1、,Your College Years,Bob Hartman,Your College Years,Unit 1,Questions/Activities,Check-on Preview,Objectives,Unit 1,Warming up,Your College Years,Warming up,Questions/Activities,What is the article mainly about? How much do you know about developmental changes? What does the author say that strikes yo
2、u most? What is an identity crisis? Can you define “identity”? Are there any other key concepts mentioned in the text that you know about or want to know?,Warming up,Questions/Activities,developmental changes: a psychological term which refers to the physiological and behavioral changes throughout t
3、he lifespan identity: the qualities that make sb or sth what they are who you are; what strengths and weaknesses you have; how you perceive yourself as well as how other people perceive you ( self image and the image you present to others) Erickson: The identity is “a subjective sense as well as an
4、observable quality of personal sameness and continuity, paired with some belief in the sameness and continuity of some shared world image.” Identity is highly relational.,Warming up,Questions/Activities,identity crisis: the difficulties, confusions and anxieties that one goes through when he/she is
5、not sure who he/she is and what his/her purpose in life is,Check-on Preview,Give three translations of “意识到”. Offer at least three examples of quotation that you can find in the text. Define the following words: heightened (para. 3); observe (para. 4).,Warming up,Objectives,Understand the key psycho
6、logical concepts. Understand the structure of the essay. Appreciate the formality of the writing style. Learn about some useful writing techniquesquotation, parallelism.,Warming up,Background,Erik Erickson,Sigmund Freud,Unit 1,Your College Years,Sigmund Freud, Sigmund Freud: (1856-1939)Father of psy
7、choanalysis, author of The Interpretation of Dreams, famous for his conception of the unconscious, libido, death instinct, the Oedipus/Electra complex, and structural model of human psyche.The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (Ed. J. Strachey with Anna Freud, 24
8、vols. London: 1953-1964).,Background, Erik Erickson: (1902-1994) Freudian ego-psychologist, “father of psychosocial development” and “the architect of identity.” According to Erickson, the identity crisis is the most important conflict human beings encounter when they go through eight developmental
9、stages in life.,Erik Erickson,Background,Background,Erik Erickson,Eight Developmental Stages,Background,Erik Erickson,Eight Developmental Stages,Unit 1,Text Analysis,Your College Years,What does the author mean by developmental changes? Why is it important for college students to be aware of them? D
10、o you agree with the author that young adults are bound to go through an identity crisis? Is it necessarily a “dangerous” or “negative” incident in our life? Why does the author emphasize the change in the way of dealing with knowledge as an important aspect of our growth?,Text Analysis,Theme,Style,
11、Genre:expository essay, e.g. formal, serious, academic, educational 2. Diction:big, complicated, formal words, technical jargon, e.g.personnel, occur, adolescence, adulthood Syntax:long, involved sentences, e.g. paras. 4, 6 (During the course),Text Analysis,Style,4. Techniques: quotation, e.g.in(sou
12、rce); according to; sb remarks/observes/comments/points out/definesparallelism, e.g. words (para. 2): strengths and weaknesses phrases (para. 2): determined by genetic endowment;shaped by environment; influenced by chance events sentences (para. 1): 3 consecutive questionsother techniques? Para. 3 i
13、s developed by _. Para. 4 is developed by _ & _.,How do we make a quotation?,Text Analysis,comparison,categorization,quotation,Text Analysis,Structure,Para. 1 Introduction: Key developmental changes occur during college years.,Paras. 2-9 Detailed discussion: Detailed discussion of these changes,Para
14、. 2: Identity crisis,Paras. 3-4: Dependence/ independence struggle,Para 5: Establishing sexual identity,Para 6: Relating to people around,Para 7: Internalizing faith, values,Para 8: New ways of learning,Para 9: Relating to people of other cultures,Para.10 Conclusion: College is a time of personal gr
15、owth and expansion.,What goals do you have for your growth and maturity during your college years?,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part I: Discussion,Detailed Analysis,Explain the sentence “How people see themselves in both roles is unquestionably a part of their identity.” What does “both roles” re
16、fer to? 2. Give examples to show how identity is determined. 3. Did you experience independence/dependence struggle in your later adolescence stage? 4. Why does the author say it may be heightened by the students choice to pursue a college education? 5. What are the four distinct aspects of late ado
17、lescents psychological separation from their parents?,Text Analysis,Part II: Discussion,6. Why should college students stand back to see where they are in the independence/dependence struggle？ 7. What is meant by “establishing their sexual identity”? Why is it stressful? 8. How is para. 4 developed?
18、 9. How does college students change the way they relate to others as they grow and reach young adulthood? 10. Give examples to show how the way you relate to others have changed since you became a college student?,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part II: Discussion,11. What is meant by “internalizi
19、ng religious faith”? Do you think you have in some way internalized values and beliefs? What new insights have you gained in this respect? 13. Did you ever question the values instilled by your parents in your adolescence?,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part II: Discussion,What new ways should coll
20、ege students develop in learning knowledge? Learning process: gather, process and apply New perspectives of knowledge: Whats the purpose of materials? Learn to be critical. Establish your own attitudes.,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part II: Discussion,Why does the author think it is important to
21、become a world citizen? Do you have a similar experience, that your interaction with people of other cultures introduce you to new ways of interpreting life, new understanding of the world and of yourself?,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part II: Discussion,1. In fact, it may be heightened by their
22、choice to pursue a college education. (para. 3)Actually, if the students choose to go to college to continuetheir education, they will face an even more serious struggle between the desire to be independent and the need to depend on the financial support of their parents.,Text Analysis,Detailed Anal
23、ysis,Part II: Paraphrase,2. College students need to stand back and see where they are in the independence/dependence struggle. (para. 4)(In the face of the arrays of challenges,) it is necessary for college students to avoid getting too emotionally involved in the struggle and try to get a clear id
24、ea of their situation.,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part II: Paraphrase,3. Probably nothing can make students feel lower or higher emotionally than the way they are relating to whomever they are having a romantic relationship with. (para. 5)Perhaps nothing can make a student experience such a big
25、 emotional change except his/her relationships with his/her lover.,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part II: Paraphrase,go through to experience To get this job done, he went through all sorts of hardships. to finishYou have to go through necessary customs formalities before you can enter another cou
26、ntry. to passThey just went through the forest in total silence.,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part II: Words & Expressions (1),perceive (fml) to know, realize, noticeI perceived that I could not make him change his mind. perceiveas He needs to perceive change as opportunity,uncertainty as challen
27、ge and corruption as disease. n. perceptionadj. perceptive/perceptual,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part II: Words & Expressions (2),pursue to chase or follow, in order to catch or attack Holmes ran across the field with one officer pursuing him. to continue doing or trying to achieve sth: to purs
28、ue interests/ profits/business/happiness/a goal/further education/a majorShe plans to pursue a career in politics.,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part II: Words & Expressions (3),excessive much more than is reasonable or necessaryHis excessive drinking bothers me. Synonym: excess (only as attributi
29、ve)seein alightWhat he did made us see him in a new light.,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part II: Words & Expressions (4),apply sth applies to (适合，适用); sth is applied to (运用，应用)develop develop an idea(详细阐述); develop a new medicine (研制) develop the natural resources; develop the west region (开发) de
30、velop an interest; develop a habit; develop understanding of each other (产生，形成) develop ones business (发展) develop lung cancer (患病) develop into crisis (产生，出现) develop a film (冲洗),Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part II: Words & Expressions (5),Fill in the blanks. She has been modeling _ her younger
31、 sister throughout the years. The countrys parliament is modeled _the British system. Many of our products are _ the best in the world. By submitting to male values, they symbolically _ male superiority. You need to get good _/ high _ to go to college. “Michael seems to have something on his mind,”
32、she_.,for,on/after,equal to,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,affirmed,grades,marks,observed,Part II: Exercise (1),Translation 新技术正被应用到几乎所有的工业流程。（apply）New technology is being applied to almost every industrial process. 不是所有的自然规律都适用于人类社会。（apply）Not all natural laws can apply to human society. 特殊情况只涉及1
33、8岁以下者。（apply）Special conditions apply only if you are under 18.,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part II: Exercise (2),Translation 1. College is designed to be a time of personal growth and expansion. 大学本来就是一段个人成长、拓展的时期。 2. Has it ever dawned on you that certain developmental changes will occur in yo
34、ur life as you move from adolescence to young adulthood?你是否曾经想过，在你由青春期迈向成年的过程中，你的个人发展会发生某些变化？,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part II: Exercise (3),Translation 3. Functional independence involves the capability of individuals to take care of practical and personal affairs, such as handling finances,
35、 choosing their own wardrobes, and determining their daily agenda.独立生活的能力包括处理日常实际和个人事务的能力，比如说，理财、添置衣物和计划日程安排。 4. She then went on to explain how in college she came to realize that literature is one of the best ways to understand a culture.她接着解释在大学里她是如何慢慢意识到，文学是理解一种文化的最好方式之一。,Text Analysis,Detailed
36、Analysis,Part II: Exercise (4),Recap of Part II: Content,Developmental changes in college years,New ways of learning,New ways of dealing with people,self,parents,people of other cultures,other adults,the other sex,assembling, processing& applying,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,What is the authors c
37、onclusion?,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part III: Discussion,Fill in the blanks. Over the years, they have _ an ample amount of data. I cannot say _ how much the car will cost. It must be in the neighborhood of two hundred thousand.,assembled,for certain,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part III:
38、Exercise (1),Translation 1. 这些措施大大促进了那个国家经济的复苏。（contribute）These measures contributed greatly to the economic recovery of that country. 2. 你认为促使这个公司成功的主要因素是什么？ （contribute）What do you think are the main factors that contributed to the success of that company?,Text Analysis,Detailed Analysis,Part III
39、: Exercise (2),Unit 1,Reinforcement,Discussion,Your College Years,Language,Writing Features,What does the author say about developmental changes that you find particularly relevant to your life? Have you gained freedom now that you are a college student? If the answer is yes, how are you enjoying yo
40、ur newly acquired freedom? What kind of beliefs, values and morals have you “internalized” since you came to the university? Do you think the college life has helped you deal with your developmental changes?,Reinforcement,Discussion,Techniques in Paragraph Development,1. Development: quotation: in(s
41、ource); according to categorization: first, second, ; oneanother; in addition to illustration/example 2. Smooth transition Try to find some examples in the text.,Reinforcement,Writing Features,How is the text structured?,1. Overall structure: introduction development (categorization) conclusion 2. W
42、ithin paragraph: topic sentence example/category summary e.g. paras. 4, 6, 7, 8, 93. Topic sentence: e.g. paras. 3, 5, 10,Reinforcement,Writing Features,How do we appreciate the structure?,Clarity Logic Coherence (smooth transition of both paragraphs and sentences),Reinforcement,Writing Features,Use
43、ful Expressions is very much a part of feel free to stand back handle finance choose a wardrobe determine ones daily agenda come to realize be rebelled against,be looked after be taken care of be attended to be put an end to be done away with be focused on be agreed on be put up with,Text Analysis,Language,
