1、1第一讲：2012 年 12 月英语四级考试 完成句子-翻译 应试指导（四六级考试每一题型，一次讲练系列考前辅导与操练之一）第一节 应试策略与解题技巧一、命题特点汉译英题型测试的是句子、短语或常用表达层次上的中译英能力，共 5 句，一句一题，句长为 l530 词；每句 7.1 分，共 35.5 分。考试时间 5 分 钟。句中的一部分已用英文给出，要求考生根据全句意思将汉语部分译成英语。翻译须符合英语的语法与句型结构和表达习惯，要求用词准确。需要考生由汉语翻译成英语的部分，在意义上是一个独立的成分(但不是一个单词)，一般需要用到 英语中某个词组、短语，或者固定搭配，或者某种句型结构。翻译时需要将
2、汉语的意思完整地表达出来，局部符合整体，表达符合英语习惯，要尽量避免可能在搭配、词性、时态、语态和拼写等方面的错误。这是四六级试卷中的最后一个题型。该题应安排在听力考试结束后提前完成，平时做好了充分准备就会势在必得；只要不出错误，这部分试题得满分也是完全有可能的；首先要志在必得。二、翻译常见问题和应对策略理解表达不到位是翻译的最大问题。理解关键在于理解句子的语法结构，表达关键在于符合英语语言的习惯搭配来作适当调整，做到准确、通顺、完整。以短语或搭配优先的解题思路，以直译为主，适当辅以意译。三、解题方法： 第一步：通读全句，正确理解。首先快速浏览句子，先专注英语，不看汉语，从而判断划线处所填句子
3、的形式、时态。 所谓形式包括： 1 词组固定搭配(不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、从句等) 2.观察虚拟语气的使用条件3.观察是否用被动形式或语态所谓时态是指：根据前后已经给出的英语表达判断所填英语动词的采用时态。 第二步：分析汉语词语表达的不同成分，使用紧缩手段，划分意群。与英语表达连贯地分析括号翻译部分的汉语词组或句子，以转换成英语的核心谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾、分清定状补。 第三步：选择词义与适用的词性，贴切表达。适当调整，书写译文。先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补，切块对应翻译，重新组合。动词注意时态，名词注意其定语与单复数形式。第二节 例题详解06.1287.Specialists in
4、 intercultural studies say that it is not easy to _ (适应不同文化的生活). 解题步骤: 第一步：由 it is not easy to 可以推出，划线处应该接动词原形。 第二步：划分成分“适应不同文化的生活” 核心谓语动词是“适应” ， “不同文化的”作定语， “生活”作宾语。 第三步： 2(1).切块对应翻译：“适应”=adapt; adapt to; adapt oneself to；“生活”=life；“不同文化的”=different cultures (2).重新组合：adapt oneself to the life in di
5、fferent cultures 正确答案：adapt oneself to the life/living in different cultures 翻 译 ：跨文化研究专家说，适应不同文化的生活不是一 件容易的事情。 考察知识点： 词组固定搭配adapt oneself to sth/doing sth“适应88.Since my childhood I have found that _ (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力). 解题步骤: 第一步：由 Since my childhood I have found that 可以推出，划线处应该填写一个从句，时态需要根据后面的汉语意思作进一
6、步的确定。 第二步：划分成分“没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力” 核心谓语动词是“比-更有吸引力” ， “没有什么”作主语， “读书”作宾语， “对我”作状语。 第三步： (1).切块对应翻译：“比-更有吸引力”= be more attractive to sb， “没有什么”=nothing， “读书”=readin g， “对我”=for/to me。 (2).重新组合：nothin g is more attractive to me than reading 正确答案：nothing is more attractive to me than reading 与上述组合一致。翻 译 ：从
7、儿时起我就发现，没有什么比读书对我更有吸 引力。 考察知识点： 比较级nothin g+比较级=最高级；时态：因为从句叙述 的是现在的事情，所以用一般现在时即可。 89.The victim _(本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. 解题步骤: 第一步：由 The victim_ if he had been taken to hospital in time.可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句形式、时态根据后面的 if he had been taken to hospital in time 确定
8、应该采取过去时态的虚拟语气。 第二步：划分成分“本来会有机会活下来” 核心谓语动词是“本来有机会-” ， “活下来”作宾语。 第三步： (1).切块对应翻译：“本来有机会-”= would have had a chance to do sth， “活下来”=survive (2).重新组合：would have had a chance to survive. 正确答案 ：would have had a chance to survive/of survival 翻 译：如果遇难者被及时送往医院的话，他本来会有机 会活下来的。 考察知识点 ：与过去相反的虚拟语气，从句用 had done，
9、主句用 would have done 有机会做某事：have a chance to do sth/of sth- “虚拟语气” 在英语四级汉译英的完成句子考测中，考生应该注意以下几种虚拟语气的形式： 第一种：由 “ if ”引导的虚拟句子 (1). 与现在的事实相反：If - + were/did-, - + would do- If I were you, I would definitely object to his opinion. 如果我是你 , 就一定会反对他。 (2). 与过去的事实相反：If - + had done-, - +would have done- If you
10、 had worked hard, you would have passed the exam. 如果你用功学习, 就会通过考试了。 3(3). 与将来的事实可能相反：If -+ should do-, -+ would do- If it should rain tomorr ow , what would you do ? 如果明天下雨,你怎么办? 第二种：用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词性从句中。从句谓语形式为：“-(should ) + do sth”(在美语中 should 常省去) 。 类似用法的动词有： insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order(命令
11、) , propose (建议) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求、请求) , request (请求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (宁愿), recommend(推荐) , arrang e ( 安排) , advocate ( 拥护、提倡) ,maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中（类推表语从句、主语从句，或同位语从句） 。 第三种：用在“It + be + important (,necessary , natural , essential , str
12、ange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及 insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , reco
13、mmended 等) + that -”结构中（以 that 引导的从句） 第四种：用在 It is time that - 结构中, 表示“该干某事了”, 含建议的意思, 用动词过去式。 It is time (that) we went to bed . 咱们该睡觉了。 注意: time 前可加 about (表示“大约”) 或 high(表示“强调”) 等。 90.Some psychologists claim that people_ (出门在外时可能会感到孤独). 解题步骤: 第一步：由 Some psychologists claim that people .可以推出，划线处应
14、该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句时态用一般现在时。 第二步：划分成分“出门在外时可能会感到孤独” 核心谓语动词是“可能会感到” ， “孤独”作宾语， “出门在外时”作状语。 第三步： (1).切块对应翻译：“可能会感到”= might feel， “孤独”=lonely ， “出门在外时”be away from home. (2).重新组合：might feel lonely when they are away from home. 正确答案 ：might feel lonely when they are away from home. 翻 译 ：一些心理学家认为人们出门在外时
15、可能会感到孤独。 考察知识点： 词性辨析 lonely. adj.孤独的、寂寞的；alone. adj.独自的 难 点 ： “出门在外”的翻译。91The nations population continues to rise （以每年 1200 万人的速度）正确答案 ：at a speed / rate of 12 million per year.或 at an annual speed of 12 million考察知识点 ：考点之一是短语 at a speed of，其二是数字 1200 万人的表达。翻 译：这个国家的人口继续以每年1200 万人的速度在增长 。第三节 部分历年四级翻
16、译真题、答案与解析20111287. Charity groups organized various activities _ (为地震幸存者筹款) .88. Linda _ (不可能收到我的电子邮件), otherwise, she could have replied.89. Its my mother _ (一直鼓励我不要灰心) when I have difficulties in my study.90. The publishing house has to _ (考虑这本小说的受欢迎程度) 。491. Its wrong to _.(仅仅以金钱来定义幸福) 解析：87. to
17、raise money for the survivals / survivors in the earthquake.考察 raise money “筹款”的表达。同时注意幸存者的两种拼写 ，均用复数。88. couldnt have received my e-mail考察虚拟语气。otherwise 提示我们句子后半句是与过去事实 相反( 事实是 Linda 没有回复)，因此用 could+have+过去分词。句子前半句是在陈述一种事实，从句子后半句could have +过去分词我们 可以推断前面 “没有收到我的电子邮件 ”也是在发生在过去，因此这里用 could have +过去分词
18、。89. who / that has been encouraging me not lose my heart考察强调句型和动词 encourage的搭配。强调句型 its that/who encourage sb. (not) to do sth. 鼓励某人(不) 做某事。90. condsider the popularity of this novel考察“考虑”的表达，可以用动词 consider，也可以用词组take into consideration。同时要注意抽象名词 popularity (受欢迎程度) 的正确拼写。91. define （the）happin ess
19、only by money / give a definition of happiness simply / just / definitely by means of money考察动词“定义” 的表达。或可用另一“动+名词组”：give a definition of sth.09.6 （以下仅以近三年以前的为例；三年内的可参见有关真题）87. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had _ (很难跟上班里的同学) in math and English.88. If she had returne
20、d one hour earlier, Mary _(就不会被大雨淋着了).89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are_(更有可能增加体重).90. (很多人所没有意识到的)_ is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular.91. The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is _(与缺乏锻炼密切相关).解析：87. difficulty (in)
21、keeping up with his classmates / difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates 本题考点共有两个：一是四级核心词组 keep up with sb (跟上某人 )，二是核心短语have difficulty / trouble in doing sth (做某事有困难) 。88. wouldnt have been caught by the / a heavy rain 本题的考点为两个：第一考查对虚拟语气的掌握,情态动词+完成时的结构。第二考查对短语 be caught by / in a heavy rai
22、n 的掌握，意思为“被所困/淋”， 另外“大雨”用 heavy rain。89. more likely to put on / gain weight首先判断本题应该使用短语be likely to 来表示“有可能做某事”，而“增加体重” 的表达为 put on weight ，除此之外，题目中表达的是“更有可能”，要加上 more ，所以答案为 more likely to put on weight . 除此之外，我们还应该掌握其相关表达，比如说 lose ones weight (减肥)，go on diet(节食) 等。90. what many people dont realiz
23、e / what a host of folks dont realize 本题考查 what 从句用作主语。what 从句在英语中往往表现为“字结构”。91. closely linked to the lack of exercise / closely related to the lack of exercise 本题考点有两个，5一是对固定搭配的考查，be linked to = be related to (与有关)以及 the lack of exercise(缺乏锻炼)；二是对修饰关系的考查， closely related 是副词与动词的修饰关系。08.1287. Medic
24、al researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems _ _ (他们至今还没有答案).88. _ _ ( 大多数父母所 关心的) is providing the best education possible for their children.89.Youd better take a sweater with you _ _ (以防天气变冷 ).90.Through the project, many people have received training and_ (决定自己创业 ).91.The anti
25、-virus agent was not known _ _ (直到一名医生 偶然发现了它).解析：87. which/that they havent found answers to 做四六级的翻译题实质是在补全句子，所以已给出的英文和要翻译的中文都要分析清楚。本句中要翻译的是一句完整的话，而横线前是名词 problems，因此显然是个定语从句的考点，可以选择 that 或 which 做关联词，核心动词搭配是 have answers to，另外“至今还”提醒我们句子是现在完成时的时态。88. What most parents care about / are concerned ab
26、out 或The concern of most parents 很显然本句缺主语，有两种方法处理：主语从句或名词短语，核心词汇“关心”可以用 concern 或 care about。89. in case it turns/should turn cold 或 lest it should turn cold 一看到“以防”，马上要反应出“in case”或“lest”这类的连词。如果用“in case”，后面的从句常用一般现在时或 should+动词原型；如果是用 lest，一般是用 should+动词原型。90. （have ）decided to start their own bu
27、siness / opted to start a self-employment on their own. 本题的考察重点是“决定”的表达与核心词组“自己创业”。也可用“make a decision to do”.91. until it was accidentally found/discovered by a doctor本题考点是 until 引导的状语从句和被动语态的结合。 “偶然” 作为状语，可以处理为 by accident/chance/happen或 accidentally。08.687. Our efforts will pay off if the results
28、 of this research _(能应用于新技术的开发).88. I cant boot my computer now .Something _(一定出了毛病) with its operation system.89. Leaving ones job, _(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring.90. _ (与我成长的地 方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.91. _(直到他完成使命) did he reali
29、ze that he was seriously ill.详解687.can be applied to the development of new technology 本题考查被动结构和两个词组：应用applyto 以及作为 名词词组的“新技术的开发”the development of new technology.88. must be wrong 考查词组“出毛病”something is/goes wrong，另外考查肯定的推测表达：“一定”must.89. no matter what kind it is / whatever it is 考查让步状语从句的用法90. Com
30、pared with the place where I grew up 考查两点：与 相比 compared with；带定语从句的名词短语“我成长的地方”。91. Not until he had accomplished the mission 从主句谓语动词的倒装结 构可以知道考查的是not until 置于句首时的用法。not until 置于句首时，until 后用时间短语或正常语序的从句，主句用倒装。另外根据语义关系选择正确的对应时态（比 didrealize 更早发生）。07.1287. _ (多亏了一系列 的发明), doctors can treat this diseas
31、e successfully.88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that _ (我比以前更容 易累了).89. I am going to pursue this course, _ (无论我要作出 什么样的牺牲).90. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because _ _ _ _ (它更加方便和 省时).91. Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _ _ (是用他们
32、能够借到多少来衡 量的), not how much they can earn.详解：87. Thanks to/ Because of/ Owing to/ As a result of a series of new inventions 本题考查“多亏了”和“一系列”两个表达方法。88. I am more likely to get tired than before. / It is more likely for me to become tired than before. / I am more inclined to become tired than before.本题考
33、点是“更容易”，使用 be more likely to 或 be more inclined to do.89. no matter what I have to sacrifice / whatever sacrifice I have to make 本题考点“无论”和“牺牲”，如果不会拼写sacrifice, 可用 pay 代替。90. It is more convenient and less time-consuming / it is more convenient and time-saving. / it is more convenient and can save mo
34、re time 本题难点是“省时”，可用形容词或动词词组表示相同意义。91. is measured/evaluated by how much they can borrow/loan 本题难点是被动语态。07.687. The finding of this study failed to _ (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内).88. The prevent and treatment of AIDS is _ (我们可以合作的领域).89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete _ (决定退出比赛).90. To make donations or f
35、or more information, please_ (按以下地址和我们联系).791. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning _(如果你方便的话).详解87. take peoples sleep quality into account/ consideration 本题重点考查 take sth into account这个短语。88. the field (where) we can cooperate / the field in which we can cooperate 本题考查定语从句，而先行词作为前置宾语，后面引导的从句需要前
36、置的介词。89. decided to quit the match 本题考查对时态的判断能力90. contact us at / according to the following address 常见的祈使句表达91. if it is convenient for you / at your convenience 本题考查词组 at ones convenience.06.6 （首次四级新题型试卷）87.Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble (找到去历史博 物馆的路). 88. (为了挣钱供我 上学) ， Mot
37、her often takes on more work than is good for her. 89. The professor required that (我们交研究报 告) by Wednes day. 90. The more you explain, (我愈糊涂). 91.Though a skilled worker, ( 他被公司解雇 了)last week because of the economic crisis. 详解：87. （ in） finding the way to the history museum本题考查对句型 have (no)trouble (
38、in) doing sth.的掌握88. In order to finance/fund my education / In order to earn enough money for my schooling 本题考查对不定式作目的状语的掌握。不定式和不定式短语作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。in order to 或 so as to 可以使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义，但 so as to 一般 不用在句首。表示“挣钱”还可以用 raise money 或 support。 89. we (should) hand in our research repor
39、t 本题考查的是表示建议的句型require that sb. (should) do sth.的掌握。90. the more confused I am 本题考查对句型 the more, the more 的掌握，表示“越，越” 。第二个 more 作的是副词，意为“更”，后跟形容词的比较级。结构“the+ 形容词比较级s+v，the 形容词比较级s+v”，比较级后主谓结构不倒装。91. he was fired by the company 本题考查对让步状语从句的 掌握。当让步状语从句由连词although或 though 引导时，意为“虽然，尽管”，主句不能用 but 。由“他被公
40、司解雇”可知，主句应该用被动式，又根据 last week 可以判断句子应该用一般过去时。表示 “解雇”还可以用 discharge 和 dismiss sb.。第四节 强化训练 100 题1.The substance does not dissolve in water _(不管是否加热).2.Not only _(他向我收费过高), but he didnt do a good repair job either.83.Your losses in trade this year are nothing _（与我的相比）.4.On average, it is said, visitor
41、s spend only _ (一半的钱)in a day in Leeds as in London. 5.By contrast, Americans mothers were more likely _（把孩子的成功归因于）natural talent.6.Today, _(随着生活节奏 的加快), people usually do not have as much time to write letters as before.7.With the rise in population, the traffic in cities _ (日益拥挤).8.Opportunity oft
42、en _（起重要作用） ones choice of a career.9.It is easier to _(染上坏习惯) than to get into good ones.10.However troublesome the problem is, _（他都耐心地去面对）.11._（如果天气/时间允许的话）, the picnic will be held as scheduled.12._（尽管发了洪水）, the ship had reached its destination on time.13.He concluded his speech with a remark tha
43、t _（失败乃成功之母）.14.She never laughed, _（也从未发过脾气）.15.We advised them to take a rest, _（可是他们要坚持完成这项工作）.16.They asked so many questions that _（把我给弄糊涂了）.17._（医生告诉他不要吸烟）, Mr. Smith carried neither matches nor cigarettes.18.On entering another country, _(游客必须通过海关)。19.It has been suggested _ (经常看电视的人可能会变得过分消极
44、).20.We regret to inform you _(你们订购的材料缺货).21.He studied hard in his youth, _ （这也是他后半生取得巨大成功的原因）.22.I understood _ (学会面对现实的真正价值).23.It has been revealed that _（有些政府官员滥用他们的权利和职位）to get illegal profits for themselves.24.Nowadays, we need to _（与时俱进）.25.The violent tornado （龙卷风）that struck in August last
45、 year _ （已经引起全球科学家的高度重视）.26.When he agrees with someone, _(英雄所见略同) is his tag（口头禅=pet phrase）.27.The government has put forward a new economic policy with _ (更加强调降低通货膨胀率)28.You may stop now，but you must resume working at 2 oclock _(否则我会给你 新的任务以示惩罚) 29.You have greatly disappointed me. _ (你做的远没有达到我们的期望)930.Hurry up! The performance will start in no timeThe doors _ (我们到那里的时候就会关闭 了) 31.Little _(她没有料到她的着装方式) would make her feel totally out of place at the party32.The traditional approach to deal with complex prob
