1、Unit 2 Mistake to SuccessA Famous QuoteSuccess is going from failure to failure without losing your enthusiasm.Winston Churchill成功就是经历一次一次失败后，热情依旧。温斯顿丘吉尔TEXT A Spilt MilkNew Words spill （spilt ） v. （使）洒出，泼出，溢出respond v. 作出反应，响应interview v. （媒体）采访；访问; 面试creative adj. 创造（性）的；创作的occur v. 发生；出现remove v.
2、 移开；拿开；去掉refrigerator n. 冰箱grip n. 紧握；紧抓slippery adj. 滑的；滑的抓不住（或站不稳，难以行走）的content n. 所容纳之物；所含之物veritable adj. 十足的；名副其实的；不折不扣的yell v. 喊；大喊；吼叫lecture n.（冗长的）教训，训斥，谴责mess n. 肮脏；杂乱；不整洁rarely adv. 罕有；很少；不常puddle n. 水洼；小水坑eventually adv. 最后；终于restore v. 使复原；使复位，使复职sponge n. 海绵块effectively adv. 有效的tiny adj
3、. 极小的；微小的discover v. 查明；发现grasp v. 抓紧；抓牢lip n. 边，边沿renowned adj. 有名的；闻名的；受尊敬的remark v. 谈论；评论opportunity n. 机会；时机scientific adj. 科学（上）的；关于科学的valuable adj. 很有用的；很重要的；宝贵的Phrases and Expressionsin this manner 用这种方式set apart from 区别；使与众不同重点词汇讲解spill v. （使）洒出，泼出，溢出eg: The ink spilt all over the desk. 墨水洒了
4、一桌子。Who has spilt/spilled the milk? 谁把牛奶泼出来了?用法：cry over spilt milk 为已经发生而无法补救的事懊悔eg: Youve broken it now; its no use crying over spilt milk! 你现在既已把它损坏了，后悔是没有用的!interview v. （媒体）采访；访问eg: We interviewed 20 people for the job. 为这份工作我们对 20 人进行了面试。衍生：inter- 在之间internet 互联网international 国际的interview 面试-e
5、e 动作的受动者interviewee n. （面试中）受审核者；被接见者；被采访者employee 雇员，examinee 考生-er 动作的执行者interviewer n. 主持面试者；接见者；采访者employer 雇主，examiner 考官re- = again = 再rename 重命名replace 替代remove v. 移开；拿开；去掉用法： sth./sb. （from sth.）eg: remove the dishes （ from the table） （从餐桌上）撤去碗碟restore v. 使复原；使复位，使复职用法： sb./sth. to sth.eg: r
6、estore sacked workers to their old jobs 使被解雇的工人复工remark v. 谈论；评论用法： on/upon sth./ sb.eg: I couldnt help remarking on her youth. 我脱口而出说她那么年轻。Spilt MilkHave you heard of the story about spilt milk? Well, we all know there is no use crying over spilt milk. But this story is different. I would hope all
7、parents would respond in this manner.打翻的牛奶你是否听过打翻的牛奶的故事?我们都知道为已经打翻的牛奶哭泣是没有用的。不过这次的故事不同。我希望所有父母都能作出如此回应。I recently heard a story about a famous research scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs. He was interviewed by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he was so much mor
8、e creative than the average person; what set him so far apart from others?最近我听到一个故事，故事的主角是一个在医学领域取得多项重大突破的知名科学家。在一次报社记者对他的采访中，记者问他为什么他比普通人更富有创造力，是什么让他如此与众不同。He responded that, in his opinion, it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when he was about two years old. He had been tr
9、ying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor a veritable (十足的) sea of milk!他回答道，在他看来，这全部源于他两岁时和妈妈的一次共同的经历。他试图从冰箱里取出一瓶牛奶，却没有抓住光滑的瓶子，瓶子掉了，牛奶洒得厨房满地都是 白花花的一片。When his mother came into the
10、kitchen, instead of yelling at him, giving him a lecture, or punishing him, she said, “Robert, what a great wonderful mess you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge puddle of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before we
11、 clean it up?“他妈妈走进厨房时，没有对他大吼大叫，没有训斥他或惩罚他，而是对他说：“罗伯特，瞧你把地板弄得，多么的壮观啊!我几乎从未见过这么大的一摊牛奶。噢，既然损失已经造成了，你要不要下来玩一会牛奶我们再打扫?”Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mother said, “You know, Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order
12、. So, how would you like to do that? We could use a sponge, a towel, or a mop. Which do you prefer?“ He chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the spilt milk.他真的在一地的牛奶上玩了一会儿。几分钟后，妈妈又说：“罗伯特，你要知道，每次像这样搞得一团糟，最终还是要收拾干净，让一切恢复原位。所以，你看该怎么打扫好呢? 我们可以使用一块海绵、一条毛巾或者一个拖把。你喜欢用哪一个呢? ”他选择了海绵，并和妈妈一起把地板上的牛奶打扫干
13、净。His mother then said, “You know, what we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Lets go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it.“ The little boy learned that i
14、f he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful lesson!他妈妈接着对他说：“你知道，今天我们实际上做了个实验 如何用两只小手稳妥地端一个大的牛奶瓶，可惜我们的实验失败了。那我们去后院继续做实验吧，给瓶子里装上水，看看你能不能发现用什么方法端这个瓶子它不会掉。 ”于是这个小男孩学会了用双手抓住瓶子上面靠近瓶盖的位置，这样端的时候瓶子就不会掉。多么美妙的一堂课!The renowned scienti
15、st remarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didnt need to be afraid to make mistakes. Instead, he learned that mistakes were just opportunities for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about(真谛 ). Even if the experiment “ doesnt work“, we usuall
16、y learn something valuable from it.这位著名的科学家谈论道，正是在那一刻他明白了无需害怕犯错误。相反，他认识到错误正是学习新东西的机会，毕竟任何科学实验都是如此。 即使实验“行不通” ，我们往往也能从中得到一些宝贵的经验。Wouldnt it be great if all parents would respond （in ）the way Roberts mother responded to him?如果所有家长都像罗伯特的妈妈那样对待孩子该有多好啊。EXERCISESI Check your comprehension1. This is a stor
17、y about a famous research scientist who _ _.A）looked smarter than the average personB）was an unordinary boy when he was youngC）became well-known after an interviewD）achieved great success in the medical field【正确答案】D【答案解析】本题是对这则故事主人公身份事迹的考查。我们可以从课文第二段第一句中找到答案 who had made several very important medic
18、al breakthroughs，即一个在医学领域颇有成就的著名科学家，因此答案为 D.2. Why did he get the milk spilt all over the kitchen floor?A）He failed to remove the bottle and it fell.B）He was too young to carry the heavy bottle.C）He had no confidence in taking the bottle.D）He loosed his grip on the bottle deliberately.【正确答案】A【答案解析】本
19、题是对细节的考查。我们可以从课文第三段第二句找到答案，he lost his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell, 因为他没有抓住光滑的瓶子，瓶子掉了，因此 A 正确；D 项前面说法正确，但是deliberately 意为“故意地”，明显不合文意。答案为 A.3. How did his mother respond to his mistake?A）She punished him by making him clean the kitchen.B）She shouted to stop him from doing anything.C）She
20、allowed him to play in the milk first.D）She taught him how to carry the bottle immediately.【正确答案】C【答案解析】本题是综合细节考查题。答案需要阅读第四段全文，归纳得出，问题问的是妈妈对他的错误的反应，从第四段关键词语可以得出，当他妈妈赶到厨房，非但没有朝他喊叫，训斥他或是责罚他，还让他到牛奶堆里玩，因此 C 为正确答案。答案为 C.4. The mother and the son went out in the back yard to _.A）find some water to clean t
21、he bottleB）find a way to carry the bottle effectivelyC）search for another bottle to hold the milkD）see how to fill the bottle without dropping it【正确答案】B【答案解析】本题着重考查细节。我们首先可以找出提问句子是在文章第六段第二句，答案在其后面，see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it，译为 “看是否能够找到一个方法来拿住它而不掉下来”，因此正确答案为 B.5. It
22、 is said in the passage that mistakes give chances to _.A）know the truth clearlyB）learn something newC）do some experimentsD）teach a child a lesson【正确答案】B【答案解析】本题是对文章主旨的考查。通过阅读文章第七段第二句可以得到答案，即 he learned that mistakes were just opportunities for learning something new，译为“他认识到了这些错误正是从中学习新知识的机会”。因此 B 为
23、正确答案。III Bridging the Gapwithout fear under unavoidable so thatsuccess reach wisely as long as betweenLots of people dont dare to make mistakes. They （1）_ that they will be ridiculed or blamed by others. They fear that they will lose their money and belongings or be （2）_a lot of stress. But risks ar
24、e （3）_ and they do pave the way you must tread upon towards （4）_.【正确答案】（1）fear （ 2）under （3）unavoidable （4）success【答案解析】（1）联系上下文可以知道，上文译为很多人害怕犯错，下文译为他们被嘲笑责备，由此可以得出，空格处应填入表示害怕意思的动词，因此答案为 fear.（2）本题考查动词词组的固定搭配。under stress 意为“承受压力，在压力之下” 。答案为 under.（3）从下文意思可以看出，每个成功的人都曾犯过错，因此 risk （风险）是不可避免的，unavoidab
25、le 意为“不可避免的”。答案为unavoidable.（4）由空格前半句的含义可知，此处应填入 toward 表示动作行为的所向目的地 成功。答案为 success.Have you ever heard of someone who achieves success （5）_making any mistakes before?【正确答案】（5）without【答案解析】（5）从整句话可以看出，此处只能填入一个介词，引导后面的现在进行时态表示伴随状态，只有 without 合适。答案为without.So it is only natural that making mistakes in
26、 your effort to （6）_your dreams is considered a must, and you shouldnt worry about that as you may get a lot of advantages out of your mistakes. By making mistakes at least you then can distinguish （ 7）_the correct and the incorrect portions of what you did.【正确答案】（6）reach （7）between【答案解析】（6）to 引导的不定
27、式做主语，此处应填入能与 dream 搭配的动词， reach your dreams 固定搭配，意为“实现你的理想” 。答案为 reach.（7）此处考查动词的固定短语搭配。distinguish between“把和区别开” ，题中译为 “把你做的正确的部分和错误的部分区别开 ”。答案为 between.Anthony D Angelo said: “In order to succeed you must fail, （8）_you know what to do the next time“, and Robert Louis Stevenson even went to the ex
28、treme as to say: “Our business in life is not to succeed, but to continue to fail in good spirits.“【正确答案】（8）so that【答案解析】（8）此处考查 so that 的用法。so that 引导目的状语从句时，表示“ 以便、为了”，从句中常使用 can /could /may /might /will /would /should 等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用 can 和 may 等词，在 so that 前可以用逗号，意思是“因此、所以”。答案为 so tha
29、t.You neednt worry about anything （9）_you keep on going by （10）_ learning from your mistakes and trying even harder.【正确答案】（9）as long as （10）wisely【答案解析】（9）本题考查 as long as 的用法。表示 on condition that, provided that 或 if（只要，如果）的含义，引导条件状语从句。答案为 as long as.（10）由空格处上下文可看出，此处应填入一个副词修饰动词learning，观察备选词，只有 wise
30、ly 符合，意为“明智地，聪明地” 。答案为 wisely.IV TranslationSection A1.They are likely to _（积极回应总统的请求）.（respond to）【正确答案】respond to the President actively/ in an active manner【答案解析】此处需要翻译的是 to 后面的部分，因为 to 后面只能接动词原形，因此“ 回应” 译为 respond to ，“积极”译为 actively 或 in an active manner，答案为 respond to the President actively/in
31、 an active manner,2.He blends right into the crowd of teenagers and _ （只是他的口音与众不同）.（setapart from）【正确答案】only his accent sets him apart from others【答案解析】此题考查 setapart 的用法，“与不同”，后面跟介词from；he 做主语，后面跟两个宾语动词 blend to 和 set apart；accent 是名词，“口音 ”。答案为 only his accent sets him apart from others.3._ （我从来没有见过
32、这么美丽的落日）.（rarely）【正确答案】I have rarely seen such a beautiful sunset【答案解析】本题考查现在完成时态，其由“have/has + 过去分词” 构成，表示动作发生在过去，但与现在的情况有联系，有时无时间状语，有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用。答案为 I have rarely seen such a beautiful sunset.4.The government is trying to _（恢复人们对国家经济的信心）.（restore）【正确答案】restore peoples confidence in national
33、 economy【答案解析】restore 译为 “恢复”。confidence 后面接介词 in，意为“对有信心 ”。答案为 restore peoples confidence in national economy.5.On several occasions _（她都谈到了这个男孩的进步）.（remark）【正确答案】she remarked on the boys progress【答案解析】此处考查 remark 固定词组搭配。remark on“谈论；评论”；that 后面引导的是名词性从句。答案为 she remarked on the progress that the bo
34、y had made.Text B The CakeNew Wordsglance v. 瞥一眼；匆匆一看；扫视touch n. 修饰；润色；装点frost v. 给（糕饼）覆上糖霜aesthetic adj. 审美的；有审美观点的；美学的triumph n 巨大成功；伟大胜利lumpy adj. 多块状物的；为块状物覆盖的frosting n. 糖霜（用以装饰糕饼等） blender n. （电动）食物搅拌器fixings n. pl.（菜肴的）配料requisite adj. 必需的；必备的；必不可少的utensil n. （家庭）用具，器皿phoenix n. （传说中的）凤凰；长生鸟c
35、lutter n. 杂乱的东西（尤指不需要的或无用的）；杂乱present v. 把交给；颁发；授予 anniversary n. 周年纪念日 flash n. 闪光；闪耀position v. 安置；安装；使处于；定位slide v. （使）快捷而悄声地移动explode v. 突然爆发，迸发（感情）(explosion, explosive)slip v. 悄悄疾行；溜flip v. 按（开关）；按（按钮）trumpet v. 发出喇叭声gesture v. 做手势；用手势表示grandly adv. 骄傲地；自负地slightly adv. 略微；稍微off-balance adj. 不
36、平衡的；不稳定的layer n. 层；表层inspection n. 检查；查看；审视moan v. 抱怨interject v. 打断（别人的讲话）；插话gently adv. in a gentle way 温柔地；温和地；和缓地disaster n. 灾难；不幸；彻底失败storm v. 气呼呼地疾走slam v. （使 ）砰地关上silently adv. 悄悄地；静静地moist adj. slight wet 微湿的；湿润的suffer v.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨occasional adj. 偶然的；临时的issue n. 重要议题；争论的问题signific
37、ance n. （尤指对将来有影响的）重要性，意义stuff n. 东西，物品，玩意儿awfully adv. very; extremely 非常；极其troublesome adj. 令人烦恼的；令人痛苦的deserve v. 值得；应得；应受frustration n. 令人懊丧（或懊恼、沮丧）的事物carpet n. 地毯emerge v. 露头；显现dignity n. 自豪；自尊；自重sanitation n. 卫生sacrifice n. 牺牲；舍弃tender adj. 易损坏的；纤弱的；脆弱的responsibility n. 责任；负责occasionally adv. 偶
38、然；偶尔；有时候consequence n. 结果；后果Phrases and Expressionsstart from scratch 从头开始；从零开始run out of 用完；耗尽stay up 熬夜重点词汇explode v. 突然爆发，迸发（感情）用法： with/ in/ into sth. eg: He exploded with rage, fury, jealousy, etc. 他勃然大怒 暴跳如雷 妒火中烧等She exploded into loud laughter. 她突然大笑起来。其他词义：（cause sth. to） burst with a loud n
39、oise; blow up （使某物）爆炸；炸开eg: When the boiler exploded many people were injured. 因锅炉爆炸，许多人受了伤。衍生explosive adj. 爆炸性的；易爆炸的 eg: explosive materials 爆炸材料explosive n. 爆炸物；炸药eg: The bomb was packed with high explosive, i.e. a substance that explodes with great force. 这炸弹装有烈性炸药。explosion n. 激增；爆炸eg: a popula
40、tion explosion 人口激增 the explosion of oil prices 石油价格的急剧上涨inspection n. 检查；查看；审视eg: An inspection was carried out at the school. 学校接受了一次检查。衍生inspect v. （a） 检查（某事物）eg: The customs officer inspected my passport suspiciously. 海关官员颇为怀疑地检查了我的护照。（b） 视察（某事物）eg: inspect a school, factory, regiment, etc. 视察学校
41、 工厂 团队等 构词 词根spec, spic, specul = to look, to see 看expect 期待 inspect 检查 suspect 怀疑 respect 尊敬 despise 轻视 spectacle 奇观spectacular 奇妙的 spectator 观众 prospect 前景 suffer v. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨用法： from eg: Do you suffer from （i.e. often have） headaches? 你常头痛吗?衍生suffering n. 痛苦eg: the suffering of the re
42、fugees after the war 战后难民的痛苦deserve v. 值得；应得；应受eg: She deserves a reward for her efforts. 她积极努力，应得到奖赏。They deserve to be sent to prison. 他们应该入狱。responsibility n. 责任；负责用法： for sb./ sth. eg: take/assume/accept/bear full responsibility for the consequences 对后果承担全部责任衍生responsible adj. （在法律上或道义上）须负责任，承担责
43、任 for sb./sth. ； for doing sth. eg: All pilots are responsible for their passengers safety. 凡是飞机驾驶员均应对乘客的安全负责。 to sb./sth. having to account for ones actions to an authority or a superior 对自己的行动向主管者或上级承担责任 eg: be directly/indirectly responsible to the President 直接/ 间接向总统负责词类转换副词词尾-ly adj. + -ly = ad
44、v grandly adv. 骄傲地；自负地eg: He grandly suggested that we sit down to work out a practical solution. 他派头很大地建议我们坐下来拟定一个实际的解决办法。grand adj. 宏伟的；壮丽的；大的；伟大的；重大的（也用于地名 建筑物名等） eg: Its not a very grand house, just a little cottage. 那不是深宅大院，只不过是个小农舍。slightly adv. a little（ 略微，稍微）eg: slightly bigger house 稍大些的房子
45、slight 不严重的；不重要的；微小的；轻微的eg：a slight slip/error/change/improvement 轻微的失误 /错误/变化/ 改进gently adv. in a gentle way 温柔地；温和地；和缓地eg: speak to sb. gently 对某人轻声细语地谈话gentle adj. 温和的；慈祥的；小心的；温柔的；文雅的；轻轻的eg: a gentle person/manner/voice/look 温和的人/ 举止/ 声音/样子silently adv. 悄悄地；静静地eg: He sat silently by the bed. 他悄悄地
46、坐在床边。silent adj. 寂静的；无声的eg: The children went out, and the room was silent. 孩子们出去了，房间里十分安静。awfully adv. 非常；极其eg: Thanks awfully for the present. 万分感谢您的厚礼 .awful adj. 极坏的；极讨厌的；可怕的 eg: an awful accident/experience/shock/etc. 可怕的事故经历打击等名词转换成动词frost v. 给（糕饼）覆上糖霜eg: She was frosting the chocolate cake. 她
47、在给巧克力饼上糖霜。其他含义： 结霜 eg: The car windscreen frosted over during the night. 汽车的挡风玻璃在夜间结了霜。frost n. 霜 eg: The windscreen was covered with frost. 挡风玻璃上结了霜。position v. 安置；安装；使处于eg: position the aerial for the best reception 把天线安装在接收效果最好的位置上position n. 位置；方位eg: From his position on the cliff top, he had a
48、good view of the harbour. 他位于悬崖顶上，可以把海湾看得清清楚楚。trumpet v. 发出喇叭声eg: If an elephant trumpets, it makes a loud noise. 大象叫的声音很大。trumpet n. 小号；喇叭 eg: hear a distant trumpet 听到远处的小号声gesture v. 做手势；用手势表示eg: He gestured （to me） that it was time to go. 他向我示意该走了。gesture n. 姿势；手势eg: make a rude gesture 做出粗野的姿势s
49、torm v. 气呼呼地疾走eg: After the argument she stormed off. 经过争论之后她愤然离开。storm n. 风暴；暴风雨；暴风雪；雷暴天气eg: a thunder-/wind-/rain-/snow-/dust-/sand-storm 雷暴/ 风暴 /雨暴 /雪暴 /尘暴 /沙暴Text B The CakeCindy glanced nervously at the clock on the kitchen wall. Five minutes before midnight.蛋糕辛迪紧张地瞥了一眼挂在厨房墙壁上的时钟，还有 5 分钟就到午夜了。“They sho
