1、大学 /研究生 /雅思 /托福议论文 15句逻辑框架 A 15-Sentence Solution to Writing 15句写作高级版 第一段 引出话题 表达观点 第 1句引入背景 第 2句交代辩论话题 第 3句表达写作观点 第二段 讲道理 第 4句第一论据，中心句 第 5句进一步具体阐述理由，拓展 第 6句所以，观点成立 第三段 举例子 第 7句第二论据，中心句 第 8句举例，经典个例或排比例证 第 9句例证解释说明 第四段 让步 第 10句讨论反方观点 第 11句反方论据 第 12句驳斥反方或部分同意反方 第五段 结论 第 13句重申写作观点 第 14句不能忽视反方观点 第 15句思想
2、立意提升 Some people think that universities should provide graduates with the knowledge and skils needed in the workplace rather than pure knowledge. To what extent do you agree or disagree. 第 1句：背景介绍 Nowadays, an increasing number of people are concerned about the purpose of university education. 现在，越
3、来越多的人关心大学教育的目的。 Explanation: l Nowadays, an increasing number of people are concerned about the phenomenon that l Nowadays, an increasing number of people are concerned about the purposes that university education serves. l Nowadays, more and more students are concerned about what they will learn in
4、 the universities. l Universities are one of the most important institutions in modern society. 如果很难再短时间内想出第一句内容，就直接表达观点，两句话写完首段。 l I agree with this opinion. Reasons are as folows. 我赞同的观点是 原因如下。 第 2句：交代辩论话题 A. “是否应该 ” However, whether universities should mainly provide job-related skils to graduate
5、s is a controversial issue. 但是，大学是否应该主要提供给学生工作相关的技能是一个饱受争议的话题。 B. “是这样 还是应该那样 ” However, whether universities should mainly provide job-related skils or pure knowledge to graduates has caused a heated debate. 但是，大学是应该主要提供给学生工作相关的技能还是纯粹的知识造成了激烈的争议。 Explanation: However, what kind of knowledge and ski
6、lls universities should mainly provide to graduates is a controversial isue. 但是，大学的应该主要提供给学生哪一种知识技能是一个饱受争议的话题。 第 3句：交代你自己的写作观点 In my view, , My view is that(表语从句 ) My view is that job-related knowledge and skils should be the main focus of universities. 第二段 第 1句：本段中心句 这一段的写作目的是以理服人。用 it is clear tha
7、t这个主语从句写出你认为最重要、最明显的论据。 Firstly, it is obvious that for most students, the purpose of receiving university education is to obtain practical knowledge and skills which will enable them to become qualified employees in the job market in the future. 首先，很显然对大部分学生来说上大学的目的是学习实用的知识技能，这些技能能让他们在将来的职场中成为合格的雇员
8、。 Explanation: l Firstly, it is clear/obvious/true that l Firstly, there is no doubt that l One reason for this is that 第 2句：对中心句进行拓展、解释、说明。 A. This is because这是因为（想上一句话的原因） This is because most of them, after graduation, wil enter the workplace, earn a living, and suport their own families. 这是因为大部分
9、学生毕业之后会进入职场，挣钱谋生，建立家庭。 B. This means that这意味着（想上一句话的结果） This means that the courses focusing on jobs will become the most welcomed subjects which the majority of students wil select. 这意味着那些专注于使用知识的课程会 成为大多数学生选择的热门专业。 C. If not (反正中心句 ) If universities do not pay enough atention to such skils, most g
10、raduates wil not be able to find satisfactory positions in the workplace, leading to a higher unemployment rate. 如果大学不重视这种技能的培养，大部分学生将会很难再职场上找到工作，导致社会失业率 增高。 Explanation: 可用下面的短语拓展解释中心句： l In other words, 换句话说 l More specificaly, 具体来说 l More precisely, 准确点说 第 3句 重申写作观点。其实是对第一段最后一句话，也就是你的写作观点进行改写表达。
11、So universities, as service providers, have to give top priority to these customers real neds. Explanation: 推荐一个固定句型来写本句，让写作更简化： Therefore, it is necesary/crucial/important for sb. to do sth. l Therefore, it is crucial for universities to give top priority to the students real neds. 第三段 第 1句 首句仍是该段中
12、心句，是你绞尽脑汁想出的第二个原因论据。 Moreover, focusing on the job-related skils can benefit the university itself. 另外，关注工作相关的技能能使大学本身受益。 Explanation: 可选用 Moreover, In adition, Besides等词开始。 第 2句 该段第 2句就是举例。 For example, the sci-fi blockbuster “Avatar” has marked a milestone in the filmmaking industry and drawn masi
13、ve interest in 3D technology. 例如，科幻大片阿凡达已成为电影业的一座里程碑，并且激发了大众对 3D技术的广泛兴趣。 Explanation: 如果感觉上面的句子单词太难，我们可以简化为： For example, 3D technology has become a hot topic after the movie “Avatar” made the whole world crazy. 例子 越具体，越国际化，越时尚流行，越好。 第 3句 上一句已经举出了阿凡达和 3D的例子，为什么我们要提这个例子呢 ？接下来的这句话就是要写出我们举这个例子的原因，并证明本段
14、首句的正确性。 If a university can quickly respond, and consolidate teaching resources to offer courses about 3D, not only wil its graduates be more competitive in the job market, but the university itself will kep pace with the technological development and move forward. 如果一所大学能迅速反应，整合教学资源提供 3D相关的课程，那么不仅毕
15、业生在职场上将更有竞争力，大学本身也能跟上技术发展并向前迈进。 Explanation: 这里没有固定句式要用 ， 可随意发挥 ， 要写出例子和中心句之间的联系 。 当然还可以再举一例： Another example is sth. 然后解释说明。 如在考场上实在想不出好的例子或并列例子，该段从第 2句开始参考第二段的写作框架，再讲一次道理。 第四段 第 1句 写让步段落的两大好处： 大多数考生绞尽脑汁也想不出第三个原因论据。我们何不换一个角度，想一想支持反方的一个原因或例子呢，那会容易得多。兼顾了反方观点，不会出现评分标准中因为 partly address the task而丢分的情况。
16、 A. That is not to say that.not . 这并不是说（反方观点完全没有道理） That is not to say that universities should not pay any attention to developing pure science and knowledge. B. It is also true that. (反方观点中的某些方面 )也是事实。 It is also true that universities should develop pure science and knowledge. Explanation: 在讨论优势和
17、劣势的文章中，我们可以直接使用下列句型： l This is not to say, however, that we should neglect the problems it has caused. l But to acknowledge only the positive impact would be short sighted. 第 2句 想反方观点的论据，或在特殊、极端情况下的一些合理性。进一步说明该段第一句话。 There are, of course, students interested in knowledge for its own sake, and they w
18、il later become scientists and scholars who will make greater contributions to our society. Explanation: 可选用 Of course或 Inded开始本句。 第 3句 让步后最终转折。表达“即便如此，反方观点在大多数情况下还是不可行的”或“即使存在上面提到的负面，正面影响仍是大于负面的”。 But unfortunately these people are few and far betwen. Explanation: 可选用 But, However, Yet等词开始本句。 该段为文章
19、次要信息，可点到为止，不可花费过多时间和笔墨纠缠。 实在不知如何反驳了，可用无赖写法：“（虽然反方观点也有道理）但正方观点仍然更有道理。” l But stil, job-related skils are more important for most students. l But stil, the cos are far greater. 其实本句还可以不用反驳，再写反方第二论据，或针对第一论据的拓展、支持、举例。不过这样处理后在结论段要表达相对中立的观点态度。 第五段 第 1句 结论段。重申写作观点。这句话其实是针对首段最后一句话改写。 l In sumary, 总之 l In co
20、nclusion, 总之 In sumary, the major function of universities should be providing most students job-related skils, guaranteing a high rate of employment, and thus helping the society function beter. Explanation: 通常，考官读完一篇作文后印象最深的会是文章中的例子和结尾段。所以该句不是简单的改写，而应是递进或强调。可用强调句型： It is sth. that. 第 2句 照顾反方观点。表达“
21、同时，我们不能忽视反方观点的价值，或低低估某事的负面影响”。 l Meanwhile, 同时 Meanwhile, we should not ignore the other important roles universities are undertaking. Explanation: 模板句式 Meanwhile, we should not ignore/neglect/overlok/underestimatesth.s negative efects. 第 3句 其实末段有了上面两句话已经完整了 。如 果 要 冲 刺 高 分 ，我 们 要 再 加一句话，给文章画一个有力的句号，或提升文章的思想境界，立意升华。 l By doing so we can ensure that l Only by doing so can we make sure that (only在句首注意倒装 )
