1、减译法（OMISSION）,组员：马兴源 韦健明 黄一飞 陈晓敏 刘雅丹,（一）减译及其特点 （二）减译原则 （三）句法性减译法 1、省略冠词 2、省略介词 3、省略代词4、省略非人称的或强调句中的it 5、省略连词 6、省略动词（四）修辞性减译法 1、原文重复词语的减省2、根据汉语习惯，译文可以省略可有可无的词语,（一）减译及其特点,减译，即删减试全译，指从全文出发根据逻辑、句法、修辞的需要在译文中删减一些不必要的语言单位的全译方法。由于英汉两种语言在词汇、语法和修辞上的差异，有些词语或句子成分，在英语中是必不可少的，但若搬进译文中去，就会形成冗词赘语或蛇足，影响译文的简洁和通顺。,（二）减
2、译原则,减译是删去一些可有可无的，或者有了反嫌累赘，或者违背译文语言习惯的语言单位。但省略不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。减译的原则：减形不减意。,1、英译汉It is not rum for a woman to want her old husband back, for respectability, though for a man to want his old wife back-well, perhaps it is funny, rather!(一个)女人为了体面（的关系）而要（她的从）前（的那个丈）夫回来，这并不（是）奇怪（的事），虽然（一个）男人要（他从）前（的那个）妻（子）
3、回来，也许是很有趣的事。,2、汉译英郭沫若同志曾说:“中国人历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。”Comrade Guo Moro once said:The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.,句法性减译法,冠词、介词、代词、,形式代词、连词、动词,1、冠词,独一无二的事物,A book is useful. 书是有用的A teacher should have patience in his w
4、ork当教员的应当有耐心,The earth is larger than the moon, but smaller than the sun. 地球比月球大，但比太阳小The moon was slowly rising above the sea.月亮从海上冉冉升起,表示类别,The children are of an age. 这些孩子都是同岁的We would do it a unit a week.我们将每周学习一个单元An apple a day keeps the doctor away.每天一苹果，医生远离你,I caught the fish. 这条鱼是我捉的,（ “一”
5、或“每一” 的概念）,（特指时）,1、冠词,2、介词, 表示时间和地点的介词短语在翻译成汉语时，如果能够放在句首，介词往往可以省略The Communist Party of China was founded in 1921.1921年，中国共产党成立。Smoking is prohibited in public places. 公共场所禁止吸烟, 表示时间短语在翻译成汉语时，如果只能放在句末，就不能省略。It was rumored that hostilities were to begin on April 23. 据传战争将在4月23日爆发, 引导地点状语的英语介词在译文句首往往可
6、以省略，但放在动词后却一般不省略She stood by the table. 她站在桌旁。 He sat behind the door. 他坐在门后。,3、代词, 同一主语，重复出现，这种人称代词汉译时常常可以省略e was tired and weary and he looked miserable.他疲惫不堪，看上去一副可怜相。, 泛指的英语人称代词做主语时，即使是作第一个主语，译文中往往也可以省略We live and learn. 活到老，学到老We eat to live, but not live to eat.(我们)为生存而吃饭，而不应该为吃饭而生存,（主语、宾语、反身代
7、词、物主代词、引导定语从句的关系代词）,主语,I have received your letter and read it with delight.我收到了你的信，愉快地读了。He is playing football now,we all see him. 他正在踢足球，我们都看见了,3、代词,宾语,I wash my hands before having my lunch.汉语只需说“我吃午餐前洗手”，而不必说“我吃我的午餐前洗我的手”my， your， his， her， our， your， their,物主代词,We want them to criticize themse
8、lves. 我们希望他们能自我批评She treats herself badly. 她把(她)自己弄糊涂了,3、代词,He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人Please pass me the book whose cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书This is the pen which he bought yesterday这是他昨天买的笔,反身代词,引导定语从句的关系代词,4、形式代词“it”,省译做形式主语或形式宾语的“it”It is only shallow people who judge b
9、y appearances.只有浅薄的人才以貌取人。I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。,省译强调句中的“it”It was yesterday that he got married. 他是昨天结婚的。,表示时空和天气概念而本身没有具体意义的“it”It was dark outside when he got up. 他起床时天还没亮。It looks like rain. Youd better go home now. 好像要下雨了。你回去吧。,5、连词,You should get up and dress your
10、self quickly.起床啦，快起来穿衣服。He said that he didnt want to go there.他说他不想去那儿。Youd better put on your sweater, for its rather cold outside.你最好把毛衣穿上，外边相当冷。The presentation can be perfect as long as you make full preparations.有了充分的准备，你的展示将会很成功。When the masses are of one heart, everything becomes easy.众人一条心，
11、其力可断金。,并列连词,从属连词,因果连词,表示条件结果关系连词,表示时间的连词,6、动词,This area has a bad signals.这片地区信号很差。,系动词省译, When the pressure gets high, the boiling point becomes low.气压高，沸点就高。,修辞性减省译法,修辞性省略是从译文修辞角度考虑，省略英文中的某些词语。这些词语的含义在译文中虽无其字但已有其意，如果不将其省略，就可能造成译文语意的重复或累赘。,1. 原文重复词语的减省,Neither party shall cancel the contract withou
12、t sufficient cause or reason.双方均不得无故解除合同。 （.没有原因和理由） Semiconductor devices have no filament or heaters and therefore require no heating power or warmed uptime. 半导体器件没有灯丝，因此不需要加热功率或加热时间。,2. 不言而喻的减省,I felt a trifle shy at the thought of presenting myself to a total stranger with the announcement that
13、I was going to sleep under his roof ,eat his food and drink his whisky , till another boat came in to take me to the port for which I was bound. 我要去见一个素不相识的人，并告诉他我得住在他家，吃他的，喝他的，一直等到下一班船到来，把我带到要去的港口， 想到这儿，我真有点不好意思了。,Her dark eyes made little reflected stars. She was looking at him as she was always l
14、ooking at him when he awakened. 她那双乌黑的眼睛就像亮晶晶的星星在闪烁，他平素醒来的时候，她也是这样望着他。(此句中有两个 “she was looking at him“，如不作省略而译为“她像平常那样望着她一样望着他“，汉语就显得噜嗦繁复，诘屈聱牙。),省译法不是任意省略、删减。从以上各例句中不难看出，某些词语如果不删减，译文必定不够简洁，或累赘不堪，甚至影响整体意思的表达。采用省略法不仅使译文读起来流畅、自然，而且突出了原文的整体意思。 应该特别注意的是，省略绝不能影响原文的中心思想和整体意思，否则就是违背“忠实”这一基本原则。从原则上讲，翻译不能对原文内容作任何删减，所以，采用省略法必须以不损害原文的内容为前提。,小 结,
