1、Book 3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars,语言点用法过关1. harmful adj.有害的 教材原句 What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water al- lowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 很多科学家相信,由于地球上长期有水存在,使地球得以把有害气 体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。,语境应用 单句填空 As we all know
2、, a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to ones health. As far as Im concerned, there is no harm (harmful) in making an apology to him first. 一句多译 那时我意识到浪费时间玩电脑游戏对我的学习和健康是有害的。 (2015重庆写作一) Then I realized that wasting time in playing computer games,was harmful to my study and health,did harm to my stu
3、dy and health,was bad for my study and health,用法点拨 (1)be harmful to.对有害 (2)harm n. 损害 do harm to sb.=do sb. harm 对某人有害 There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事没有坏处 (3)harmless adj. 无害的,2. exist vi.存在;生存 教材原句 They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. 它们也下蛋,并且在地球上存在了1亿4千多万
4、年。 语境应用 单句填空 Even though he is a little boy, strange ideas always exist in his mind. The old lady became seriously ill last week;she has only existed on milk ever since. There exists (exist)a good way to solve the problem at present. 完成句子 Scientists have many theories about how the universe came int
5、o existence . 关于宇宙是如何产生的,科学家们有多种学说。,用法点拨 (1)exist in 存在于之中 exist on 靠为生 There exists/existed.某地有 (2)existence n.存在;生存 in existence 存在 come into existence 产生;开始存在 点津 exist是不及物动词,没有被动语态,也不用于进行时态。,3. puzzle v.使迷惑;使为难;使困惑 n.谜;难题 教材原句 How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists
6、found hard to solve.地球上生命的起源是科学家们难以解决的最大疑惑之一。 语境应用 单句填空 The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident happened. Ive been trying to puzzle out why shes so upset. Tom seemed puzzled (puzzle)about what the question meant. 单句改错 Her puzzling look on her face suggested she didnt understand wha
7、t I said. puzzlingpuzzled,用法点拨 (1)puzzle over/about sth.苦苦思索 puzzle sth. out 琢磨出的答案 (2)puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的 (常用来修饰人或人的表情) puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的 (常用来修饰事物),1. in time 及时;终于;迟早;最后 教材原句They were in time to produce carbon dioxide,nitrogen,water vapour and other gases,which were to make the earths atmosphere.
8、 它们最终产生了 二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。 语境应用 写出下列各句中in time的含义 Andy knew he could not reach the house in time. 及时 Youll succeed in time because you are always working hard. 迟早 Working hard made him successful in time. 最后,句型转换 The activity is so meaningful that we will never forget it. The activity is
9、 so meaningful that at no time will we forget it. (用at no time改写) 用法点拨 in no time立刻;马上 at no time决不(放在句首时,句子用部分倒装) at a time每次;依次 at one time曾经;一度 at the same time同时 from time to time有时;偶尔 take ones time别着急;慢慢来 kill time消磨时间,2. in ones turn轮到某人 教材原句 Thus they have,in their turn,become the most impor
10、tant animals on the planet.于是,轮到它们成为这个行星上最重要的动物。 语境应用 单句填空 People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in turn creates more problems. I think its my turn to drive (drive) the kids to school this week.,It turned out that this young man was lazier than the old ma
11、ns son. 写作微练 When it was my turn, I was too excited to speak . 当轮到我时,我激动得都说不出话来了。 用法点拨 in turn 依次;轮流;转而;相应地 by turns 轮流地;交替地 take turns to do/(in)doing sth. 轮流做某事 It is ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了 It turns/turned out that.结果,3. cheer up(使)高兴;(使)振奋;感到高兴;感到振奋 教材原句 I cheered up immediately and floate
12、d weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.我立刻感到 很高兴,由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去,我望着(身后的)地球越来越 小,而(前方的)月球越来越大。 语境应用 单句填空 Upon arriving at the classroom, the author was cheered up by awarm welcome. They do this in order to encourage the crowds to cheer their
13、 sports team on .,单句改错 When Im feeling sad my mother tells me funny stories to cheer up. cheer后加 me 用法点拨 (1)cheer sb. up使某人振作起来 cheer sb. on为某人加油 (2)Cheers!口语(用于祝酒)干杯! (3)cheering adj.鼓舞人心的 cheering news鼓舞人心的消息,4. now that既然 教材原句 “Oh dear,”I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravi
14、ty has changed.” “天哪,”我大声说,“重力改变了,看来走路也的确需 要练一练了。” 语境应用 完成句子 Now that/Since you have got the chance (既然你得到了这个机会), you had better make full use of it. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet (因为地面是湿的).,写作微练 既然我们制订了计划,我们就应该坚持执行。(2016浙江书面表达)Now that/Since we have made a plan, we should st
15、ick to it. 用法点拨,1. 倍数+as.as. 教材原句But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时,我发觉我被送出去很远, 步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。 语境应用 单句填空 This book is twice thicker (thick)than that one. The worlds population has grown to more than six times what it
16、was in 1800.,一句多译 最近发现的一颗行星几乎是地球的三倍大。 A planet discovered recently is almost three times as large as the earth. A planet discovered recently is almost three times bigger than the earth. A planet discovered recently is almost three times the size of the earth.,用法点拨 twice as far as是倍数的表示方法,意为“是的两倍远”。
17、联想 常见的倍数表达法: .倍数+as+adj./adv.+as. .倍数+比较级+than. .倍数+the+size/weight/length.+of. .倍数+what从句,2. make it+adj./n.+to do sth. 教材原句This produced a chain reaction,which made it possible for life to develop. 这就产生了一个连锁反应,使生命的发展成为可能。 语境应用 单句改错 The sun heats the earth, which makes it possible for plants grow.
18、plants后加to The girl knows three foreign languages, which makes its easier for her to find a good job. itsit,一句多译 精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。 Mastering the technology makes it possible for us to use the Internet more effectively . Mastering the technology makes it possible that we can use the Internet more effectively . 写作微练 你最好定下规矩,每天都练习说普通话(Mandarin)。(2015四川书面表达)You had better make it a rule to practise speaking Mandarin every day. (make it a rule),用法点拨 该句型中it为形式宾语,代替后面的不定式结构,形容词或名词为宾语补 足语。 联想 在该句型中,有时动词不定式结构可换为that引导的宾语从句。,
