1、高二英语预备知识复习,名词性从句,一、名词怎么怎么用？,名词在句中可充当：,1、主语 (subject)：,The games brought us a lot of fun.,2、表语 (predicative)：,His son is a big trouble.,3、宾语 (objective)：,He rested his head against the wall.,4、同位语 (appositive)：,Mrs Whites closest friend, a little dog, died yesterday.,二、什么叫名词性从句？,1. 主语从句（subjective cl
2、ause)：,That he missed such a good chance to take a further study abroad made his mother frustrated.,2. 表语从句 (predicative clause):,The trouble is that he never listens to our suggestions.,3. 宾语从句 (objective clause):,He told me that he had watched the new movie.,Today we are going to talk about how we
3、 should deal with this problem.,4. 同位语 (appositive clause):,The news that the tornado will develop over this area has made all the villagers upset.,名词性从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,判断下列名词性从句的类型：,The parents were surprised that their baby could walk so steadily.,The possibility that our dinner party might
4、be put off makes the children a little upset.,How they broke into our house is still unknown.,The truth is that the five senses are all important to us.,宾从,同位语从句,主语从句,表语从句,The question is why he cheated us.,That we will finish this task by the end of next month is out of question.,All the kids showe
5、d great interest in whether Santa Claus would bring gifts to them.,She refused to answer the question why she got so angry at the meeting.,宾从,同位语从句,主语从句,表语从句,名词性从句的本质：,三种句式充当四种成分,陈述句,一般疑问句,特殊疑问句句,主语,宾语,表语,同位语,三、名词性从句的关系词怎么用？,名词性从句 引导词,that,if/whether,wh-,陈述句,一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,1.名词性从句的that引导陈述句，在从句中不占任何成分。
6、,That we couldnt find our way out was really bad news.,She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man.,The truth is that you did him wrong.,The fact that you did him wrong made him very angry.,2.引导名词性从句的that在非宾语从句中不可省，宾语从句中的that在大多数情况下可省，但也有例外：,A) 介词后的that不可省,The reason lies in that the fog is
7、too thick.,B) 宾语从句有插入成分时，that不可省,He told me that if it rained, he would stay at home.,He told me (that) he would stay at home if it rained.,C) 当多个宾语从句并列时，that不可省,He said that he would be free next week and that he might visit us then.,Nobody knew what had happened and that she was so worried.,3. 介词后
8、的名词性从句（宾从）通常不能由that引导，但in或except后面的名词性从句例外。,The problem lies in that the mist may become a thick fog.,I didnt tell him anything except that I wasnt able to find my way back.,4. reason后面的表语从句只能由that引导，不可用because引导。,The reason why he was late is that his bike broke down on the way.,because?,1. if/whet
9、her引导一般疑问句充当的名词性从句；原先的疑问句语序在从句中应转换为陈述句语序。,She wondered. Would the buses still be running?,She wondered if/whether the buses would still be running.,2. 下列情况只用whether，不用if：,Whether it is going to clear up keeps me wondering.,The trouble is whether he would help us.,The result whether he is able to pas
10、s the exam is still unknown.,A) 引导非宾语从句时,只用whether：,Whether it is in summer or in winter, Hainan is a good place to be.,B) 介词后的宾语从句只用whether.,She isnt certain about whether she has done anything wrong.,C) 跟or 连用时通常用whether.,I want to know whether or not the train goes to King Street.,The teacher ask
11、ed me whether I went to school by bike or by bus.,1.名词性从句的疑问词引导疑问句，在从句中要占成分。,2.疑问词引导的名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。,3.在任何情况下引导名词性从句的疑问词都不可省。,I cant understand what he said.,I cant understand why he was late.,四、三个重要的相关问题,一、比较同位语从句和定语从句：,The fact that Polly told us is true.B)The fact that Polly didnt ask forthe mans
12、name is a pity.,定语从句,同位语从句,The suggestion that you made at the meeting sounds reasonable.B)The suggestion that we should go there by taxi sounds reasonable.,定语从句,同位语从句,The reason why he refused to answer the question is quite clear.B) All the workers dont believe the reason that he explained to them
13、 yesterday.C) He got here late for the reason that he had missed the early bus.,定语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句和定语从句的区别：,同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的具体解释；定语从句是对先行词的修饰限定。同位语从句的引导词that不占成分；定语从句的引导词that在从句中占成分。同位语从句的引导词that不可换成which,不可省略；定语从句的引导词that有时可换成which,有时可省。,二、与形式主语(宾语)结构的转换,1.主语从句和形式主语的转换,That Tom always gets up at 6
14、:00 a.m., finishes school at 5:00 p.m. and goes to bed at 10:00 p.m. is a rule.,It is a rule that Tom always gets up at 6:00 a.m., finishes school at 5:00 p.m. and goes to bed at 10:00 p.m,常见的形式主语结构：It is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道It is known to us that 众所周知It is commonly thought that普遍认为It
15、 is very clear that 很明显,2.宾语从句和形式宾语的转换,We think that we should try our best to prevent the people in this area cutting down trees necessary.,We think it necessary that we should try our best to prevent the people in this area cutting down trees.,三. -ever系列的复合不定代词,引导名词性从句的意义“任何”,Id like to do whatever I like.,Whoever is late cant go unpunished.,Pick out whosever covers are broken.,引导状语从句的意义“无论”,However hard the job is, I wont give up.,=No matter how hard the job is, I wont give up.,
