1、.探析商业街区更新城市设计的研究摘 要:随着岳阳楼景区和汴河街竣工以来,洞庭湖风光带成了岳阳市民、游客关注的焦点,也是旧城改造的又一典型案例。以岳阳楼风景区“鱼巷子街区”为例,阐述旧城街区改造存在的问题,探讨滨水旧城更新中应采用的城市设计原则与方法。Pick to: along with yueyang tower scenic spot and near the street, since the completion of dongting lake sight became the focus of attention of yueyang citizens and tourists a
2、lso is another typical case of old city reconstruction. Lane blocks in yueyang tower scenic spot of “fish“ as an example, elaborated the old city blocks of reform, the problems existing in the discussion that should be adopted in the waterfront of the old city update urban design principles and meth
3、ods. 关键词:旧街区;鱼巷子; 更新;城市设计;湘楚建筑Key words: old neighborhoods; Fish lane; Update; Urban design; Xiang chu architecture 中图分类号:TU984.13http:/ http:/ library classification number: TU984.13 文献标识码:BDocument id: B 文章编号:1008-0422(2009)07-0099-06Article number: 1008-0422 (2009) 7-2009-06 1 鱼巷子区城市设计的基础研究1 fish
4、 alley district urban design of basic research 洞庭湖风光带三期工程是衔接一期的古典、二期的明清风韵仿古街,为以后的沿湖风光带做铺垫的重要工程。是岳阳城市改造的典型范例。巴陵广场兼有集散、交通、休闲等功能。规划的前期首先对三期工程从整体上进行了研究并作了概念性设计方案,结合历史文化名城保护及岳阳楼洞庭湖国家级风景名胜区规划从宏观上来把握巴陵广场的定位。在此基础上规划局又进行了三期工程(巴陵广场街河口)修建性规划设计。http:/ http:/ lake sight three phase of the project is a cohesion p
5、eriod charm of classic, phase ii of the Ming and qing dynasties antique street, for the sight of the lake lay the important project. Is a typical example of yueyang city transformation. Ba ling square with distribution, transportation, recreation, and other functions. Planning upfront first studied
6、the three phase on the whole and the conceptual design scheme, combined with historical and cultural city protection and yueyang dongting lake national scenic area planning from the macroscopic grasp the rimbang baling square positioning. On the basis of the planning bureau and the three phase of th
7、e estuary (ba ling plaza, street) building planning and design. 巴陵广场北接洞庭湖风光带三期工程,南至鱼巷子,西临洞庭湖,东抵洞庭南路,总用地面积 4.85 万 m2。定位为历史文化广场的巴陵广场分为广场区和滨湖景观区。广场部分由入口广场(交通、集散广场) 、过渡广场、市井活动广场和文化主题广场四部分组成。市井广场包括市井广场和活动广场,市井广场内建设反映市井文化的雕塑、小品,将突出鱼巷子街区入口商业氛围气氛的营造。本文仅对鱼巷子街区进行分析阐述这一区域的更新与城市设计。Ba ling square north of dongti
8、ng lake sight three phase, south to fish alley, dongting lake in the west, the east south dongting road, the total land area http:/ http:/ 48500 m2. Ba ling positioning for the historical and cultural square square divided into square area and lakeside landscape area. Square section by the entrance
9、plaza (traffic, distributing plaza), transition square and civic activities and cultural theme square of four parts. Civic square street square and activities, including civic square street sculpture, the sketch of the culture in construction, will highlight the fish alley business atmosphere atmosp
10、here build blocks entry. In this paper, only the fish lane blocks is analyzed in this paper, the renewal and the urban design of this area. 1.1 把握鱼巷子街区的基本特色1.1 hold the basic characteristics of fish lane blocks 岳阳楼三期工程岳阳巴陵广场中鱼巷子街区,曾经是明清时期岳阳最繁华的综合性商业街区之一,如何突出这一地段的历史特点、地域特点,重新发展更新这一地段就要根据这一地区的基本特色,分析存
11、在的问题,抓住机遇整合资源激发活力。Three phase of the yueyang yueyang tower ba ling fish alley in square blocks, once was during the Ming and qing dynasties is one of the most bustling commercial block comprehensive yueyang, how to highlight the http:/ http:/ of history characteristics, regional characteristics, and
12、 development to update the location will be according to the basic characteristics of the region, analysis of existing problems, and inspire vitality to seize the opportunity to integrate resources. 1.1.1 其功能为居住、农贸市场及办公。1.1.1 its function for living, a farmers market and office. 1.1.2 鱼巷子街区形成发展以自然曲线
13、形态为主要形式,现存房屋多为民国时期及以后的建筑,布局零散且无特定规则可循。1.1.2 fish lane blocks form development with natural curve shape as the main form, existing home mostly during the period of the republic of China and after building, scattered layout and no specific rules to follow. 1.1.3 鱼类批发、商业零售、旅游集散的多功能、多目的的混合空间形态是鱼巷子街区的文化特
14、色,现存院落多为南北朝向为主东西也有房屋建筑的功能混合封闭院落式。1.1.3 fish wholesale, retail, tourism distributing of multi-function, hybrid space form of the purpose of the alley is fish blocks of cultural http:/ http:/ existing courtyard to give priority to something for northern and southern dynasties and a mixed closed courty
15、ard housing construction of the function. 1.1.4 建筑形式多样化,但以三层以下房屋为主,现有建筑产权大致分为三类:公房、企业用房及少量私房。现有建筑总面积 7.5 万 m2。其中 96%的建筑为现代砖混或框架建筑,布局拥挤,环境较差,无历史价值与艺术价值。1.1.4 the building form of diversification, but is given priority to with three layer under the building, the existing building property roughly divi
16、ded into three categories: public, enterprise and a small amount of property. Existing building area of 75000 m2. 96% of the buildings for brick and reinforced concrete structure or framework of modern architecture, layout is crowded, poor environment, historical value and artistic value. 1.1.5 具有历史
17、价值的元素有:石板路、街巷格局、街巷空间尺度以及巷名、传说故事、鱼市交易等。1.1.5 has the historical value of the elements are: pattern of stone road, streets, street and alley space scale, legends, market trading, etc. http:/ http:/ 鱼巷子街区存在的主要问题1.2 the fish lane blocks the main problems 1.2.1 经营种类的单一,缺乏活力的经营形态,逐渐萎缩的商业。1.2.1 management
18、types of a single, lack of energy management form, a shrinking business. 12.2 现代气息的匮乏,历史遗存的消失。12.2 the lack of modern historical heritage disappear. 1.2.3 私建乱建的混乱空间关系,模糊不清的肌理,消失殆尽的街巷亲和气息。1.2.3 build private mess of chaos space relation, fuzzy texture, vanish the lanes of the affinity. 1.2.4 由增建、改建造成
19、的建筑风貌特征不明确,没有整体感可言。http:/ http:/ caused by a build, rebuilding construction style and features not clear, not whole at all. 1.3 机遇与挑战1.3 both opportunities and challenges 1.3.1 优势:鱼巷子是岳阳老城区重要的传统商业街区之一,承载着岳阳深厚的历史文化底蕴,至今仍保留大量的历史文化遗迹。古代此处一直为商业繁华、市井氛围浓厚之地段,俗称“北城南市” 。鱼巷子为历史上形成的商业街巷,保留着传统石板路和传统空间特征,其卖鱼的功能
20、至今还在盛行不衰。1.3.1 advantage: fish alley is one of the important traditional business blocks of yueyang city, is bearing the yueyang profound historical culture, are still retained a large number of historical and cultural relics. Ancient street atmosphere here for commercial prosperity, the location, c
21、ommonly known as “beicheng NaShi“. Fish alleys formed in history of commercial streets, retains the traditional stone path and characteristics of traditional space and its function of fish is still in a fixture. 1.3.2 劣势:经过分析调研发现,本区域虽然年代久远建筑繁多,但是具http:/ http:/ disadvantage: through analysis, the sur
22、vey found this region while the old building is various, but the number of buildings of historical value and artistic value is less, the overall poor quality of construction, architectural style is not unified and there are a lot of build private mess of illegal construction. Business form character
23、istics of single and itself caused blocks of dirty, disorder and poor situation, consumer sentiment is not play, consumers can visit tourism, and almost no experience of project, making commercial showing a weak state. 1.3.3 机会:旅游经济、历史遗存、曾经的繁荣一时是鱼巷子地区所独有的特征,有着唯一性不可复制性。在现代人追忆过往,重现繁荣,再现巴陵盛状的过程中,通过一系列手
24、段对该地区进行城市设计改造。重塑古街风貌,恢复商业活力。鱼市口独特的魅力将呈现在世人面前,因此,该地区有着很大的发展机会和无穷的潜力。1.3.3 opportunity: tourism economy, is a historical heritage, once the prosperous fish lane features unique to the region, has a uniqueness to be http:/ http:/ In modern people reminisce about the past, prosper, reappear the ba ling
25、sheng process, through a series of measures in the area of urban design. To reshape the five-arched style, restore business vitality. Fish mouth unique charm will appear in front of the world, as a result, the region has great potential for development opportunities and endless. 2 鱼巷子街区城市设计2 fish la
26、ne blocks of urban design 2.1 鱼巷子街区设计目标2.1 the fish lane blocks design goals 通过鱼巷子街区城市设计,强化街区的五个特点,整治现状,营造出适合现代商业氛围的滨水区历史文化综合街区。Through fish lane street urban design, the five characteristics of reinforced block, regulation, build a suitable for modern business atmosphere of waterfront historical cu
27、ltural blocks. 2.1.1 自然性目标http:/ http:/ natural target 鱼巷子街区的形成及发展都是一种自然的过程,由于依靠在洞庭湖边,其自然的肌理与清新的味道是鱼巷子所独有的,所以在改造过程中突出其自然性,强调街区、建筑、与自然环境的相互渗透与融合。Fish lane blocks the formation and development is a natural process, due to rely on in dongting lake and its natural texture and the taste of fresh fish all
28、ey is unique, so in transforming a process to highlight its naturalness, blocks, buildings, and the natural environment of mutual penetration and integration. 2.1.2 历史性目标2.1.2 historic goal 鱼巷子街区附近的码头,曾经是岳阳最大的货物集散,贸易场所。至此通洞庭、入长江,是湖湘贸易枢纽地区。古老的码头、会所、集市多集中在此区域,南正街作为岳阳曾经最繁华的地段其商业价值和历史作用被深入挖掘。http:/ http
29、:/ alley neighborhoods near the dock, once the yueyangs largest distribution center for goods trade. At this point through dongting, into the Yangtze river, it is hunan trading hub for the region. Old wharf, club house, mart more concentrated in the region, the south main street as yueyang once the
30、most prosperous section of its commercial value and history effect has been further mining. 洞庭湖边岳阳楼、慈氏塔和鱼巷子街区在一条轴线上,再现历史上繁重的集市和洞庭景象。Yueyang dongting lake, CiShi tower and fish alley block on an axis, represent the history of heavy bazaars and dongting. 2.1.3 地域性目标2.1.3 regional goals 摆脱千篇一律的仿古建筑造型,追
31、求地域性特色,展现湘楚文化的深厚底蕴。结合当地现状实现建筑形式的突破。Get rid of a cookie-cutter archaize building modelling, the pursuit of regional features, show the profundity of xiang chu culture. Together with http:/ http:/ present situation of local breakthrough in architectural form. 2.1.4 整体性目标2.1.4 holistic goals 整合资源,将零散的资
32、源整合起来。整合建筑风格,将凌乱的建筑风貌统一起来。这片区域的规划突出保护原有的街巷格局和城市肌理。The integration of resources, will be scattered resources together. Integration of architectural style, to unify the messy building style and features. The area of planning highlight the protection of the original pattern of streets and city texture.
33、 2.1.5 亲水性目标2.1.5 hydrophilic targets 鱼巷子街区的形成及发展都以水为媒介,洞庭湖的旖旎风光又成为鱼巷子的景观来源,把湖面的景观引入街区,在街区可以感受到洞庭千百年来“水”的文化是这次改造的目标之一。原有的鱼巷子石板路都予以保留与恢复,并拉通通向湖岸的巷子http:/ http:/ lane blocks the formation and development of water as the medium, the charming scenery of dongting lake has become fish alley source of land
34、scape, the landscape of the lake into blocks, the blocks can feel dongting in one thousand to “water“ culture is one of the aims of the reform. Original fish lane SLATE road shall be maintained and recovery, and pull all lanes to their shores 2.2 设计原则2.2 design principles 2.2.1 保护先行的原则2.2.1 the prin
35、ciple of protecting first 尽可能多地保留历史遗存、文化遗存,将历史文化信息尽量完整的传承,留给后人更多可以鉴赏、学习感受的东西,引导营建符合历史文化特色的街区环境。Keeping as many historical heritage, cultural heritage, historical and cultural information as much as possible the full inheritance, legacy can more appreciation, learning experience, guide the constructi
36、on conform to http:/ http:/ historical and cultural characteristics of neighborhood environment. 2.2.2 开发为主的原则2.2.2 give priority to the principle of development 开发可以利用的资源,将没有想到的、没有采取的、没有开发好的资源整合起来,做到尽可能的挖掘土地内涵,利用土地价值,实现土地的增值和文化的增值。Development resources are available, there will be no thought, no, n
37、o development good resources integration, to do as much as possible land connotation of mining, use of land value, land value and cultural value. 2.2.3 以人为本的原则2.2.3 the people-oriented principle 现代人的商业模式应用到具有传统意味的街区巷道中来,让人们从小街巷中回忆曾经的岳阳风貌,构建当代价值取向和现代尺度、当代模式的商业形态。http:/ http:/ traditional business mod
38、el is applied to the means of modern neighborhood tunnel, let people grew up in the streets to recall ever of yueyang, build contemporary value orientation and modern and contemporary modes of business form. 2.2.4 活力营造的原则2.2.4 the principle of energy to build 调整街区的商业形态,重新梳理街区的肌理形态,注入更多新鲜元素,将传统销售、集散批
39、发、特色餐饮、文化休闲、度假娱乐、戏曲舞蹈、客栈体验等能够吸引消费者,人流密集程度高的业态形式引入到街区中来,人气的提升带动整个街区的活力,从而激发街区的商业活力。Adjustment block business form, reframe blocks texture form, inject more fresh elements, the traditional wholesale sales, distribution, characteristic catering, culture, leisure, vacation, entertainment, drama, dance,
40、inn experience can attract consumers, such as high crowded degree form of formats into blocks to improve the popularity of the vitality of the whole block, fueling the commercial vitality of blocks. http:/ http:/ 操作机制弹性化的原则2.2.5 principle of the flexible operating mechanism 由于多种商业共存商业形态多样化的要求,在延续街区历
41、史文化的前提下,引导和鼓励功能及环境的创新,张弛有度的发展,制定出适合鱼巷子设计的弹性化机制和操作方法。Due to various commercial coexist commercial form diverse demand, on the premise of continuation of historical and cultural block, functions and environment of innovation, guide and encourage relaxation of development, to develop a suitable for fis
42、h the flexibility of the alley design mechanism and operating method. 2.3 鱼巷子街区的整体功能及形态2.3 the fish lane blocks overall function and morphology 2.3.1 按规模功能划分2.3.1 in accordance with the scale of functional division http:/ http:/ 41m,基地最低高程为 24m,最大高差达 17m。百年一遇的洪水位(98 年)为 33.98m(黄海高程) 。According to pl
43、ot contains several current throughout the planning function is divided into three regions: square area, fish lane area, lakeside landscape area. Base is in the shape of irregular quadrilateral for lakeshore geomorphology, northeast low Gao Xina, facing the lake gradually decline. Base for maximum e
44、levation to 41 m, the lowest elevation is 24 m, the maximum difference of 17 m. A once-in-a-century flood (98), 33.98 m (yellow sea elevation). 2.3.2 现状空间布局明确功能分区2.3.2 status space distribution with clear functional partition 巴陵广场沿湖风光带三期工程位于中心城区主干道巴陵大道西尽端是沿湖风光带三期工程的主要组成部分,是传统商业、历史文化、湖滨景观的重要载体。基地北接沿湖
45、风光带二期工程,南至街河口,西邻洞庭湖,东抵洞庭路。总用地面积 8.1 万 m2(121.5 亩)http:/ http:/ ling plaza lake sight three phase is located in the city center, end is the main ba ling road west lake three phase of the main part of sight, is a traditional business, history and culture, lakeshore landscape important carrier. Base in
46、 the north lake sight second phase, estuary, south street, west of dongting lake, east to dongting road. Total land area of 81000 m2 (121.5 acres) 鱼巷子区是整个三期工程中重要的一部分,鱼巷子区本身规划的建筑根据位置的不同,功能各有侧重。Fish lane area is the important part of in the third phase, fish lane area itself planning construction according to different position, the function of each have emphasize particularly on. 临巴陵广场的南侧设置茶楼区,主要为茶楼及会馆,建筑面积6814m2。(1) ba ling in the south side of the square set tea area, mainly for the teahouse and hall, a building area of 6814 m2. 临洞庭湖为餐饮区,主要为特色餐饮,以吃鱼为主,建筑面积9122m2。http:/www.tsh
