1、03名词性从句,I语序问题,1.The photographs will show you _ .（MET89） A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like,2.He asked _ for a violin（MET92） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I pai
2、d,规律一：名词性从句在句中要用陈述语序,II引导词的选择,1. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A.What , what B. What , that C. That , that D. That , what,2. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.Awhile Bthat Cif Dfor,3.What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soonAwh
3、en Bhow Cwhether Dwhy,4 made the school proud was more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. AWhatbecause BWhatthatCThatwhat DThatbecause,规律二：1.从句是陈述句转化而来的，不含有疑问意义。由that 引导且that连词在从句中不作成分 2.从句是由一般疑问句转化而来，含有疑问意义的。由whether，if 引导 3.从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来，含有疑问意义的。由wh-连词引导且 wh-连词在从句中作成分。
4、连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 7. If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.8. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it.9. The question is if he himself will be pr
5、esent at the meeting.10. He asked me if I could go with him or not.,Whether we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.,It depends on whether the weather is .,The question is whether he himself will be present .,He asked me whether I could go with him or not.,规律三： whether和if的区别：,whether和if在宾语从句中可
6、以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：It all depends on whether they will come back.,后面直接跟or not 时用 whether。如：I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.,主语从句和表语从句中只能用whether。如： Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. The question is whether they have so much money.,whether可以引导同
7、位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如：,We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.,whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如： The question of whether they are male or female is not important. I have not decided whether to go or not., whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能，但可以引
8、导一个条件状语从句表示“如果”如： Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.If I have time tomorrow, Ill go to visit Tom.,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books. 2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting. 3. Everybody consi
9、ders it impossible which he wants to finish the job in such a short time. 4. It doesnt matter that you will come or not.,it,it,that,whether,规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况下可以借助 “it” 而后置。,1.主语从句可以用it （作形式主语） 来替换成以下几种结构表达。 (A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that （B）It is a pity/shame /good idea/no wond
10、er that .,（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought /suggested that （D）It seems/happens that如：It is said that China will win in the World Cup.,2.宾语从句可以用it（作形式宾语） 来替换的句型为： 主语谓语itAdj/N从句如： I think it necessary that we have the meeting,1. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A
11、. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who,2. _ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.A. How B. Whatever C. However D. No matter,3. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever,He will believe whatever
12、 others say.（不能用no matter what代替whatever） Whatever others say, he will believe it. （可以用no matter what代替whatever）,规律四：whatever, whichever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however 等与 no matter what, no matter which, no matter who, no matter when, no matter where, no matter how 的区别:前者既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从
13、句，而 no matter 加疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema.5. My idea is that we must do our homework first.6. His proposal that we went there on foot isacceptable.,We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.,My idea is that we (should) do our homework first.
14、,His proposal that we (should) go there on foot.,规律五：注意虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用！ (1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。 “wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”,或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如： I wish it were spring all the year round
15、. I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird.,在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等动词后的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形或是动词原形。如： She suggested we (should)leave here at once. The doctor ordered she (should )be operated on.,（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句
16、中的运用。 作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。如： His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful. My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.,（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。 在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如： I
17、t is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day. It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.,It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon. 注意：这种从句表示的是事
18、实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如： It is pity that you cant swim.,名词从句与定语从句的主要区别,成分上的区别：名词性从句和定语从句分别在句中充当什么样的成分？,1. How the prisoner escaped remains a mystery. 2. I wonder whether/if he is fit for the job. 3. The problem is who will be equal to the task. 4. He had no idea wh
19、ether we could overcome the present difficulties or not.,主语,宾语,表语,同位语,5. I visited the country which/that had been bombed by the US-led NATO (美国为首的北约) a month before 6. I shall never forget the years when I lived in the countryside with the farmers, which has a great effect on my life. 7. In the off
20、ice I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm., by which time many people have gone home. 8. I had never seen such a good film as I watched last night.,结论： 名词性从句充当句子的主要成分 （作主语，宾语，表语，同位语），且无先行词，同位语除外。定语从句充当句子的修饰成分 （作定语），前面有先行词,同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that作为关系代词, 可以引导定语从句, 充当句子的主语或宾语成分, 在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that引
21、导同位语从句时, 起连词的作用, 没有实际意义，不充当句子成分, 一般不能省略。 试比较下面两个例句: The suggestion (that) he raised at the meeting is very good. （that引导定语从句, 作宾语, 可以省略） The suggestion that the students (should) have plenty of exercise is very good.（that引导同位语从句） I had no idea that you were here.（that引导同位语从句, 不能省略） Have you got the
22、idea (that) this book gives you of life in ancient Greece? （that引导定语从句, 作宾语, 可以省略）,引导词的不同：不会出现在名词从句中的关系词：不会出现在定语从句中的关系词：,as, 且 when, where 等不能与 in/on/at which 互换。,whether, if, what, how,名词从句与定语从句的一些对应系： 1. He has done what he can to help me.-He has done _ _ he can to help me. What I want to say has
23、nothing to do with it.-_ _ I want to say has nothing to do with it.,all that,All that,3. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished._ _ breaks the law is to be punished. 4. He will give the dictionary to whoeverneeds if most. He will give the dictionary to _ _ needs it most. 5. Well remember whomever
24、we turned to for help. Well remember _ _ we turned to for help.,Anyone who,anyone who,anyone (whom),6. They will do whatever he wants them to do. They will do _ _he wants them to do. 7. Ill read whichever book you give me. Ill read _ of the books _ you give me.,anything that,any,that,其余问题：,1. 误：I do
25、nt know if he comes back this month.2. 误：I have no idea what had happened when I was away.,正：I dont know if he will come back this month.,正：I have no idea what happened when I was away.,3.误：The reason is because he is ill.4.误：Who leaves last turns off the light.,正：The reason is that he is ill.,正：Who
26、ever leaves last turns off the light.,名词性从句试题集锦 1.I ask her _ come with me. if she will B. if will she C. whether will she D. will she 2._ he said is true. What B. That C. Which D. Whether,5.To get the job started, _ Ineed is some money. only what B. all what C. all that D. only that 6.I have no ide
27、a _ far the railwaystation is from here. A. what B. how C. its D. that,3.Can you tell me _? who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 4.He didnt know which room _. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in,7.Can you tell
28、me _ the railway station? A. how I can get to B. what can I get to C. where I can got to D. where can I get to 8.Do you know _? A. what is his name B. how is his name C. what his name is D. how his name is 9._ you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. This 10.They have
29、 no idea at all _. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 11.They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they 12.These photographs will show you _. A. what our village looks like B. what does our vil
30、lage look like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like,13.Can you make sure _ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 14.No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man loo
31、k like C. man will look like D. what look man like 15._ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 16.Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there 17.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gra
32、y. A. while B. that C. if D. for 18._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter,19. Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do. He came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 20._ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What ; what B. What ; that C. T
33、hat ; that D. That ; what 21._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 22.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 23. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you ha
34、d a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where 24.These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever,25._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 26.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice
35、Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 27._ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 28.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _ I got wet through. A. Its the reason B. Thats w
36、hy C. Theres why D. Its how,29.It was a matter of _ would take the position. A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever 30._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever 31.It was _ he said _ disappointed me. A. what ; that B. that ; that C. what ; what D. that ; what 32.Eat _ cake you like and leave the others for _ comes in late. A. any ; who B. every ; whoever C. whichever ; whoever D. either ; whoever,再见,
