1、 温排水论文：温排水对象山港浮游生态系统的影响及其围隔实验研究【中文摘要】电厂温排水对海洋生态系统的影响是目前海洋环境科学与海洋管理的重要问题之一,所以电厂温排水对受纳海域生态系统的影响逐渐引起重视。电厂温排水导致受纳海域环境的变化,进而影响到海洋生态系统的基本结构和功能。电厂温排水对海洋生态系统的影响主要是水体温度的升高。为了定量评价电厂温排水造成的生态损失、维持生态系统的健康水准和受损海洋生态系统的重建提供科学依据,探索电厂温排水对浮游生态系统结构和功能的损害机理。在科技部海洋公益性行业科研专项资金项目-滨海电厂污染损害监测评估及生态补偿技术研究的资助下,本文以浙江省象山港宁海国华电厂附近
2、海域为例,通过室内模拟实验和调查监测,并利用围隔实验生态学的方法研究浮游生态系统对温排水的响应。比较分析浮游生态系统结构和功能参数的变化,评价该电厂附近海域浮游生态系统的健康状况,深入探讨海洋浮游生态系统对电厂温排水的响应过程和机制。本文的主要研究内容和结果是:1、通过室内热模拟实验,在理想条件下研究了水体温度升高对象山港浮游生物优势种中肋骨条藻、琼氏圆筛藻和太平洋纺锤水蚤的生长速率和死亡率等影响,分析探讨了优势种对水体温度升高的响应机制。发现象山港浮游生物优势种中肋骨条藻和琼氏圆筛藻的最适生长温度为分别为 26和 27。太平洋纺锤水蚤在水温 33的热冲击下,死亡率高达 80%。2、在现场的条
3、件下,利用围隔实验生态学的方法研究海洋浮游生态系统对温排水的响应。比较浮游生态系统结构和功能参数的变化,分析电厂温排水对围隔中的浮游生态系统的生产者浮游植物、初级消费者浮游动物和分解者细菌的损害程度。(1)在 25.2026.40范围内,0.25的温升对围隔中各个粒径浮游生物的生物量,呼吸率和初级生产率的影响均不明显。(2)在 25.2026.40范围内,0.52的温升对围隔中小型和微型浮游生物的呼吸率和初级生产率均有一定的促进作用,但对其生物量的影响均不明显,对微微型浮游生物的生物量,呼吸率和初级生产率的影响都不明显。(3)在 25.2026.40范围内,0.52的温升使得围隔中浮游生态系统
4、的 TPP/TR(总初级生产量与总呼吸量的比值)和周转率分别提高了 1.2 倍和 1.5 倍,即提高该浮游生态系统的成熟度和代谢速率。3、现场综合调查监测研究宁海国华电厂象山港海域环境和资源的变动情况以及影响因子,对电厂温排水引起的生态结构变化的程度、影响范围和趋势性影响做出分析和评价。结果表明,离电厂越近的站点浮游生物的种类、生物量、香浓多样性指数越低,即是电厂温排水在一定程度上降低了浮游生物群落的多样性和生物量,甚至使得某些种类消失。温排水对浮游生态系统的影响程度的总体趋势为 M1 比 M2 显著。4、围隔生态实验和现场调查监测对浮游生态系统的结构和功能参数总体趋势分别是促进和抑制,表明这
5、两区域之间的温度分布场存在一个浮游生态系统最适温度值。在后续研究中,需要结合温度分布和余氯分布来分析该现象。5、为定量评价电厂温排水造成的生态损失、维持生态系统的健康水准和受损海洋生态系统的重建提供科学依据,探索电厂温排水对浮游生态系统结构和功能的损害机理。【英文摘要】Affects of thermal effluent from power plant on the marine ecosystem is one of the important issues of the marine environmental science and marine management. Theref
6、ore, it was gradually attracted peoples attention. The marine environment of around the sea area was changed by thermal effluent from power plant, then, the basic structure and function of the marine ecosystem was affected. There mainly is elevation of water temperature. In order to quantitatively e
7、valuate the ecological damage caused by thermal effluent from power plant to maintain ecosystem health standards and the reconstruction of damaged marine ecosystems provide a scientific basis, then explore damage mechanism of the effect of thermal effluent from power plant on structure and function
8、of the planktonic ecosystem. Under the funding of Marine Scientific Research Ministry of Science and Industry in the special fund for public welfare projects - monitoring and evaluation of coastal power plant pollution and ecological damage compensation technology, in this paper, take example of aro
9、und the sea area of Ninghai Guohua power plants in Xiang Shan Bay in Zhejiang province, investigation through laboratory simulation and monitoring f by mesocosm experiments of pelagic ecology of ecosystem response to the thermal effluent from power plant. Comparative analysis parameter changes of st
10、ructure and function of planktonic ecosystem. Establish biomass spectrum of plankton in Xiang Shan Bay, and evaluate health of pelagic ecosystem around the power plant by using method of indicators of the structure and function. Explore the response of marine planktonic ecosystem processes and mecha
11、nisms.The main research contents and results as follows:1.Through thermal simulation experiments under ideal conditions, the effect of elevation of water temperature on the Growth rate and mortality of Skeletonema costatum and Coscinodiscus jonesianus was studied. The response mechanism of the domin
12、ant species on the elevation of water temperature was analyzed. The result showed that optimum growth temperature of Skeletonema costatum and Coscinodiscus jonesianus are 26a nd 27.In the thermal shock of 33, the mortality rate of Acartia pacifica steuer as high as 80%.2.In the field conditions, res
13、ponse of marine planktonic ecosystem to thermal was studied by the method of mesocosm experimental. Comparison of parameter changes of structure and function of planktonic ecosystem, analysis level of damage of the producers of phytoplankton, the primary consumers of zooplankton and bacterial decomp
14、osition of planktonic ecosystem in the enclosure to thermal from power plant.(1)In the range of 25.20 26.40, effects of 0.25warming on the B, R and P of all plankton were not obvious, 0.52warming can elevate the R,P of microplankton and Nano-phytoplankton.(2) In the range of 25.20 26.40, effects of
15、0.52warming on the B, R and P of picoplankton were not obvious. (3) In the range of 25.20 26.40, The TPP/TR and turnover rate in the planktonic ecosystem were increased of 1.2 times and 1.5 times, separately3.Comprehensive survey and monitoring of site power plant in Xiang Shan Bay Ninghai Guohua ch
16、anges in the environment and resources and the impact factor of thermal from power plant caused by changes in ecological structure of the degree of scope and trend analysis and assessment of impact. The results showed that the more power from the power plant site near the type of plankton, biomass,
17、Shannon diversity index, the lower, that is, the thermal effluent from power plant to some extent reduce the plankton community diversity and biomass, Even make certain species disappear.The overall trend of thermal effluent on planktonic ecosystems is the M1 over M2.4.Mesocosm experiments and field
18、 ecological survey and monitoring of the pelagic ecosystem structure and function parameters and the overall trend is promote and suppression, respectively, indicating that there is a field optimum temperature of planktonic ecosystem in the temperature distribution between the two regions. In the fo
19、llow-up study, requires a combination of temperature distribution and the distribution of chlorine to analyze the phenomenon.5. Thermal from power plant in the quantitative evaluation of the ecological damage caused to maintain ecosystem health standards and the reconstruction of damaged marine ecos
20、ystems provide a scientific basis to explore the thermal from power plant on the planktonic ecosystem structure and function of the damage mechanism.【关键词】温排水 围隔 浮游生态系统 象山港【英文关键词】Thermal effluent Enclosure Pelagic ecosystem Xiang Shan Bay【目录】温排水对象山港浮游生态系统的影响及其围隔实验研究 摘要 4-6 ABSTRACT 6-7 第一章 绪论 10-17 1
21、.1 前言 10 1.2 研究背景 10-12 1.2.1 电厂温排水的概念 10-11 1.2.2 宁海国华电厂附近海域的生态特征 11-12 1.3 研究现状 12-16 1.3.1 围隔实验的研究 12-13 1.3.2 温排水对海洋生态系统结构与功能的影响 13-16 1.4 研究内容与目的 16-17 第二章 材料与方法 17-31 2.1 室内热模拟实验 17-19 2.1.1 浮游生物优势种的分离纯化 17-18 2.1.2 室内热模拟实验的实施 18-19 2.2 围隔生态实验 19-25 2.2.1 围隔装置的设计 19-20 2.2.2 围隔站位的分布 20-21 2.2.
22、3 围隔实验的实施 21-22 2.2.4 样品采集与测定 22-25 2.3 电厂附近海域调查监测 25-29 2.3.1 基本情况 25 2.3.2 调查区域 25-26 2.3.3 监测项目 26 2.3.4 测定方法 26-29 2.4 数据分析方法 29-31 2.4.1 群落参数统计方法 29-30 2.4.2 PRIMER 软件的介绍 30-31 第三章 象山港浮游生态系统结构对温排水的响应 31-47 3.1 象山港浮游生态系统理化环境特征 31-33 3.2 初级生产者对温排水的响应 33-43 3.2.1 浮游植物群落的粒级结构 33-34 3.2.2 浮游植物群落的物种多
23、样性 34-42 3.2.3 浮游植物群落的演替 42-43 3.3 初级消费者对温排水的响应 43-46 3.3.1 浮游动物群落的物种多样性 43-44 3.3.2 浮游动物群落的演替 44-46 3.4 分解者对温升的响应 46-47 第四章 象山港浮游生态系统功能对温排水的响应 47-55 4.1 一些重要生态过程中速率参数的定量 47-52 4.1.1 生态呼吸率与初级生产率 47-48 4.1.2 中肋骨条藻的丰度 48-50 4.1.3 琼氏圆筛藻的丰度 50-51 4.1.4 太平洋纺锤水蚤的死亡率 51-52 4.2 浮游生态系统的总体特征 52-53 4.2.1 浮游生态系统的成熟度与周转率 52-53 4.3 围隔浮游生态系统物质与能量分配 53-55 4.3.1 经典食物链和微生物链的能量分配 53-54 4.3.2 围隔浮游生态系统的物质分配 54-55 第五章 结论与展望 55-57 参考文献 57-60 致谢 60-61 硕士期间的主要科研情况 61
