1、1第一部分 概念及术 语 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z第二部分 练习题第三部分模 拟题及答案前言 15概念及术语 16BET公式 BET formula.16DLVO理论 DLVO theory 16HLB法 hydrophile-lipophile balance method.16pVT性质 pVT property 16 电势 zeta potential .16阿伏加德罗常数 Avogadronumber .16阿伏加德罗定律 Avogadro law .16阿累尼乌斯电离理论 Arrhenius ionizat
2、ion theory 16阿累尼乌斯方程 Arrhenius equation .17阿累尼乌斯活化能 Arrhenius activation energy 17阿马格定律 Amagat law .17艾林方程 Erying equation 17爱因斯坦光化当量定律 Einsteins law of photochemical equivalence .17爱因斯坦斯托克斯方程 Einstein-Stokes equation .17安托万常数 Antoine constant .17安托万方程 Antoine equation .17盎萨格电导理论 Onsagers theory of
3、conductance .17半电池 half cell 17半衰期 half time period .18饱和液体 saturated liquids 18饱和蒸气 saturated vapor 18饱和吸附量 saturated extent of adsorption .18饱和蒸气压 saturated vapor pressure .18爆炸界限 explosion limits .18比表面功 specific surface work 18比表面吉布斯函数 specific surface Gibbs function 18比浓粘度 reduced viscosity 18标
4、准电动势 standard electromotive force .18标准电极电势 standard electrode potential .18标准摩尔反应焓 standard molar reaction enthalpy .18标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数 standard Gibbs function of molar reaction 18标准摩尔反应熵 standard molar reaction entropy 19标准摩尔焓函数 standard molar enthalpy function .19标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数 standard molar Gibbs free
5、 energy function 19标准摩尔燃烧焓 standard molar combustion enthalpy .19标准摩尔熵 standard molar entropy .192标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation enthalpy 19标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数 standard molar formation Gibbs function 19标准平衡常数 standard equilibrium constant 19标准氢电极 standard hydrogen electrode 19标准态 standard state .19标准熵 sta
6、ndard entropy .20标准压力 standard pressure 20标准状况 standard condition 20表观活化能 apparent activation energy .20表观摩尔质量 apparent molecular weight .20表观迁移数 apparent transference number .20表面 surfaces .20表面过程控制 surface process control 20表面活性剂 surfactants 21表面吸附量 surface excess .21表面张力 surface tension 21表面质量作用定
7、律 surface mass action law 21波义尔定律 Boyle law 21波 义尔温度 Boyle temperature 21波义尔点 Boyle point .21玻尔兹曼常数 Boltzmann constant .22玻尔兹曼分布 Boltzmann distribution .22玻尔兹曼公式 Boltzmann formula 22玻尔兹曼熵定理 Boltzmann entropy theorem 22泊 Poise 22不可逆过程 irreversible process .22不可逆过程热力学 thermodynamics of irreversible pr
8、ocesses .22不可逆相变化 irreversible phase change 22布朗运动 brownian movement 22查理定律 Charles law .22产率 yield 23敞开系统 open system .23超电势 over potential .23沉降 sedimentation 23沉降电势 sedimentation potential 23沉降平衡 sedimentation equilibrium 23触变 thixotropy .23粗分散系统 thick disperse system 23催化剂 catalyst .23单分子层吸附理论 m
9、ono molecule layer adsorption .23单分子反应 unimolecular reaction 23单链反应 straight chain reactions .24弹式量热计 bomb calorimeter .24道尔顿定律 Dalton law .243道尔顿分压定律 Dalton partial pressure law 24德拜和法尔肯哈根效应 Debye and Falkenhagen effect .24德拜立方公式 Debye cubic formula 24德拜休克尔极限公式 Debye-Huckels limiting equation 24等焓过
10、程 isenthalpic process 24等焓线 isenthalpic line .24等几率定理 theorem of equal probability .24等温等容位 Helmholtz free energy 25等温等压位 Gibbs free energy 25等温方程 equation at constant temperature .25低共熔点 eutectic point .25低共熔混合物 eutectic mixture .25低会溶点 lower consolute point 25低熔冰盐合晶 cryohydric .26第二类永动机 perpetual
11、machine of the second kind .26第三定律熵 Third-Law entropy 26第一类永动机 perpetual machine of the first kind 26缔合化学吸附 association chemical adsorption 26电池常数 cell constant 26电池电动势 electromotive force of cells .26电池反应 cell reaction 27电导 conductance 27电导率 conductivity .27电动势的温度系数 temperature coefficient of elect
12、romotive force .27电动电势 zeta potential .27电功 electric work 27电化学 electrochemistry .27电化学极化 electrochemical polarization .27电极电势 electrode potential 27电极反应 reactions on the electrode .27电极种类 type of electrodes .27电解池 electrolytic cell 28电量计 coulometer .28电流效率 current efficiency .28电迁移 electro migratio
13、n 28电迁移率 electromobility 28电渗 electroosmosis .28电渗析 electrodialysis 28电泳 electrophoresis 28丁达尔效应 Dyndall effect .28定容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity under constant volume 28定容温度计 Constant voIume thermometer 28定压摩尔热容 molar heat capacity under constant pressure 29定压温度计 constant pressure thermometer 294定域子系统
14、localized particle system 29动力学方程 kinetic equations 29动力学控制 kinetics control .29独立子系统 independent particle system 29对比摩尔体积 reduced mole volume 29对比体积 reduced volume 29对比温度 reduced temperature 29对比压力 reduced pressure .29对称数 symmetry number 29对行反应 reversible reactions .29对应状态原理 principle of correspond
15、ing state .29多方过程 polytropic process .30多分子层吸附理论 adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers 30二级反应 second order reaction 30二级相变 second order phase change 30法拉第常数 faraday constant .31法拉第定律 Faradays law .31反电动势 back E.M.F. 31反渗透 reverse osmosis 31反应分子数 molecularity .31反应级数 reaction orders 31反应进度 exte
16、nt of reaction .32反应热 heat of reaction .32反应速率 rate of reaction .32反应速率常数 constant of reaction rate 32范德华常数 van der Waals constant .32范德华方程 van der Waals equation .32范德华力 van der Waals force 32范德华气体 van der Waals gases 32范特霍夫方程 vant Hoff equation .32范特霍夫规则 vant Hoff rule .33范特霍夫渗透压公式 vant Hoff equat
17、ion of osmotic pressure .33非基元反应 non-elementary reactions .33非体积功 non-volume work 33非依时计量学反应 time independent stoichiometric reactions 33菲克扩散第一定律 Ficks first law of diffusion .33沸点 boiling point 33沸点升高 elevation of boiling point .33费米狄拉克统计 Fermi-Dirac statistics .33分布 distribution .33分布数 distributio
18、n numbers .34分解电压 decomposition voltage 34分配定律 distribution law .34分散系统 disperse system 345分散相 dispersion phase .34分体积 partial volume .34分体积定律 partial volume law .34分压 partial pressure .34分压定律 partial pressure law .34分子反应力学 mechanics of molecular reactions .34分子间力 intermolecular force .34分子蒸馏 molecu
19、lar distillation .35封闭系统 closed system 35附加压力 excess pressure .35弗罗因德利希吸附经验式 Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption .35负极 negative pole 35负吸附 negative adsorption 35复合反应 composite reaction .35盖吕萨克定律 Gay-Lussac law .35盖斯定律 Hess law .35甘汞电极 calomel electrode 35感胶离子序 lyotropic series .35杠杆规则 lever r
20、ule .35高分子溶液 macromolecular solution 36高会溶点 upper consolute point 36隔离法 the isolation method .36格罗塞斯德雷珀定律 Grotthus-Draoers law .36隔离系统 isolated system 37根均方速率 root-mean-square speed 37功 work .37功函 work content .37共轭溶液 conjugate solution .37共沸温度 azeotropic temperature .37构型熵 configurational entropy 3
21、7孤立系统 isolated system 37固溶胶 solid sol 37固态混合物 solid solution .38固相线 solid phase line .38光反应 photoreaction 38光化学第二定律 the second law of actinochemistry 38光化学第一定律 the first law of actinochemistry .38光敏反应 photosensitized reactions 38光谱熵 spectrum entropy 38广度性质 extensive property .38广延量 extensive quantit
22、y .38广延性质 extensive property .38规定熵 stipulated entropy .38过饱和溶液 oversaturated solution .386过饱和蒸气 oversaturated vapor 38过程 process 39过渡状态理论 transition state theory 39过冷水 super-cooled water .39过冷液体 overcooled liquid 39过热液体 overheated liquid 39亥姆霍兹函数 Helmholtz function .39亥姆霍兹函数判据 Helmholtz function cr
23、iterion .39亥姆霍兹自由能 Helmholtz free energy 39亥氏函数 Helmholtz function .39焓 enthalpy .39亨利常数 Henry constant .39亨利定律 Henry law 39恒沸混合物 constant boiling mixture .40恒容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant volume .40恒容热 heat at constant volume .40恒外压 constant external pressure .40恒压摩尔热容 molar heat capacity a
24、t constant pressure .40恒压热 heat at constant pressure .40化学动力学 chemical kinetics 40化学反应计量式 stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction .40化学反应计量系数 stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction 40化学反应进度 extent of chemical reaction 41化学亲合势 chemical affinity 41化学热力学 chemical thermodynamics 41化学势 chem
25、ical potential .41化学势判据 chemical potential criterion .41化学吸附 chemisorptions .41环境 environment 41环境熵变 entropy change in environment 41挥发度 volatility .41混合熵 entropy of mixing 42混合物 mixture 42活度 activity .42活化控制 activation control .42活化络合物理论 activated complex theory .42活化能 activation energy 43霍根-华森图 Ho
26、ugen-Watson Chart .43基态能级 energy level at ground state .43基希霍夫公式 Kirchhoff formula 43基元反应 elementary reactions .43积分溶解热 integration heat of dissolution 43吉布斯杜亥姆方程 Gibbs-Duhem equation .43吉布斯亥姆霍兹方程 Gibbs-Helmhotz equation 437吉布斯函数 Gibbs function .43吉布斯函数判据 Gibbs function criterion .44吉布斯吸附公式 Gibbs ad
27、sorption formula .44吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy 44吉氏函数 Gibbs function .44极化电极电势 polarization potential of electrode 44极化曲线 polarization curves 44极化作用 polarization .44极限摩尔电导率 limiting molar conductivity 44几率因子 steric factor 44计量式 stoichiometric equation 44计量系数 stoichiometric coefficient .45价数规则 rule of
28、valence 45简并度 degeneracy .45键焓 bond enthalpy 45胶冻 broth jelly 45胶核 colloidal nucleus 45胶凝作用 demulsification 45胶束 micelle 45胶体 colloid 45胶体分散系统 dispersion system of colloid .45胶体化学 collochemistry .45胶体粒子 colloidal particles 45胶团 micelle 45焦耳 Joule 45焦耳-汤姆生实验 Joule-Thomson experiment 46焦耳-汤姆生系数 Joule-
29、Thomson coefficient .46焦耳-汤姆生效应 Joule-Thomson effect 46焦耳定律 Joules law 46接触电势 contact potential 46接触角 contact angle 46节流过程 throttling process .46节流膨胀 throttling expansion .46节流膨胀系数 coefficient of throttling expansion 46结线 tie line .46结晶热 heat of crystallization 47解离化学吸附 dissociation chemical adsorpt
30、ion .47界面 interfaces .47界面张力 surface tension 47浸湿 immersion wetting 47浸湿功 immersion wetting work .47精馏 rectify 47聚（合）电解质 polyelectrolyte 47聚沉 coagulation 478聚沉值 coagulation value 47绝对反应速率理论 absolute reaction rate theory 47绝对熵 absolute entropy .47绝对温标 absolute temperature scale .48绝热过程 adiabatic proc
31、ess 48绝热量热计 adiabatic calorimeter 48绝热指数 adiabatic index 48卡诺定理 Carnot theorem .48卡诺循环 Carnot cycle .48开尔文公式 Kelvin formula .48柯诺瓦洛夫吉布斯定律 Konovalov-Gibbs law 48科尔劳施离子独立运动定律 Kohlrauschs Law of Independent Migration of Ions .48可能的电解质 potential electrolyte 49可逆电池 reversible cell 49可逆过程 reversible proce
32、ss 49可逆过程方程 reversible process equation 49可逆体积功 reversible volume work .49可逆相变 reversible phase change 49克拉佩龙方程 Clapeyron equation .49克劳修斯不等式 Clausius inequality 49克劳修斯克拉佩龙方程 Clausius-Clapeyron equation 49控制步骤 control step .50库仑计 coulometer .50扩散控制 diffusion controlled .50拉普拉斯方程 Laplaces equation 50
33、拉乌尔定律 Raoult law .50兰格缪尔欣谢尔伍德机理 Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism .50雷利公式 Rayleigh equation 50兰格缪尔吸附等温式 Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula .50冷冻系数 coefficient of refrigeration .50冷却曲线 cooling curve 51离解热 heat of dissociation .51离解压力 dissociation pressure 51离域子系统 non-localized particle systems .51离子的标
34、准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation of ion 51离子的电迁移率 mobility of ions .51离子的迁移数 transport number of ions .51离子独立运动定律 law of the independent migration of ions .51离子氛 ionic atmosphere .51离子强度 ionic strength .51理想混合物 perfect mixture 52理想气体 ideal gas 52理想气体的绝热指数 adiabatic index of ideal gases .52理想气体的微观模型 m
35、icro-model of ideal gas .529理想气体反应的等温方程 isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions .52理想气体绝热可逆过程方程 adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gases .52理想气体状态方程 state equation of ideal gas 52理想稀溶液 ideal dilute solution 52理想液态混合物 perfect liquid mixture .52粒子 particles 52粒子的配分函数 partition funct
36、ion of particles 53连串反应 consecutive reactions 53链的传递物 chain carrier 53链反应 chain reactions 53量热熵 calorimetric entropy .53量子统计 quantum statistics .53量子效率 quantum yield 53临界参数 critical parameter .53临界常数 critical constant .53临界点 critical point .53临界胶束浓度 critical micelle concentration .53临界摩尔体积 critical
37、molar volume 54临界温度 critical temperature .54临界压力 critical pressure 54临界状态 critical state .54零级反应 zero order reaction 54流动电势 streaming potential 54流动功 flow work 54笼罩效应 cage effect 54路易斯兰德尔逸度规则 Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity .54露点 dew point 54露点线 dew point line .54麦克斯韦关系式 Maxwell relations 55麦克斯韦速率分布
38、Maxwell distribution of speeds .55麦克斯韦能量分布 MaxwelIdistribution of energy .55毛细管凝结 condensation in capillary 55毛细现象 capillary phenomena .55米凯利斯常数 Michaelis constant .55摩尔电导率 molar conductivity .56摩尔反应焓 molar reaction enthalpy 56摩尔混合熵 mole entropy of mixing .56摩尔气体常数 molar gas constant .56摩尔热容 molar h
39、eat capacity 56摩尔溶解焓 mole dissolution enthalpy 56摩尔稀释焓 mole dilution enthalpy .56内扩散控制 internal diffusions control 56内能 internal energy 56内压力 internal pressure 5610能级 energy levels 56能级分布 energy level distribution 57能量均分原理 principle of the equipartition of energy 57能斯特方程 Nernst equation 57能斯特热定理 Ner
40、nst heat theorem 57凝固点 freezing point .57凝固点降低 lowering of freezing point .57凝固点曲线 freezing point curve .58凝胶 gelatin 58凝聚态 condensed state 58凝聚相 condensed phase 58浓差超电势 concentration over-potential .58浓差极化 concentration polarization .58浓差电池 concentration cells 58帕斯卡 pascal .58泡点 bubble point .58泡点线
41、 bubble point line 58配分函数 partition function .58配分函数的析因子性质 property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state 58碰撞截面 collision cross section 59碰撞数 the number of collisions .59偏摩尔量 partial mole quantities 59平衡常数（理想气体反应） equilibrium
42、 constants for reactions of ideal gases .59平动配分函数 partition function of translation 59平衡分布 equilibrium distribution .59平衡态 equilibrium state 60平衡态近似法 equilibrium state approximation 60平衡状态图 equilibrium state diagram 60平均活度 mean activity 60平均活度系统 mean activity coefficient 60平均摩尔热容 mean molar heat cap
43、acity .60平均质量摩尔浓度 mean mass molarity 60平均自由程 mean free path .60平行反应 parallel reactions .61破乳 demulsification 61铺展 spreading 61普遍化范德华方程 universal van der Waals equation .61其它功 the other work .61气化热 heat of vaporization .61气溶胶 aerosol 61气体常数 gas constant .61气体分子运动论 kinetic theory of gases 61气体分子运动论的基本
44、方程 foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases 6211气溶胶 aerosol 62气相线 vapor line .62迁移数 transport number .62潜热 latent heat 62强度量 intensive quantity .62强度性质 intensive property .62亲液溶胶 hydrophilic sol 62氢电极 hydrogen electrodes 62区域熔化 zone melting .62热 heat .62热爆炸 heat explosion .62热泵 heat pump 63热
45、功当量 mechanical equivalent of heat 63热函 heat content .63热化学 thermochemistry 63热化学方程 thermochemical equation 63热机 heat engine 63热机效率 efficiency of heat engine 63热力学 thermodynamics .63热力学第二定律 the second law of thermodynamics .63热力学第三定律 the third law of thermodynamics 63热力学第一定律 the first law of thermody
46、namics 63热力学基本方程 fundamental equation of thermodynamics .64热力学几率 thermodynamic probability 64热力学能 thermodynamic energy .64热力学特性函数 characteristic thermodynamic function 64热力学温标 thermodynamic scale of temperature .64热力学温度 thermodynamic temperature 64热熵 thermal entropy 64热效应 heat effect 64熔点曲线 melting
47、point curve 64熔化热 heat of fusion .64溶胶 colloidal sol 65溶解焓 dissolution enthalpy .65溶液 solution .65溶胀 swelling .65乳化剂 emulsifier .65乳状液 emulsion .65润湿 wetting 65润湿角 wetting angle 65萨克尔泰特洛德方程 Sackur-Tetrode equation 66三相点 triple point .66三相平衡线 triple-phase line 66熵 entropy 6612熵判据 entropy criterion 66
48、熵增原理 principle of entropy increase 66渗透压 osmotic pressure .66渗析法 dialytic process .67生成反应 formation reaction .67升华热 heat of sublimation 67实际气体 real gas 67舒尔采哈迪规则 Schulze-Hardy rule .67松驰力 relaxation force .67松驰时间 time of relaxation .67速度常数 reaction rate constant .67速率方程 rate equations .67速率控制步骤 rate
49、 determining step 68塔费尔公式 Tafel equation .68态态反应 state-state reactions 68唐南平衡 Donnan equilibrium .68淌度 mobility .68特鲁顿规则 Trouton rule .68特性粘度 intrinsic viscosity 68体积功 volume work 68统计权重 statistical weight .68统计热力学 statistic thermodynamics .68统计熵 statistic entropy 68途径 path .68途径函数 path function 69外扩散控制 external diffusion control .69完美晶体 perfect crystalline 69完全气体 perfect gas .69微观状态 microstate .69微态 microstate .69韦斯顿标准电池 Weston standard battery 69维恩效应 Wien effect 69维里方程 virial equation 69维里系数 virial coefficient .69稳流过程 steady flow process 69稳态近似法 stationary state
