1、Cuboid Fractures,By: Philip Parr,Ligaments attaching to the Cuboid,Superior: The calcaneocuboid band of the bifurcate ligament dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament Inferior: The superficial fibers of the long plantar ligament help to form the peroneal canal deep fibers of the long plantar ligament attach
2、to the peroneal ridge short plantar ligament attach to the coronoid processlateral calcaneocuboid ligament interosseous ligaments (cuneocuboid and cuboideonavicular), dorsal ligaments (dorsal cuneocuboid and dorsal cuboideonavicular), and plantar tarsometatarsal ligaments (plantar cuboideonavicular
3、and plantar cuneocuboid) that help to secure the cuboid. FHB: origin at cuboid, along with 3rd cun, PT tendon,Fractures of the Cuboid,Avulsion Body Simple Stress Comminuted/Crush Fractures with dislocation,How Cuboid Fractures Occur,Fractures to the cuboid body occur as an axial rotatory force is ap
4、plied to the plantarflexed foot, which leads to a crescent-shaped fracture at the TM joint. Can also occur as a result of direct trauma to the area,Miller, R. Isolated Cuboid Fracture: A rare occurrence. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 91(2): 85-88, 2001,Stress Fractures of the Cuboid,These are very rare, an
5、d only a few cases have been reported in the literature Result of abnormal stress on normal bone Can be due to the abnormal gait of a toddler or secondary to increased instability at the MT joint. Instability creates increased pronation, causing the peroneus longus muscle to pull against a less stab
6、le fulcrum. May mimic peroneal tendonitis, C-C jt arthritis, Cuboid subluxation.,Miller, R. Isolated Cuboid Fracture: A rare occurrence. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 91(2): 85-88, 2001,Crush Fractures of the Cuboid,Occur when the cuboid is compressed between the base of the 4th/5th metatarsals, and the ca
7、lcaneus as a result of a severe abduction of the forefoot. The term “nutcracker effect” was coined by Hermel and Gerson-Cohen in 1953. Crush fractures can also occur as a result of severe trauma to the dorsal or lateral aspect of the foot, which is unlikely to affect the cuboid alone.,Miller, R. Iso
8、lated Cuboid Fracture: A rare occurrence. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 91(2): 85-88, 2001,Cuboid Dislocation,Due to anatomical factors, total dislocations of the cuboid are rare. - The most common direction is inferomedial, due to the variable nature of the plantar ligaments and the thickness of the dorsa
9、l and lateral capsular and extracapsular ligaments.,Miller, R. Isolated Cuboid Fracture: A rare occurrence. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 91(2): 85-88, 2001,Avulsion Fractures,Most often occur as a result of tension of: Inferior Calcaneocuboid ligament Lateral band of the bifurcate ligament Tarsometatarsal
10、 ligaments,Miller, R. Isolated Cuboid Fracture: A rare occurrence. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 91(2): 85-88, 2001,Diagnosis of Cuboid Fractures,Plain Film Lateral DP MO: best plainfilm view Bone Scan CT MRI,Miller, R. Isolated Cuboid Fracture: A rare occurrence. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 91(2): 85-88, 2001,
11、Treatment,Simple body fractures and non-displaced avulsion fractures: BK Weightbearing Cast for 6-8 wks,Miller, R. Isolated Cuboid Fracture: A rare occurrence. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 91(2): 85-88, 2001,Conservative vs Surgical Treatment of Displaced Fractures,Review of the literature: Main and Jowet
12、t 1975 study reported poor results w/ conservative treatment recommended ORIF DeLee advocated immediate treatment with ORIF to decrease the chance of DJD. Hermel and Gerson-Cohen believed immediate fusion was the best way to treat an intraartcular fracture,DELEE JC: “Fractures and Dislocations of th
13、e Foot,” in Surgery of the Foot, 5th Ed, ed by RA Mann, p 592, CV Mosby, St Louis, 1986.,MAIN BJ, JOWETT RL: Injuries of the midtarsal joint. J Bone Joint Surg Br 57: 89, 1975.,HERMEL MB, GERSHON-COHEN J: The nutcracker fracture of the cuboid body by indirect violence. Radiology 60:850, 1953.,Conser
14、vative vs Surgical Treatment of Displaced Fractures,In cases of displaced fractures, the first line of treatment should be closed reduction using an inversion-adduction force, while simultaneously pushing the cuboid superiorly. If this fails, treatment by ORIF is advised.,Miller, R. Isolated Cuboid
15、Fracture: A rare occurrence. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 91(2): 85-88, 2001,Complications,Malunion DJD Persistant subluxation Pes planovalgus,Miller, R. Isolated Cuboid Fracture: A rare occurrence. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 91(2): 85-88, 2001,FAI Study,12 Patients with a displaced fracture of the cuboid. 7
16、men, 5 women age 19-68. 4 patients with polytrauma 10 of 12 had combo of cuboid fracture with another midfoot injury, 2 with isolated cuboid fx. 5 required immediate fasciotomy for impending compartment syndrome.,Weber, M and Locher, S. Reconstruction of the Cuboid in Compression Fracture: Short to
17、Midterm results in 12 patients. FAI 2002.,FAI Study,Two basic fracture patterns: 1) Fractures involving an impaction of the dorsolateral aspect of the articular facets to metatarsals 4 and 5 (11 of 12 pts). 2) Additional crush fracture of the body of the cuboid, with consecutive shortening of the la
18、teral column of the foot (5 of 12 pts).,Weber, M and Locher, S. Reconstruction of the Cuboid in Compression Fracture: Short to Midterm results in 12 patients. FAI 2002.,FAI Study,8 of 12 were from MVA 1 from fall from horse 1 crush 1 paraglide 1 “sprain”,Weber, M and Locher, S. Reconstruction of the
19、 Cuboid in Compression Fracture: Short to Midterm results in 12 patients. FAI 2002.,FAI Study,Average delay to cuboid reconstruction in 9 patients was 12 days. One patient operated on immediately due to an irreducible complete medial midfoot dislocation. 2 patients operated on 6 and 7 weeks after th
20、e trauma.,Weber, M and Locher, S. Reconstruction of the Cuboid in Compression Fracture: Short to Midterm results in 12 patients. FAI 2002.,FAI Study,Operative technique Lateral incision along the axis of the fibula the the intermetatarsal space 4-5. The branches of sural nerve protected and Peroneus
21、 Tertius tendon partly released. PB and PL tendons retracted plantarly and the lateral central portion of EDB muscle is elevated. Ex-fix applied with pins in anterior process of calc, and the prox 4th met, used as distractor.,Weber, M and Locher, S. Reconstruction of the Cuboid in Compression Fractu
22、re: Short to Midterm results in 12 patients. FAI 2002.,FAI Study,Operative technique (contd) The periosteum over the fracture of the lateral wall is incised vertically, or in a T-type fashion, depending on fracture configuration. Lateral wall opened, and the fracture and joints inspected. In the cru
23、sh-type fractures, the depressed fragments elevated and the joint surface reconstructed. In 7 of 12 patients, blocks from the iliac crest were needed for bony support.,Weber, M and Locher, S. Reconstruction of the Cuboid in Compression Fracture: Short to Midterm results in 12 patients. FAI 2002.,FAI
24、 Study,Operative technique (contd) The lateral wall fragments were then reduced, and the construct stabilized using 2 2.0 mm plates dorsolaterally and plantarlaterally.,Weber, M and Locher, S. Reconstruction of the Cuboid in Compression Fracture: Short to Midterm results in 12 patients. FAI 2002.,FA
25、I Study,Operative Technique (contd) Intraop oblique radiograph obtained, and quality of articular reconstruction and reestablishment of lateral column length is judged compared to preop oblique radiograph of opposite side. Construct tested for stability by releasing distractor. If not stable enough,
26、 ex-fix can be left for 4 weeks. Peroneus tertius tendon is then repaired and wound closed in layers.,Weber, M and Locher, S. Reconstruction of the Cuboid in Compression Fracture: Short to Midterm results in 12 patients. FAI 2002.,FAI Study,Postop treatment: NWB in cast x 6 wks, PWB boot for 4-6 wks
27、. Unprotected full WB allowed at 12 wks. F/U: Overall f/u was 12-47 mos, ave 27. At latest f/u, radiographs taken of both feet to assess lateral column and cublid length.,Weber, M and Locher, S. Reconstruction of the Cuboid in Compression Fracture: Short to Midterm results in 12 patients. FAI 2002.,
28、FAI Study,Results No intra- or postop complications, wound healing uneventful. WB progressed as planned. No correction was lost secondarily. Lateral column length restored, but a step off of 1-2 mm between articular facets to the 4th and 5th met present in 2 patients. No secondary operations have be
29、en necessary, with the exception of hardware removal.,Weber, M and Locher, S. Reconstruction of the Cuboid in Compression Fracture: Short to Midterm results in 12 patients. FAI 2002.,FAI Study,Results: Residual disability was seen in nine out of the 12 patients. Three of them complained of pain in t
30、he lateral column, three of pain in the medial column and two of diffuse stiffness in the midfoot. Discomfort seemed to be worse for the patients with medial column pain than for patients with lateral column pain. The worst result was seen in the patient with the crush injury of the foot.,Weber, M a
31、nd Locher, S. Reconstruction of the Cuboid in Compression Fracture: Short to Midterm results in 12 patients. FAI 2002.,FAI Study,Conclusions CT Scan is necessity Iliac Crest Corticocancellous bone grafts ORIF needed for displaced cuboid fractures mostly to restore lateral column length. No non-operative control group,Weber, M and Locher, S. Reconstruction of the Cuboid in Compression Fracture: Short to Midterm results in 12 patients. FAI 2002.,The End,
