1、英语被动句的汉译,1. The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end.必须全部停止这种讨厌的噪声。2.Printing was introduced into Europe from China.印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。3. Only a small portion of solar energy is now being used by us.现在我们只能利用一小部分太阳能。,一、化“被动”为“主动”一般说来，由于英语被动语态结构用得多，英译汉的时候，变为主动语态的情形也就十分普遍了。而这种化“被动“为“主动“的技巧，在实际操作上，
2、也是多种多样的。,被动结构的翻译方法：,(1)By the end of the war ,800 people had been saved by the organization.大战终结时，这个组织拯救了八百人。,1反宾为主，变主为宾翻译的时候，把原文的主语，译成宾语而把主体或相当于行为主体的介词宾语译成主语。,(2) Modern scientists have discovered that energy may be created from matter and that matter, in turn, may be created from energy. 现代科学家发现物质
3、可以产生能,能可以产生物质。,变主为宾,(1)Mr. Billings cannot be deterred from his plan. (人们)不能阻止比林斯先生实行他的计划,2. 增译主语，泛指“有人“翻译的时候，把原文的主语译成宾语，增译“有人“、“人们“、“大家“、“我们“等泛指性的主语。,(2)To explore the Moons surface, rockets, satellites and airships were launched again and again. 为了探测月球的表面，人们一次又一次地发射 火箭、卫星和飞船。(3) With the rapid dev
4、elopment of modern science and technology, information can be sent to every part of the world.随着现代科学技术的迅速发展，我们能把各种各样的信息传到世界各地。,增译主语,(1)New high-tech achievements have been applied to agricultural production. 高新科技的成果已应用于农业生产。 (2)If the technology and techniques are really advanced, co-operation can b
5、e prolonged. 如果技术确实先进，合作期限可以延长。,3. 原文主语、“主“位坐稳翻译时，原文的主语地位不变，在译文中仍为主语。这时，汉语译文中虽无“被“字，但被动的意义已暗合在内。,（3）The whole country was armed in a few days.几天以内全国武装起来了。（4）On their domestic stations events in the Middle East were dismissed briefly.在他们国内电台的广播中， 中东事件只 轻描淡写地报道了一下。,主位坐稳,汉语有一种“是的”结构，是一种形式主动，实际上是不用“被”字的
6、被动句。 （1）The decision to attack was not taken lightly.进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。,4.译成带表语的主动句,（2）This five star hotel was built in 1997 for Hong Kongs return to the motherland.这家五星级酒店是为迎接香港回归祖国而于 1997年 建成的。 （3）The crew were trained at Eglin Field, Fla.(轰炸机)机组人员是在佛罗里达州埃格林空军基 地训练的。,带表语主动句,一、化“被动”为“主动”,4.,译成带表语的主动句,二
7、、以“被动“译“被动“,(1)Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of theairfield.我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发现。(2)Much of the energy is absorbed as the Suns rays pass through the atmosphere.太阳光线通过大气层时许多能量被吸收去了。,1. 谓语之前加“被”字：,(1)They were given a hearty welcome.他们受到热烈欢迎。(2)He was policed by t
8、he bosses cops.他受到老板雇佣的警察的监督。(3)We are received with so much honor and so much kindness in this great country. 我们在这个伟大国家里受到了隆重和盛 情的接待。,2.译为“（遭）受”：,(1) These views of Marx and Engels have now been adopted by all proletarians （无产阶 级）who are fighting for their emancipation.马克思和恩格斯的这种观点，现在已为正在争取 解放的全体无产
9、阶级所接纳。(2)Once the men had been accepted by the Comet（彗星） organization, they were brought to Brussels.士兵们一旦为彗星组织所接受，就被送到布鲁塞尔去。,3.译为“为所”：,（1）By evening the occupation was complete, and the people were chased off the streets by an eight oclock curfew.至傍晚，占领已告完成。八点钟开始的宵禁把人们 从街上赶走。（2）The famous hotel had
10、 been practically destroyed by the big fire.大火使这家著名旅馆几乎全部毁灭。,三、行为主体前加“把”、“使”、“由”等字:,（3）Most letters from his wife, are read to him by the nurse in the hospital.他的妻子给他的信件，大多数是由医院 里的护士念给他听的。,It is found that 据发现 It is said that 据说 It is hope that 希望 It is reported that 据报道 It may be safely said that 可
11、以有把握地说 It has been illustrated that 据（图示）说明 It has been viewed that 讨论了 It was first intended that 最初就有这样的想法 It is enumerated that 列举了 It is weighted that 权衡了 It may be without fear of exaggeration that 可以毫不夸张地说 It must be pointed out that 必须承认 It must be pointed out that 必须指出,常见形式主语被动句型的翻译： 不加主语的：,
12、It was first intended that 最初就有这样的想法 It is enumerated that 列举了 It is weighted that 权衡了 It may be without fear of exaggeration that 可以毫不夸张地说 It must be pointed out that 必须承认 It must be pointed out that 必须指出可加主语的： It is well known that 众所周知 It is taken that 有人认为 It is noted that 人们注意到,一、化“被动“为“主动“（1）反宾为主，变主为宾（2）增译主语，泛指“有人“（3）原文主语、“主“位坐稳（4）译成带表语的主动句二、以“被动“译“被动“（1）译为“被.”或“给.”（2）译为“（遭）受”（3）译为“为所”三、行为主体前加“把”、“使”、“由”等字:,Conclusion：,Thanks for your listening!,
