1、高考专题复习之短文改错教案栾城三中 焦会强直击考纲1、考查考生对语篇的语言评价能力，即借助语境发现、判断、纠正文章中错误的能力。2、考点灵活多变，知识层次多，覆盖面广，综合性强。3、要求学生在大约 15 分钟内，阅读一篇大约 120 词左右的短文，辨认其中的 10 处错误。4、短文题材多样，取自学生习作或类似学生习作。内容多为常见话题或身边事。教学目标为了提高做短文改错题的能力，除了要加强基础知识的积累、提高语篇的整体理解能力之外，还应该对其错项设置的基本情况有所了解，以便做到目标明确，有的放矢，从而提高解题的正确率。现从语法和逻辑的角度，用口诀的形式，向同学们介绍高考英语短文改错中最常见的几
2、类错误。短文改错口诀：动词形，名词数，非谓动词细辨别，句子成分多分析，注意是形还是副；习惯用法要记住；逻辑错误须关注。 短文改错解题四原则：1）改动以最少为原则 2）虚词以添加或删除为原则 3）实词以改变词形为原则 4）以保持句子原意为原则 短文改错四不改：1.单词拼写不改。2. 大小写不改。3. 词序不改。4. 标点符号不改。教学过程一、了解和掌握短文改错的错项设置，以便目的明确。1动词形。主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. are上述例子属于时态错误。找
3、出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。2名词数。指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. subjects3区分形和副。区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。 这也是高考短文改错的常考点。如：Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. wonderfulUnfortunate, there are too many people in my family. Unfortunat
4、ely需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的 wonderful 作定语修饰 time，第二句的 Unfortunately 作状语修饰整个句子。4非谓动词细辨别。这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如：in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. interestedPlay football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also playingMy
5、 parents love me and will do all they can make sure to上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。5习惯用法要记住。主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。 例如：to make children to want things that they dont really need.去掉第二个 toWe must keep in mind that we play for
6、the team instead ourselves. ofAfter supper, my father would go out for a walk and then come back to see newspapers. read6句子成分多分析。不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：They eager to know everything about China and wereI live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. whi
7、ch第一例漏掉了谓语动词 were，这是受汉语习惯的影响而导致的错误；第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where 是副词，不能作主语。7逻辑错误须关注。与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. theirFirst, let me tell you something more about myself. 去掉 more上述第一例中的主语是 Smiths（史密斯夫妇俩），因此后面的 his 不合
8、逻辑。第二例中的 more 在这儿表“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，怎么能说“ 再告诉你一些事 ”？除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词 but, and, or 和 so 的用法错误（可以归类为逻辑错误），以及冠词的用法错误等。例如：She was smiling but nodding at me. andIt looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. orWe may be one family and live under a same roof. the短文改错解题思路和检查原则1）句中各部分的结构是否完
9、整，特别是每个句子要有动词；2）谓语动词的时态、语态；3）非谓语动词的用法；4）名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确；5）定冠词和不定冠词是否正确；6）代词的格和性的使用是否有误；7）定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误；二、短文改错考点分类训练。1、主谓一致。(1) Her parents were in Shanghai, and so was his.(2) As is known to us all, remembering English words are not easy.2、形容词和副词。(3) Ill try to be more carefully next time.(4)
10、China is much more bigger than the United States.3、时态。(5) Just now Jim tells me his mother was ill.(6) I phone the other students a moment ago.4、缺词考点。(7) Charles said, “As soon I see a really tall building, I want to climb it.(8) Good health is persons most valuable possession. 5、名词。(9) Women live l
11、onger than men in most country.(10) The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time.6、介词。(11) We must serve for the people heart and soul. (12) I followed the man for a while, and saw him enter into the bank.7、冠词。(13) Her sister, who is nurse, will marry one of the doctors in the hospital.(14
12、) It was such wonderful dinner that we enjoyed it very much.8、非谓语动词。(15) In those days we were forced work twelve hours a day.(16) Its very difficult for a foreigner learn Chinese.9、动词。(17) I want to know how long the book can be keep. (18) Dont worry. Your child is well looking after here.10、代词。(19
13、) Here are some letters for you and he. (20) She loves swimming. It keeps she fit.11、并列连词。(21) Hurry up, and youll be late for school.(22) She never said she was rich, and she was.总之，短文改错题文章简单易懂，但是由于基础知识不扎实或受汉语影响而导致辨别不出错误的所在，所以复习时不但要总结知识，还要掌握一定的短文改错的做题技巧，再加上考试时沉着冷静、细心谨慎，相信同学们一定能做好短文改错。附练习：2011 年全国新课
14、标卷My summer travel started terribly . I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy buying a ticket to HangZhou. I was going to visit a friend here there and after that I would go to Xiamen for a long holiday. I bought my ticket but and turned around to pick up my bag form the floor and then I realized
15、that someone had stolen it. Luckily I had all my money on in my pocket, but the only clothes I had was were those I had on. It felt very strange to travel without any luggages luggage. When I finally arrived at my friend friends he lent to me lots of clothes. I feel felt very happy that I could change my clothes at last.
