1、Lecture 23-24,The Postwar American Novel,The Postwar American Novel Social Background (428),Everything seemed to be subjected to a prevailing skepticism. New advances in science and technology have given people an increasing sense of power, but have also further deprived life of its mysteries.,Varie
2、ty of postwar fiction (429),Surrealism Nonfiction Science fiction Black or absurd humor Parody and pop Experimental novelistic techniques,Saul Bellow (1915-2005),a Canadian-born American writer Awarded the Pulitzer Prize, the Nobel Prize for Literature, and the National Medal of Arts. the only write
3、r to have won the National Book Award three times, and the only writer to have been nominated for it six times.,Saul Bellow (1915-2005),长篇小说：Dangling Man晃来晃去/挂起来的人;The Victim受害者;The Adventure of Augie March奥基马奇历险记;Henderson the Rain King雨王汉德逊;Herzog赫索格;Mr Sammlers Planet塞姆勒先生的行星;Humboldts Gift洪堡的礼物
4、中篇小说：Seize the Day且乐今朝,Basic themes: p.430,1.contemporary society is a threat to human life and human integrity 2.modern people tend to become paranoid(妄想狂）, high-strung（高度紧张）, impotent（无力）, and lose their sanity（心智健全）. 3Quest for truth and values, difficult and excruciating, but successful in a way
5、.,Norman Mailer (1923-),The Naked and the Dead裸者与死者 p.438 Barbary Shore巴巴里海滨; The Deer Park廘苑; An American Dream一场美国梦; The White Negro白色黑人; Advertisement for Myself为自己做广告; Why Are We in Vietnam?我们为什么要去越南; The Executioners Song刽子手之歌; The Armies of the Night夜色幕下的大军,J.D.Salinger (1919-)塞林格,短篇小说：The You
6、ng Folks年轻人 短篇小说集：Nine Stories故事九篇 中篇小说：Franny and Zooey;Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters木匠们，把屋梁升高;Seymour: An Introduction西摩其人长篇小说：The Cather in the Rye麦田守望者,John Updike (1932-),American novelist, short story writer and poet, internationally known for his novels RABBIT, RUN (1960), RABBIT REDUX
7、 (1971), RABBIT IS RICH (1981), and RABBIT AT REST (1990). Updikes childhood was shadowed by psoriasis（牛皮癣） and stammering, but his mother encouraged him to write. In his childhood Updike lived in an isolated farm. Escaping to the world of mystery novels, he consumed books.,约翰厄普代克,长篇小说： “Rabbit ” pe
8、ntalogy Rabbit, Run 兔子，跑吧; Rabbit Redux 兔子回家; Rabbit Is Rich 兔字发财; Rabbit at Rest 兔子安息 Licks of Love 爱的插曲,Lecture 25-26,African American Literature,Features,A special history Emancipation after the Civil War The Black is presented in a distorted manner (p.520) “Gone with the Wind” Take the biblical
9、terms as a better medium A long process of evolution,Frederick Douglass弗莱德里克道格拉斯1817-1895,Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave弗莱德里克道格拉斯，一个美国黑人的自述 My Bondage and My Freedom我的枷锁与我的自由 The life and Time of Frederick Douglass弗莱德里克道格拉斯的生平与时代,Harlem Renaissance,a period of remarkab
10、le creativity in literature, music, dance, painting, and sculpture by African-Americans, from the end of the First World War in 1917 through the 1920s. As a result of the mass migrations to the urban North in order to escape the legal segregation (种族隔离) of the American South, and also in order to ta
11、ke advantage of the jobs opened to African Americans at the beginning of the War, the population of the region of Manhattan known as Harlem became almost exclusively Black, and the vital center of African American culture in America.,Langston Hughes1902-1969 兰斯顿 休斯,African Americans poet laureate Mu
12、latto混血儿（剧本）; The Weary Blues疲倦的歌声; Dear Lovely Death亲爱的死神; Shakespear in Harlem哈莱姆的莎士比亚; I Wonder as I Wander我漂泊我思考 The Negro Speaks of Rivers黑人说河流,Richard Wright1908-1960 理查德赖特,Uncle Toms Children汤姆叔叔的孩子们; Native Son土生子; Black Boy;黑孩子 The Outsiders局外人; The Long Dream漫长的梦; Eight Men八人行,Ralph Elliso
13、n拉尔夫埃利森1914-,长篇小说：Invisible Man看不见的人 散文集：Shadow and Act影子与行动;Going to the Territory步入文学界,James Baldwin1924-1987 詹姆斯鲍德温,Note of a Native Son土生子的笔记; Nobody Knows My Name; Fire Next Time下一次烈火; No Name in the Street迷路前后 The Devil Finds Work魔鬼找到工作,Tony Morrison托尼莫里森1931-,The Bluest Eye最蓝的眼睛; Sula秀拉;(543)
14、 Song of Solomon所罗门之歌; Tar Baby柏油娃娃; Beloved爱娃(宠儿） Jazz爵士乐,Alice Walker沃克1944-,长篇小说：The Third Life of Grange Copeland格兰治科普兰的第三次生活;Meridian梅丽迪安;The Color Purple紫色 (p.546, 547) 短篇小说集：In Love and Trouble相爱与苦恼;You Cant Keep a Good Woman Down好女人永不屈服 散文集：In Search of Our Mothers Gardens 诗集：Once有一次;Revolut
15、ionary Petunias革命的牵牛花 传记：Langston Hughes,Saul Bellow (1915-2005),Saul Bellow (1915-2005)索尔贝娄,a Canadian-born American writer. the Pulitzer Prize, the Nobel Prize for Literature, and the National Medal of Arts. the only writer to have won the National Book Award three times, and the only writer to ha
16、ve been nominated for it six times.,Saul Bellow Winner of the 1976 Nobel Prize in Literature,Saul Bellows life,Saul Bellow was born in Lachine, Quebec, a suburb of Montreal, in 1915, and was raised in Chicago. He attended the University of Chicago, received his Bachelors degree from Northwestern Uni
17、versity in 1937, with honors in sociology and anthropology, did graduate work at the University of Wisconsin, and served in the Merchant Marine during World War II.,the Swedish Nobel Committee,his writing exhibited “exuberant ideas, flashing irony, hilarious comedy and burning compassion. the mixtur
18、e of rich picaresque novel and subtle analysis of our culture, of entertaining adventure, drastic and tragic episodes in quick succession interspersed with philosophic conversation, all developed by a commentator with a witty tongue and penetrating insight into the outer and inner complications that
19、 drive us to act, or prevent us from acting, and that can be called the dilemma of our age.“,His best-known works include The Adventures of Augie March, Herzog, Mr. Sammlers Planet, Seize the Day, Humboldts Gift and Ravelstein. Widely regarded as one of the twentieth centurys greatest authors, Bello
20、w has had a “huge literary influence.“,Bellows major works,长篇小说：Dangling Man晃来晃去/挂起来的人; The Victim受害者; The Adventure of Augie March奥基马奇历险记; Henderson the Rain King雨王汉德逊; Herzog赫索格; Mr Sammlers Planet塞姆勒先生的行星; Humboldts Gift洪堡的礼物 中篇小说：Seize the Day且乐今朝,Bellows themes: p.430,1.contemporary society is
21、a threat to human life and human integrity 2.modern people tend to become paranoid(妄想狂）, high-strung（高度紧张）, impotent（无力）, and lose their sanity（心智健全）. 3.Quest for truth and values, difficult and excruciating, but successful in a way.,Bellows Heroes,Jewish intellectuals or writers, who facing violenc
22、e and victimization, try to discover “the queerness of existence” and overcome it,Techniques,Realistic Modernism Postmodern elementsbridging the tradition of Realism and Modernism with Postmodernism,J.D. Salinger 1919-2010,J.D.Salinger (1919-2010)塞林格,短篇小说:The Young Folks年轻人 短篇小说集:Nine Stories故事九篇 中篇
23、小说：Franny and Zooey; Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters木匠们，把屋梁升高; Seymour: An Introduction西摩其人长篇小说：The Cather in the Rye麦田守望者,Background on Salinger,Jerome David Salinger, born New York City, Jan. 1, 1919, established his reputation on the basis of a single novel, The Catcher in the Rye (1951) The
24、 principal character, Holden Caulfield, epitomized the growing pains of a generation of high school and college students. The public attention that followed the success of the book led Salinger to move from New York to the remote hills of Cornish, N.H.,Background on Salinger,Before The Catcher in th
25、e Rye he had published only a few short stories; one of them, “A Perfect Day for Bananafish.“ Appeared in The New Yorker. Introduced readers to Seymour Glass, a character who subsequently figured in Franny and Zooey (1961) and Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenter and Seymour: An Introduction (1963),
26、Salingers only other published books. Of his 35 published short stories, those which Salinger wishes to preserve are collected in Nine Stories (1953).,Salingers Life,Salinger was the son of a Jewish father and a Christian mother, and, like Holden Caulfield, the hero of The Catcher in the Rye, he gre
27、w up in New York City, attending public schools and a military academy. After brief periods at New York and Columbia universities he devoted himself entirely to writing, and his stories began to appear in periodicals in 1940.,Salingers Life,After his return from service in the U.S. Army (1942-46), S
28、alingers name and writing style became increasingly associated with “The New Yorker“ magazine,Salinger,The reclusive habits of Salinger in his later years made his personal life a matter of speculation among devotees, while his small literary output was a subject of controversy among critics,The Cat
29、cher in the Rye,Setting & Characters,Early 50s Begins at New England Prep School, transitions to NYC Holden (narrator/protagonist) Allie (younger brother who died of leukemia 3 years earlier) Phoebe (younger sister) Ackley (lives next door in his dorm) Stradlater (roommate),Themes,A major theme is w
30、hat Holden calls “phoniness.“ Another theme is Holdens conflicted, obviously strong desire to be an adult and live in the adult world, though he is not yet ready and doesnt succeed, to his immense frustration. Another theme in the book is whether or not Holdens education is important.,Style,Sarcasm
31、Though the tone of the novel is gloomy, Holdens sarcastic comments add humor. Stream of consciousness This style, used throughout the novel, refers to the use of seemingly disjointed ideas and episodes used in a pseudorandom and highly structured way that is used to illustrate a theme.,Quotes from C
32、atcher,“Life is a game, boy. Life is a game that one plays according to the rules.” “Yes, sir. I know it is. I know it.” Game, my ass. Some game. If you get on the side where all the hot-shots are, then its a game, all rightIll admit that. But if you get on the other side, where there arent any hot-
33、shots, then whats a game about it? Nothing. No game,Quotes from Catcher,. . . . Im standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliffI mean if theyre running and they dont look where theyre going I have to come out from somewhere
34、 and catch them. Thats all Id do all day. Id just be the catcher in the rye and all.,http:/ Salinger Web sites & Info.,Toni Morrison 托尼 莫里森 1931-,Toni Morrison (1931-),a Nobel Prize and Pulitzer Prize-winning American novelist, editor, and professor Her novels are known for their epic themes, vivid
35、dialogue, and richly detailed black characters. Among her best known novels are The Bluest Eye, Song of Solomon and Beloved.,Her Life,Winner of 1993 Nobel Prize for literature, first African American to receive this prize Born in 1931 in Lorain, Ohio, basis for some of her fictional settings B.A. Ho
36、ward Univ; M.A. Cornell, thesis on Woolf and Faulkner, taught at Howard Univ since 1989, editor for Random House and given numerous public lectures, specializing in African-American literature. made her debut as a novelist in 1970, A member since 1981 of the American Academy of Arts and Letters.,Her
37、 Achievements,Im just trying to look at something without blinking, to see what it is like, or it could have been like, and how that had something to do with the way we live now. Novels are always inquiries for me. Toni Morrison in Salon Magazine,American author, who has been awarded a number of lit
38、erary distinctions, among them the Pulitzer Prize in 1988. And Nobel Prize in Literature in 1993. In her work Toni Morrison has explored the experience and roles of black women in a racist and male dominated society. In the center of her complex and multilayered narratives is the unique cultural inh
39、eritance of African-Americans. Known For her epic power, unerring ear for dialogue, and her poetically-charged and richly-expressive depictions of Black America.,Her Major Novels,The Bluest Eyes (1970),In 1940s America, a little black girl, unlovely and unloved, prays for blue eyes like those of her
40、 white schoolfellows She becomes the focus of the mingled love and hatred engendered by her familys frailty and the worlds cruelty. ,Sula (1973),Sula, Morrisons second novel, focuses on a young black girl named Sula, who matures into a strong and determined woman in the face of adversity and the dis
41、trust, even hatred, of her by the black community in which she lives.,“This rich and moving novel traces the lives of two black heroines-from their growing up together in a small Ohio town, through their sharply divergent paths of womanhood, to their ultimate confrontation and reconciliation. The on
42、e, Nel Wright, chooses to stay in the place of her birth, to marry, to raise a family, to become a pillar of the tightly knit black community.,The other, Sula Peace, rejects all that Nel has accepted. She escapes to college, submerges herself in city life, and when she returns to her roots, it is as
43、 a rebel, a mocker, a wanton sexual seductress. Both women must suffer the consequences of their choices; both must decide if they can afford to harbor the love they have for each other; and both combine to create an unforgettable rendering of what it means and costs to exist and survive as a black
44、woman in America.“ (Back Cover),Song of Solomon (1977),The story of a character named Milkman Dead, who in his search for his familys lost fortune discovers instead his family history.,Tar Baby (1981),In a Caribbean mansion the millionaire, Valerian, and his younger wife, Margaret, live as if in a t
45、roubled sleep. Their comforts are supplied by a black servant couple. The fifth member of the household is a beautiful black protegee of Valerian,Beloved (1987),Sethe was born a slave and escaped to Ohio, but eighteen years later she is still not free. She has too many memories of the past. And Seth
46、es new home is haunted by the ghost of her baby, who died nameless and whose tombstone is engraved with a single word: Beloved,Beloved,http:/.au/films/movie/1815/Beloved,Jazz (1992),Jazz is spellbinding for the haunting passion of its profound love story, and for the bittersweet lyricism and refined sensuality of its powerful and elegant style,
