1、1高中英语之“主谓一致” (Andy 整理)（*）主谓一致的概念。所谓主谓一致是指“主语和谓语动词”之间,即（主语的人称和单复数形式）决定着（谓语动词对应的形式） 。（1）主谓一致的种类一、 【语法一致】1. 两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1) 如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用 复数。He and she _both students of this school. 他和她都是这个学校的学生。（2）如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。The singer and dancer_ going
2、 to give us a performance. 那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。The knife and fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。2. 如果主语是的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。When he is coming seems very important. 他什么时候要来看起来很重要。Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好。To love her is not to break her wings. 爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。.3. 定语从句的在从句中作主语时，要与的人称和数保持一致。Those who en
3、joy singing may join us.Tom, who is your friend, should help you.with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数而变化。例如：The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street. 老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。二、意义一致原则指主谓一致取决于主语的其实际意
4、义。 （有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。 ）不定代词 all, more, some, any, none 作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。All of the apples _rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。All of the apple _rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。 None of the money_ left. 没有剩下一点钱。None of the students _ there. 2没有学生在那里。2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent
5、of; one third of 在句子中加名词作主语的时候,。Half of the students _finished their composition. 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Half of the apple _bad. 一半的苹果坏了。About 60 percent of the students in our school _boys. 我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男生.3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有 public, family, cla
6、ss, crowd, population, team, group。His family _going out. 他们全家要外出。His family _all music lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。4. 某些名词如 people, police, cattle 等,形式上是单数, 但意义上是复数 , 谓语动词应用复数。people 指“民族”时是例外。The police are searching for a thief.The cattle are eating grass on the hill.5. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如 someone ,so
7、mebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到。一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors 等。但如果主语用“a kind of
8、, a pair of , a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：The pair of shoes is worn out. 这双鞋破了。The shoes are worn out.鞋子破了。7.某些名词以 s 结尾如 maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一门很有趣的学科。 如：不定代词 each, every, no 所修饰的名词，谓语动词仍用单数形式。every. and every .; each . a
9、nd each .; no . and no . 在以上短语中 and 连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. Each man and each woman is asked to attend. Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. 班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。No sound and no voice is heard. 听不到任何声音。9. 以 a number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数;
10、以 the number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。3A number of new books are on the desk.The number of students in you class is 50.10. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样, 作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese 等。Not every means is useful. 不是每种方法都好使。Not all means are useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。 11.如果主语有 mor
11、e than one 很多 非常或 many a 许多构成，one and a half 与单数名词组成的短语。尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：More than one student has read the book. Many a girl has been there. 但是， “more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如：More members than one are against your plan. A pair of shoes was on the desk. Many a boy has seen it.
12、 许多孩子都看到了。12. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。Thirty years is not a long time.Roots is a famous American novel.三、就近原则either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or 在句子中连接主语的时候或者在 there be 句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples on the t
13、able.Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.注意事项this kind of book = a book of this kind (这种书) , 其谓语用单数; 短语 this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口语) (这一类人 ), 但 this kind of men 的谓语用单数, men of this kind 和 these kind of men 的谓语用复数, all kinds of 后跟复数名词, 谓语用复数
14、形式。例如：This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.2. 在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如:Between the two windows hangs a picture.3. “分数或百分数 +名词”构成的短语以及由 “ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中 of 后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中
15、心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如:Lots of damage was caused by fire.4About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.和这种情况类似的还有“a number of + 名词复数” 。但是,“the number of + 名词”的中心词却是number。试比较：A number of students have gone to the countryside to help with the
16、 autumn harvest.The number of pages in this book is two hundred.a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词, 其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。A large quantity of people is needed here.quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如:Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.短语 in quantity, in large quantities 意为 “大量”; in small
17、quantities 意为“少量” 。 4. a great deal of, a large amount of, 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数。例如:5. 表示数量的 one and a half 后, 名词要用复数形式, 但是其短语作主语时 ,谓语动词用单数形式。例如：One and a half bananas is left on the table. 6.单复数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之，谓语用复数形式。这类名词有：sheep, deer, means(方法、手段),works(工厂),species(种类)7.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Between the two windows hangs a picture.
