1、http:/- 1 -中国科技论文在线基于权重和适合因子的 WSN 节能分簇路由算法 文 *作者简介： 文(1987-) 线 . E-mail: 5（太原理工大学 测控技术研究所，太原 030024）摘要：通过分析传统的分簇式路由算法LEACH的优缺点，提出了一种基于权重和适合因子的WSN节能分簇路由算法(WF-EECA)。在簇首的选择机制中引入了权重因子W作为调节参数进行簇首选举，并引用层次分析法 (Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP) 确定出了权值系数；在非簇首节点的归属机制中引入了成簇适合因子F，考虑了候选簇首的剩余能量，10与基站的距离以及节点与簇首间的距离等
2、因素，同时簇首与基站之间的数据传输也利用权重的思想由传统的单跳改为单跳与多跳结合的方式，仿真结果表明，该算法能有效平衡节点的通信能耗，显著延长了整个网络的寿命。关键词：无线传感器网络；LEACH；分簇算法；权重；适合因子；多跳中图分类号：TP39315Weight and Fitness-based Energy-Efficient Clustering routing Algorithm for WSNXIA Jiwen, MA Fuchang, QIAO Xuegong(Institute of Measuring and Controlling Technology of TYUT,Ta
3、iyuan 030024)20 Abstract: Through the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of traditional clustering algorithm LEACH, this paper proposes an Weight and Fitness-based and Energy-Efficient Clustering routing Algorithm for WSN(WF-EECA). In the cluster-heads selection mechanism , weight factor W
4、 is introduced as adjusting parameter to choose cluster-heads, and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process, the AHP) is also citied to work out weight coefficients; In the attribution 25 mechanism of non cluster-head node ,the clustering clustering factor F is introduced, considering cluster-heads factors o
5、f remaining energy, distance between cluster-head and base station and nodes; Meanwhile，weight is also used in the data transmission between cluster-head and base station, by the way of multi-hop and single-hop instead of single-hop. The simulation result shows that this algorithm effectively reduce
6、s the communication energy consumption and achives an 30 obvious improvement on the network lifetime.Key words: WSN ;LEACH ; clustering algorithm;weight; fitness factor;multi-hop0 在 35 线 线 1(Wireless Sensor Network WSN) 国 线 线 2 技 40在 中 LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) LEACH-C3 DCHS4
7、ECMR5 HEED6 在LEACH http:/- 2 -中国科技论文在线45 在 文 (WF-EECA) 在 中 在 中 50 在 中 线 1 1.1 LEACH 55 LEACH(Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) LEACH 在 0 1 60 在 TDMA( ) 在 LEACH LEACH LEACH 65 在 中 在 2 WSN (WF-EECA)70 2.1 W LEACH 在 中 75 sink 在 ()Wi(1) 1234().() ()(, ()o nav iEiSDWiwwTidisbweiNhttp:/- 3 -中国科技论文
8、在线中 (1) 1 (Analytic 1w480 Hierarchy Process, AHP) 7 中 Step1 1 Step2 Step3 85 Step 4 RI Step 5 Step 6 90951 Fig.1 Hierarchical structure model of cluster-head selection(2) Eo(i) S(i).E Eav i100 S(i).E Eo(i)-S(i).E Eav (3) T(i) i(4) (5) (,)disbi ()nDii iNi /iN105 (6) ()ei(3) i()Wi中 k( ) i iN110 = , (2
9、) ()Nj1().0&,SjEdisRj 10nijj8R= j i 2CHD0 j CH(3)i1()0resavEeiothwiresEavABChttp:/- 4 -中国科技论文在线115 2.2 F ( )ID CR在 中 中 LEACH中 9-10 120 1 A B C BS A B 2dC 1disd i s2AB Sd1BCd2d i s12 LEACH 125 Fig.2 Scheme of the clustering problem of LEACH文 F 3 在 中 在 中 130 (4) min_12 3max_ax_(,)(,)1(,) ()j jborj jcb
10、diCHdsEFiff fCHA中 (1) (2) ,jiij,jdiidmax_c=max (3) j (,)j (,)jCHs=max =min (4) max_b(,)jbsmin_bd,j oErj(5) 13f135 join-c ID ID join-c 在 11 3 140 2 (5) (5)max_()tobsrodEWeight中 Sink r _tobsdmaxdSink http:/- 5 -中国科技论文在线145 IDWeightWeightSink BS 150 在 - ( 中 线) C H 2C H 3C H 1C H 4C H 53 - Fig.3 Scheme
11、of single-multi hop between clusters155 4 4.1 文 文 4 线 在 中 d d160 = 中 crosvefsampfsampcrosved 2dcrosved 4d87.7 m 在 k(6)(,)()(,)TXTXelcTXampEkEd24,elcfscrosvelampkEd165 (7)RRelcelck(8)(,)DAdakE/ 210()fspJbit 40.13ampJbit50elcEnJbit 5dEn4.2 170 文 100 在 Matl 20http:/- 6 -中国科技论文在线中 (50,175) 1J 4 5% =4000
12、 packetLnghbit=100 中 ctrPaketLnghbitID 1754 Fig.4 Scheme of distribution of sensor nodes4.3 文 2 LEACH 180 LEACH-M 5 2000 10 WF-EECA LEACH LEACH-M FND WF-EECA LEACH LEACH-M254% 150% HNA 2 论 WF-EECA 185 中 0200400600800100012001400仿仿仿仿(仿)LEACHLEACH-MWF-EECA252353883 8961209FND410HNA5 (50,175) FND HNA F
13、ig.5 with base station located at (50,175), comparison of network lifetime from the angle of FND and HNA 6 WF-EECA在 190 WF-EECA 在 0 50 100 150 200050100150200X-axis/mY-axis/mSink Nodehttp:/- 7 -中国科技论文在线0 500 1000 1500 2000020406080100仿仿(仿)仿仿仿仿仿仿LEACHLEACH-MWF-EECA195 6 在(50,175) Fig.6 with the base
14、station located at (50,175), comparison of the number of living nodes of networkN=200 中75% (normal node) 0.5 J 25% (advanced node) 2 (100,450) 7 在 200 194% 中 0 500 1000 1500 2000050100150200仿仿(仿)仿仿仿仿仿LEACH(100,450)WF-EECA(100,500)LEACH-M(100,450)WF-EECA(100,450)7 在(100,450) Fig.7 with the base stati
15、on located at (100,450) and different energies, comparison of network lifetime205 LEACH 线 8 LEACH在941 100J LEACH-M 中 6.11J WF-EECA 48.21J 在2000 6.08J 50% WF-EECA 908 LEACH LEACH-M389 452 在 WF-EECA 210 LEACH LEACH-M 在 在 - http:/- 8 -中国科技论文在线0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000020406080100仿
16、仿(仿)仿仿仿仿仿仿仿WF-EECALEACHLEACH-M8 215 Fig .8 Total remaining energy dissipation in system5 论文 LEACH 中 WF-EECA 中 220 参考文献 (References)1 REN F Y,HUANG H N,LIN C.Wireless sensor nerworksJ.Journal of software,2003,14(07 :1282-1291.2 SHEN B,ZHANG S Y,ZHONG Y P.Routing protocol for Wireless sensor networksJ
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18、erarchy with Deterministic Cluster-head selectionR.Fourth IEEE Conference on Mobile and Wireless Communications Networks,2002,368-372.230 5 Younis O,Fahmy S.Heed:A hybrid ,energy-efficent,distributed clustering approach for ad-hoc sensor networksC.IEEE Trans on Mobile Computing,2004,3(4) :660-669.6
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