1、 （一）Sleep is not the same every night. We experience some deep sleep and some active sleep(积极睡眠), which is when dreams happen. You might think sleepwalking(梦游) would happen in active sleep, but a person isnt physically active d 86 active sleep. Sleepwalking usually happens in the first few hours of
2、sleep in the stage called slow-wave(慢波)or deep sleep. Not all sleepwalkers a 87 walk. Some simply sit up or stand in bed or act like theyre awake when, in fact, theyre asleep! Most, however, do get up and move around for a few seconds or for as long as half an hour.Sleepwalkers e 88 are open, but th
3、ey dont see the same way they do when theyre awake and often think theyre in different rooms of the house or different places altogether. Sleepwalkers tend(往往会) to go back to bed on their own and they wont r 89 it in the morning. Doctors say sleepwalking sometimes occurs when a person is sick, has a
4、 fever, is not getting e 90 sleep, or is stressed. If sleepwalking occurs frequently, every night or so, its a good idea for your mom or dad to take you to see your doctor. But occasional(偶然的) sleepwalking generally isnt something to worry about, a 91 “ it may look funny or even scary (惊恐的) for the
5、people who see a sleepwalker in action.Its important, of course, that the person is kept safe. Precautions(预防措施) should be t 92 so the person is less likely to fall down, run into something, or walk out the front door while sleepwalking.（二）Everyone needs sleep. In fact, all living things need sleep.
6、 Having a sound and good rest m_86_ us healthy. It is believed that our brain develops best during sleep. It helps all our systems work well w_87_ we are awake. Sleep allows our brain to reorganize all events during the day and will improve our memory development.For a student, eight to ten hours of
7、 sleep is required to give him or her e_88_ for the following day. A good sleep allows them to grow physically and mentally (心理上).With e_89_ sleep at night, students would be able to wake up early and be ready for school activities. They will be able to listen carefully in class and would have the a
8、bility to memorize the things that they learn and r_90_ them in the future.Eight hours of sleep makes students active t_91_ the whole day at school. They would be able to perform well in class, take down notes and finish their homework. When they have slept well, they can e_92_ understand their less
9、ons. Good sleep prepares them well for the challenges (挑战) at school, from paperwork to sports. They will be ready to solve difficult tasks that require mental ability and skills.（三）Anger (生气 ) is a kind of feeling. Many things can make you angry. When your teacher gives you too much homework, when
10、your team loses an important game, when your friend b _86_ your favourite thing and then breaks it, you may get really angry.Usually, your body will tell you when you are angry. For example, you breathe much f_87_, your face turns red and you may want to break something or hit someone, but sometimes
11、, you hide your anger. For example, you may hide it in your h_88_ . The problem is that if you do this, you may get a headache or your stomach may hurt.2014 上海中考英语首字母填空专项练习In fact, its not good to hide your anger, and its normal for you to get angry sometimes. But anger must be let out in the right
12、way, without hurting o_ 89 _or yourself. Let me give you some advice.When you get angry, you can talk about it with other people. Its helpful to talk about your anger with other people, such as p_90_, teachers, good friends etc. When you talk about anger, those b_91_feelings can start to go away. On
13、 the other hand, when you start to feel angry, you can do some other things: count from 1 to 100; go for a bike ride; think about good things, etc.Dont let your anger c 92 you. Remember that how you act when you are anger can make everything better or worse.（四）In the middle of the 1800s, France was
14、considered the most important place in the world for art. One reason for that was the Academy, a government organization with some strict r_86_ _ about art. It decided what could and could not be art. In order to be accepted by the Academy, an artist had to be very talented. Artists also had to pain
15、t exactly the way the Academy wanted them to. A brave group of painters challenged(挑战)these ideas and changed art f_87_Each year, the Academy had an exhibition of the art they had decided was the best. In 1864, a group of artists became a _88_ because they didnt get into the show. They felt that the
16、ir paintings were not bad; the paintings were just different. After complaining to the government, these artists were given their own show.The Academy thought all art should look realistic(逼真).But these artists were more interested in trying to show movement and the bright colors of daylight. In the
17、ir opinion, it was more real to show these than it was to paint a scene(场景 )which was as s_89_as a photo. It was also more interesting to show all of the different colours when light hits an object like water.By 1874, many different artists were painting in this new style, including Claude Monet. On
18、e of his paintings had the title, Impression: sunrise. A critic(评论家)h_90_these new artists. He used Monets title to make fun of these painters by calling them“Impressionists（印象派） ”，meaning that they didnt make real paintings. The critics who liked these artists thought the word was just right. They
19、began to use it happily. They thought it was more important to paint h_91_they saw things instead of just what they saw. Other artists around the world felt that they could have this freedom as well. Because of the impressionists, the art w_92_was never the same.（五）Once my mother told me a story. In
20、 Africa, when an antelope (羚羊) wakes up every morning, the first thing it thinks about is, “ I must be able to run faster than the fastest lion, or I will be k_. ” At the same time, a lion wakes from his dream. The first thing the lion thinks about is, “I must be able to catch the s_ antelope, or I
21、will die of hunger.” So, almost at the same time, the antelope and the lion get up and start running toward the rising sun.This is life: full of chances and challenge (挑战). Whether you are an antelope or a lion, you must go a_ when the sun rises. For students, it is just the same. If we do not study
22、 hard, sooner or later, we will fall b_ the other students. At first, I did not know what the word “exam” meant. Later I knew an exam was a kind of competition. In competitions, there are always w_ and losers. As I grew up, I got to know competition well. In ones life, there must be competitions, so
23、 people can improve.Each time I saw children playing games and heard their laughter, I wished I were that age again. However, I remembered my parents words: “You must work very hard in order to have a good f_.” So I picked up my pen and began to study hard again.I was still not sure what competition
24、 really meant. One day, I was taking part in an English-speaking competition. When I went to the stage, I saw other students looking at me kindly. I s_ knew what competition was. It is not as cruel as my teacher and parents told me. In fact, competition is the opposite: it is kind and necessary.I le
25、arned a lot from realizing this fact. Now I understand more about the world. Competition is important for us all.（六）I recently heard a story about a famous scientist. Because of his great achievement, he was thought to be more creative than the average person. When he was ask w 86 he was able to do
26、this ,he gave the answer . It all came from an e 87 with his mother when he was about two years old. “I was trying to get a bottle of milk from the fridge when I lost the bottle and it fell, spilling the milk all over the floor a sea of milk! I was f 88 and I didnt know what to do ! “ he said.His mo
27、ther heard the noise and got into the kitchen. “I was c 89 how to explain all this to you ,mom.“ he said . Instead of punishing(惩罚）him, she said “Robert ,what a great mess you have made! I have never seen such a huge sea of milk before! Well, since the milk has a 90 been spilled, would you like to p
28、lay in the milk for a while ? We can it up after that. “ Indeed, he did so. After a few minutes, his mother said, “You know, Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, finally you have to clean it up.“ He used a sponge(海绵）and together they cleaned up the spilled milk .His mother then said ,“you kno
29、w ,we failed in how to successfully carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands just now .Lets go out in the yard and fill the bottle with water to see if you can f 91 a new way to carry it . “Then the little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could
30、 carry it w 92 dropping it.What a wonderful lesson！（七）In the Renaissance Period (文艺复兴时期) (1500-1650), people became interested in higher education. They wanted to learn the a_ languages such as Greek and Latin- languages that were used in the old times, and study mathematics, science, and so on. Man
31、y universities were set up during the 16th century.University education was a privilege (特权) of the rich. Girls were not allowed to attend and poor people could not a_ to go. A member of a wealthy family could attend university at the age of ten. He might study in different universities and since th
32、e teaching was all d_ in Latin, it didnt matter which country he studied in. It was not unusual for a young boy study one year in Italy and another in France without speaking either French or Italian.It was p_ in the 16th century to complete university without learning how to read or write. Since bo
33、oks were handwritten, there was not enough to give o_ to each student. Often, only the teacher had a book. He would read to the students who would memorize what he said. Tests were oral, not written, In fact, many students finished school without ever writing a word.For the not so wealthy, grammar s
34、chools were built in towns. They learned basic grammar and mathematics, and took part in Bible study, At home, girls learned washing, cooking, dancing, and the basics of taking care of a household. Poor children r_ attended school.The Renaissance was a time when learners did not simply accept what t
35、hey were old. They did scientific experiments themselves to search for a_ to the mysteries (神秘) of the space. Copernicus calculated that the Earth turned around the sun but was afraid to publish his works for fear that the Church would punish (惩罚) him. Galileo later supported this. The watch, the te
36、lescope and some others were some inventions of this period.（八）In the movie 2012, the volcano (火山) in Yellowstone National Park erupts (爆发) , smoke flies thousands of meters into the air, and car-sized pieces of stone and ash fly out.Now, some scientists say, its very possible that the Yellowstone v
37、olcano will soon erupt in r 86 life for the fourth time in history, after about 640,000 years. According to the Daily Mail, the volcano in the Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, US, has been rising at a record rate since 2004. Its magma (岩浆) surface has gone u 87 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) per year
38、 over the last three years alone. This rise is one of the main s 88 that a volcano is about to erupt. However, scientists are not certain when the eruption will happen or what it will cause.Unlike what happens in the movie 2012, a volcano eruption would not destroy the whole world, b 89 it could cau
39、se huge damage to people living nearby. For example, the 2010 eruption of the Iceland Volcano caused more than 800 people to 1 90 their homes and many airports in European countries to shut down for a few days.There are more than 1,500 active volcanoes in the world. A volcano is c 91 active if it ha
40、s erupted at least once during the last 10, 000 years. In ancient times, more than 80 percent of the earths surface was volcanic. Volcanic eruptions formed the sea floor and some mountains over many years. Gas from volcanoes formed the earths atmosphere (大气) .Volcanoes come from very hot liquid rock
41、, that is magma, inside the earth. When magma comes upward and breaks through the earths surface, it forms volcanoes.The rising magma heats water, which leads to explosions of steam. This pushes rocks and ash high into the sky. T 92 different things erupt from a volcano; hot liquid rock, volcanic as
42、h and gases.（九）According to experts, the word Hutong originated from Mongolian language meaning “Well“ (井). In ancient times, people tended to gather and live around wells. So the original meaning of Hutong should be “a place where people gather and live.“ But Hutong first a_86_ in Beijing during th
43、e Yuan Dynasty. The old city was completely destroyed during the war. First, they had to find a center, and then built a r_87_ square city. At that time, there was a clear definition for “Avenue, Street and Hutong”. A 37-metre-wide road was called an avenue, an 18-metre-wide one was called a street,
44、 and a 9-metre-wide lane was called a Hutong. Most of todays Hutong were formed during the Ming and Qing Dynasties that followed. Nobody knows e_88_ how many Hutongs there are in nowadays Beijing. But if we connected all the Hutongs together, their total l_89_ would even be longer than the famous Gr
45、eat wall, which is about 4000 miles.Today you can find v_90_ Hutongs with different shapes, lengths or directions. The shortest one is only 40 centimeters wide. And some Hutongs have more than 20 turns.As we walk t_91_ the Hutongs, you may find most of them look almost the same with gray-colored wal
46、ls and bricks. Actually inside those walls are the courtyard houses, where people live. In Chinese we call them “Siheyuan“. “Si“ literally means four, “he“ means to surround, and “yuan“ refers to the courtyard. So a rectangular wall enclosing four houses, one built on each side facing into the cente
47、r, is called a Siheyuan. When they were first built, usually one Siheyuan was o_92_ by only one family, but nowadays, with the growth of the population, most Siheyuans are shared by 4 to 10 families. （十）Wendy Martin is an ordinary university student who used to love surfing the Internet and chatting
48、 (聊天) with friends online. She often spent much of her free time talking with her family and making new friends online. Then something a 86 happened. It completely changed Wendys feelings about the Internet.One of Wendys favourite things to do online was to visit the chat rooms on music websites. Everyone there loved chatting about recent concerts and what the famous s 87 were going to do next. It was here that Wendy first met Anne. The two women liked each other immediately. Soon they exchanged e-mail addresses and were communicating online every day.Wendy e 88 talking to h
