1、102London 2012 Olympic Park e? sa aM La 5a 5# M / !B g ! ub W ; B 7 Z “ ggZ_M u4 M gBV V5 P l i 9 YV M VZ T by ! I n a6V?Za1 6a$ ! M u !9y !V h Y/ b VZ !91oYV u7y s bW P LCl b y ! 0 P1 P l r Z TbNYV =?$ ! / ! u p 86 ? (V V 3 ?b =$ ! ? y 3Q V# M X8 ! F !?b V !9 1 a1# B“ Y“db 8ysr g % X E4 61 L i 6) +
2、 +S=_b6 VZ !9 “S 7yNg$ ! 9FrNi gb VZ |y ! bW O ! !Mb bW V VZ sr B 3Z Ti #1“ b ? M | =/B3LLii H bBt186 X8| 8 h? P 7 “ H6| g?Zy !bVB 7 S M H# ? HbL9? O u 3B?Z$b? 7/BYYa 3L ub?o“S“ h =M*MaVIN bWa la X8 =SE8 nb 6| h =la X D )BDLOFZ8JDLS= 8l # D ra T ! b |/?ZbK? usYMM 39? 3MM+ +hii? *M lHZvb D Xii? l# 8*
3、M V ,Vo8B Q 7ib+ + uii? *Ma !B ub X uii? S8*Ma XB8 =8 ! bC uii? *MVN bWB 4eOO b+ uii? *M laV h# =/ + Xb u = ! b?|16 = 8 ! Pb t u|“ : 7m98?JH.BTUFSQMBOm MJH4JUFFWPMVUJPOm106London 2012 Olympic Park bb T s z g VYV8 1N H ? ?Z 3 “db Ty ! $ b u69 b | $9 b“ Y smS9|B vb B8 9| aMTb m one of the largest Euro
4、pean parks in more than a century.Close to Stratford, the new park occupies a site at the southern end of the River Lea which flows from the Hertfordshire countryside southwards through London and into the River Thames tidal estuary. The northern part of the river fl ows through the Lee Valley Regio
5、nal Park and part of the vision was to transform low-value land in the south to create a green corridor linking the Thames and the heart of London with the countryside at its edge.2 Location-Lower Lea ValleyWork towards staging the Olympics began with appraisals of a large area of the Lea Valley whi
6、ch runs from the county of Hertfordshire, North East of London, down to the River Thames. Broad in their scope and encompassing almost 1,500 hectares, the research work was evaluated and evolved into a vision for the future and it started to identify opportunities for working towards regeneration. T
7、he vision on how to effect positive, long-lasting and sustainable change was rooted in the landscapes history and the areas most prominent and potent feature-its water. The goal was to revitalize this neglected area by creating 35,000 new homes and as many as 50,000 jobs along with schools, healthca
8、re facilities, community centers and sporting amenities. Expected to take a generation to complete, the sustainable scheme will also include improved public transport and transport infrastructure and better connections to the rest of the capital. The visions seven themes included Water City celebrat
9、ing the areas rivers and canals m bW QJH4QBUJBMDPODFQUTm?JH1MBOQIBTFm1 Introduction and Vision Threaded with canals, roads and rail lines, water pipes, sewers and electricity pylons, the Lower Lea Valley has long been the service entrance for London. At the start of the new century it was a rundown
10、and melancholic place, but with the growth of the capital shifting eastwards it provided the opportunity for one of Europes largest regeneration projects, a home for the 2012 Olympic Park and a new park for London.Creating an exemplary setting for the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, the 30th 107
11、Xand completing the missing link connecting the Lee Valley Regional Park with the Thames as a continuous green corridor. The second theme in the vision was the identification of Thriving Centers, including Stratford and Canning Town, where new development could be concentrated. The third was Neighbo
12、rhoods and Communities where mixed-use schemes would ensure an improved quality of life for all. Other themes focused on creating active and dense areas of industry and employment opportunities, improved communications and social, economic and environmental sustainability. The fi nal theme was the 2
13、012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.The regeneration strategy was well under way before holding the Games was a consideration, but they were incorporated into the vision as an important catalyst for regeneration of the wider area. The opportunities document provided clarification on the social, economi
14、c and regeneration challenges and the scale of effort that would be required to effect signifi cant, lasting and positive change. 3 Londons Olympic ParkThe land designated for the Olympic Park (more than 230 hectares) occupies around one fi fth of the whole Lower Lea Valley regeneration zone and fla
15、nks a two kilometer stretch of the River Lea. In addition to having the river at its heart, the site incorporated a network of canals and a tangle of infrastructure including pylons, roads, sewers and rail. It was disfigured by run-down buildings and dereliction, and was surrounded by poor and badly
16、 served communities. Local neighborhoods were identifi ed as some of the poorest, youngest and most ethnically diverse in the entire city. They suffered from a lack of jobs, a lack of amenities and limited public transport connections with other local areas and the rest of London. Significant parts
17、of the land were contaminated with pollutants from decades of low-value industry and landfi ll including thousands of tons of rubble dumped here following the widespread destruction caused by the Blitz in the 1940s.The long industrial history of the place m108London 2012 Olympic Park stretches back
18、to the Middle Ages when the fl at marshlands were studded with windmills grinding fl our for the citys bakers, later the canals helped generate wealth as the means of transporting goods from Londons docks to the rest of the country, in the past century industries sprang up making the first transisto
19、rs and valves for early television sets, creating some of the earliest plastics, Lee Enfi eld rifl es and toys. However, in recent decades manufacturing collapsed and the place languished. Its decline was halted as a result of Londons rapid development in the early years of the new century when the
20、place was identified as an area for potential growth. Despite its sense of dislocation and deprivation, the Stratford area is within eight kilometers of central London.The citys expansion eastwards provided the opportunity for regeneration of an entire urban district with development on a scale not
21、seen since Victorian times. Ideas evolved to create a new park around the upgraded river and network of canals. Work on the public realm would be accompanied by improving local transport infrastructure to link the district with the centre of London and neighboring communities. With the 2012 Olympic
22、and Paralympic Games as the catalyst for regeneration and a profound and lasting change, investment would be accompanied by the creation of a distinctive and positive image for the area.4 The MasterplansMasterplans for the Games and for the parkland that would be their legacy were prepared and gaine
23、d planning permission. As a powerful expression of intent, these permissions formed the core of Londons bid for the 2012 Games. Following the announcement that London was the chosen venue, the next phase was to develop the concept masterplan. Planning permission was secured in a landmark joint decis
24、ion made by the four host boroughs of Tower Hamlets, Hackney, Newham and Waltham Forest with neighboring authority Greenwich. Created around water, the 230 hectare site, of which 100 hectares will form new parklands, fl anks a two kilometer stretch of the River Lea. It has an open and semi-rural cha
25、racter in the north and a dense, urban feel in the south, closer to the Thames. The southern portion also includes the canal network. The design is conceived as a two-tier landscape with the rivers and canals forming a lush, green lower level core and with an open platform above creating the setting
26、 for the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. At the upper level, the grand concourse follows the north-south fl ow of the river leading spectators through the linear site on a grand processional route. The concourse links all of the main Olympic venues from the VeloPark cycling centre in the north by
27、 a team led by Hopkins Architects, to the Handball Arena designed by MAKE Architects, to the grand stadium designed by a team led by Populous (formerly HOK Sport), and the Aquatics Centre by Zaha Hadid, both anchoring the south of the site.5 Sustainability The creation of the park involved a complex
28、 sequence of compulsory purchase orders to acquire the site, followed by a systematic clearing and remediation of the land. This included excavating, treating and cleaning around 1.5 million cubic meters of soil, eradicating an infestation of Japanese knotweed and other invasive species, reusing aro
29、und 90 per cent of materials generated from demolition within the site, removing more than 50 pylons and placing electricity cabling in two underground tunnels more than six kilometers in length, and cleaning up more than eight kilometers of waterways. In addition, work was carried out to improve wi
30、ldlife habitat and biodiversity with extensive planting of native species including oak and ash, willow, birch, hazel, holly, blackthorn and hawthorn, and to ensure that construction work followed established sustainability principles using recycled materials and ensuring that 50 per cent of materia
31、ls by weight were transported by sustainable means including by waterways and rail. The creation of the park is underpinned by environmental, economic and social sustainability with the goal of minimizing any adverse impacts during the design and construction of the park, its venues, infrastructure
32、and surrounding housing to leave a lasting, high-quality place.In terms of environmental sustainability, key gains include transformation of the near-derelict site and bringing the land into public use by creating significant new green space in East London. All construction has been carried out to m
33、aximize the careful use of resources such as using recycled material and optimizing opportunities for the efficient use of water. In addition the new utilities infrastructure was designed to meet the long-term needs of this part of the Lower Lea Valley ensuring that 20 per cent of the total energy d
34、emand from the permanent Games facilities will be met by new on-site renewable energy sources. At the heart of the parks infrastructure is the Energy Centre with biomass boiler and a combined cooling heating and power plant for the Aquatics Centre and 2012 Olympic Stadium. Other aspects of environme
35、ntal sustainability included improving natural habitat, a network of cycle ways and footpaths and a range of improvements to the m$JH3JWFSQMBOUJOHmV /sY M# M/ ! MJH1BOPSBNJDWJFXTPGUIF0MZNQJDTJUF MPPLJOH Fig.02 DFL/LDA; Fig.03 Smoothe; Fig.04 AECOM, Allies and Morrison, KCAP; Fig.05 left and centre A
36、llies and Morrison, right AECOM, Allies and Morrison, KCAP; Fig.06 AECOM, Allies and Morrison, Buro Happold, FOA, HOK; Fig.07 David Lloyd, AECOM.Te1:cq “&$0.y = X98? !97 !9 =B “ - 5v M = S98?Biography: Bill HANWAY is an architect and one of the project leaders of the London Olympic Park Masterplan p
37、roject, AECOM. Bill is currently leading AECOMs work creating the masterplan for the 2016 Rio Olympics in Brazil.re M 3 3 v p V 3 About the Translator: SUN Shuai, born in 1986, a native of Shanxi, is a PhD Candidate of the School of Landscape Architecture of Beijing Forestry University. (Beijing 100083)
