如果你早来5分钟,你就赶上这趟车了。,If you _ here five minutes earlier, you _ the bus.,2. 如果我现在不忙,我就来帮你了。,If I _ not busy, I _ you now
11、.,3. 如果明天下雪了,我们怎么办？,What _ we do if it _ tomorrow?,had got,were,would help,should,were to snow,would have caught,If I _ busy last night, I _ to see the film with you.,had not been,would have gone,If he _ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.,would not have had,had driven,If I _(know) your
12、 telephone number,I _ (telephone) you yesterday.,had known,would have telephoned,二、虚拟语气特殊句型:,1. wish 的宾语从句,现在: 过去时(were) 过去: 过去完成时(had done) 未来: would/could/might +V.(原) should,I wish everyday were my birthday.,I wish I hadnt eaten so much food.,I wish I would grow tall.,我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。 I wish I were
13、ten years younger now.我昨天要是遇见他就好了。 I wish I had met him yesterday.我希望成为一名科学家。 I wish I would be a scientist.,I wish I were as tall as YaoMing.,I wish I were a bird.,I wish every day were my birthday.,I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.,表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had过去分词”。,The party was terrible,
14、I wish I had never gone to it.,I wish it would rain tomorrow.,2. would rather that,现在: 过去: 未来:, I would rather you paid me now. I would rather I hadnt come yesterday. I would rather you came tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,3. as if /though + 从句,现在： 过去：,过去时,过去完成时, She loves the baby as if it were her own son
15、. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday., 他们就像多年的朋友一样交谈。 They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他看上去像是醉了。 He looks as if he were drunk. 她看起来似乎是冰做的。 she looked as if she were made of ice.,我们该去睡觉了。,4. Its (about/high) time +that,过去时(were) should(不省) +V.,你该走了。,Its high
16、time that you went. Its high time that you were going. Its high time that you should go.,Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed.,5. 表示要求, 命令, 建议的虚拟语气。使用should + 动词原形, 或者将should省略。,常见动词: 一个坚持, 两个命令, 三个建议, 四个要求。即 1) insist 2) order, command 3) advise, suggest, propose 4) demand
17、, require, request, ask,I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should) be sent there.,注意: 如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”, 即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时, 宾语从句用陈述语气。,1) The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules. 2) He insisted that she _ (be)seriou
18、sly ill and that _ (send) to hospital at once.,obey,was,be sent,3) He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once. 4) His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.,have,was,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句, 表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气, 从句中的动词形式为(should) + 动词原形 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request,6. Its
19、necessary/strange/natural/ important /pity/no wonder/impossible + that 从句, 从句中的动词要用虚拟, 即(should)+ 动词原形,我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。 It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.,很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. 我们有必要努力学习。 Its necessary that we should study hard.,7.
20、虚拟语气用于If only 引导的感叹句 中,“要是就好了” If only I were a flying bird! = How I wish I were a flying bird!要是我看过那部电影就好了！ If only I had seen the film! =How I wish I had seen the film!,8. 在含有If it were not for或If it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气中。,If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.,要不是你的帮助, 我们就不可能提前完成任
21、务。 If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. = But for your help = Without your help = Had it not been for your help,9. 混合型的条件句当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一 致时, 虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应, 这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时(指过去行为), 而主句用一般时(指目前状态)。,如果他听了我的劝告, 他现在会通过考试。 He
22、 would pass the test if he had taken my advice. 假如昨天我对他说了, 现在我就知道该怎么办了。If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如我是你, 我当时就不会打破那杯子。 If I were you , I would not have broken the glass.,10. 连词if的省略如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were, had和should时, 可省略if, 把were, had和should放到从句主语前面去, 多见于书面语。 要是没有你的帮助
23、, 我就失败了。Had you not helped me, I should have failed., 假如你处在我的地位, 你也会这样干的。Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如他们进攻我们, 我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。 Should they attack us, well wipe them out completely.,1. _ he come, the problem would be settled.A. would B. should C. shall D. if 2. _, man could not live
24、 at all . A. were it not for the sun . B. if it was for the sun . C. had it not been for the sun. D. if it shouldnt be for the sun.,Exercises,B,A,3. _. Everything would have been all right. A. had he been here B. here he had been C. been here he had D. had he been here 4. _ fired, your health care a
25、nd other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A. would you be B. should you be C. could you be D. might you be,B,B,错综时间条件句。即假设条件从句谓语动词 发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致。 主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自的时间而定。,* 近几年各类考试中常见的试题类型：,If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in some
26、 parts of this country _ so serious. A. wouldnt be B. will not have been C. wouldnt have been D. would have not been,A,如果你采纳了我的建议, 你现在就会好得多。If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.如果你之前努力学习了, 你现在就是一名大学 生, 四年后就会大学毕业了。 If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now,
27、and you would graduate from a college in four years time., 假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should, were, had三个助动词, 可以把 if 省略, 并将这 三个词提至句首。,_ she a man, she might be elected president. A. If were B. Were C. Be D. Is,B,If I had time, I would come. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Had I time, I wou
28、ld come. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing., 含蓄虚拟条件句。句中有without, or, otherwise , but for等词隐含某种假设。,I lost your address, otherwise I _ you long before. A. had visited B. have visited C. would have visited D. should visit,C,没有你的帮助, 我们就不会实验成功。 Without your help, we couldnt have succeeded
29、 in the experiment.要不是这场雨, 我们就完成工作了。 But for the rain, we would have finished the work.,常见的几种固定句式。 如If only, insist, suggest及Its time/ necessary/important that从句等等。,If only I _ to my parents advice! A. listening B. listen C. am listening D. had listened His silence at the meeting suggested that he _
30、 to your plan. A. shouldnt agree B. wouldnt agree C. hadnt agreed D. didnt agree,D,D,The old professor gave orders that the experiment _ before 6. A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished Its high time he _ home. A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going to go Even if he _(be)
31、 here, he couldnt solve the problem. A. was B. were C. be D. is,C,B,B,The volleyball match will be put off if it _. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained,解析: 真实条件句主句为将来时, 从句用一般现在时。,B,Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _ yesterday. A. was happening B. happens C. has happenedD. happene
32、d,D,2. - Dont you think it necessarythat he _ to Miami but to NewYork?- I agree, but the problem is _ hehas refused to. A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what,B,3. If I _ plan to do anything I wanted to, Id like to go to Tibet and travel th
33、rough as much of it as possible. A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to,B,4. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; didnt getD. had driven; wouldnt have got,D,5. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come,D,
