1、第8讲 动词的分类,根据句意及汉语提示完成句子。1.In order to _ (打破纪录) for long run again,he has been keeping a hard training for ten years.2.We all know it is very necessary to _ ( 做,运动) in the morning.,break record,do sports/exercise,3.It is very important to _ (记下) what the teacher,said when we have a class.,write down,
2、make a,4.Linda likes the winter a lot because she can _(堆雪人) with her classmates on the playground.,snowman,5.Miss Wang has a habit of _ (购物) withher good friends on Sunday afternoon.6.Its raining now.Please _ (穿上) your raincoat,when you go out.,going shopping,put on,7.The fish _ (吃起来) delicious.8.Y
3、ou _ (必须) look at the traffic lights before you go,across the road.,tastes,must,bring,pour,9.Dont forget to _ ( 带 来 ) your homework toschool next week.10.Could you help me _ (倒出) some orange juiceinto the glass?,考情透析：在广东省中考英语试卷中，动词的考查范围主要集中于单项填空、完形填空和短文填空题，其考查的内容主要是连系动词、实义动词、助动词、情态动词等的基本用法、易混动词及动词短语
4、的辨析以及固定搭配等。就近三年广东省中考英语试题来看，单项填空题主要是考查动词短语的词义辨析和情态动词辨析，完形填空题主要是词义辨析，短文填空题主要是动词的基本用法。,动词可以按照其含义及它们在句中的功能分成四类：连系,动词、实义动词、助动词和情态动词。,连系动词,连系动词又叫系动词，本身有一定意义，但不能独立做谓语，需与其后做表语的形容词、名词或介词(短语)一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。常见系动词有：,1.表示状态变化的系动词：become, get, turn, go, grow 等，表示“变得；成为”，一般后跟形容词做表语。如：,Square dancing is b
5、ecoming more and more popular these,days.最近广场舞正变得越来越流行。,Its getting colder and colder.天气变得越来越冷了。,2.表示持续变化的系动词：keep, stay, remain 等，表示“保,持”。如：,She always keeps silent in class.她在班上总是保持沉默。,3.表示感官的系动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等，表,示“起来”，常跟形容词做表语。如：He looked very excited.他看起来很兴奋。Roses smell sweet.
6、玫瑰闻起来很香。,4.其他类的系动词：be 动词， seem, come, fall 等。如：The coats over there seems very beautiful.那边的上衣好像很,漂亮。,注意：系动词没有被动语态。,实义动词,实义动词又叫行为动词，表示动作或状态，在句中能独立做谓语。它一般分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)两种。1.及物动词：后面必须跟宾语才能使其意义完整，如 like,make, clean, love 等。其结构有：,(1)动词宾语。如：,I am reading an interesting book.我正在看一本有趣的书。,(2)动词宾语宾语补
7、足语。如：,We saw the students playing basketball just now. 刚才我们看,到学生们正在打篮球。,(3)动词间接宾语直接宾语。常见的动词有 give, show,bring, lend, borrow, buy, make, pass, return, get 等。如：Please show me your passport.请给我看看你的护照。,2.不及物动词：本身意义完整，其后不必跟宾语；如果要 跟宾语，则要与介词搭配，如 come, go, leave, laugh, listen, run,swim, stand 等。其结构主要有两种：(1
8、)动词介词。如：,talk to/with 和交谈worry about 担心get to 到达 look at 看一看,laugh at 嘲笑speak to 与说话arrive in/at 到达 listen to 听(某人或某物),wait for 等候注意：这类动词短语在接代词宾格或名词做宾语时，必须将其放在介词之后，而不能放在动词与介词之间。如：,look at the sky,wait for you,worry about it,(2)动词副词。如：,eat up 吃完pick up 捡起take away 拿走turn up 调大(音量等)put on 穿上give back
9、归还,give up 放弃ring up 打电话write down 记下try on 试穿take off 脱下look over 检查,注意：这类动词短语在接代词宾格做宾语时，必须将其放在动词和副词之间；当名词做宾语时，放在副词的前后均可。如：,put them downtry them onput down the ladder,take it awayturn it offtake the food awaytry on the hat,3. 有 些 动 词 (beat, close, open, start, drive, play, speak, sing,wake, win, s
10、top, cook 等)既可做及物动词，也可做不及物动词，但意义不同。如：,The crops grow well in the field.地里的庄稼长得很好。(grow,是不及物动词，表示“生长”),The old man grows vegetables in his garden.这个老人在园子,里种菜。(grow 是及物动词，表示“种植”),助动词,助动词本身无意义，不能单独做谓语，必须和其他动词连用，帮助构成疑问句、否定句以及各种时态、语态、语气等。常见的助动词有：be (am, is, are, was, were), do (does, did), have(has, had)
11、, will, would, shall, should 等。其中 do, have 也可做实义动词。,其用法主要有：,1.“助动词 be动词的现在分词”构成进行时态。如：What were you doing at the time yesterday? 昨天这个时候你,正在做什么？,2.“助动词 be动词的过去分词”构成被动语态。如： Chinese is learned by too many foreigners in the world. 世界,上太多的外国人学习汉语。,3.“助动词 have/has/had 动词的过去分词”构成完成时,态。如：,Has she gone to Be
12、ijing yet? 她已经去北京了吗？,4.助动词 do/does/did 用于构成否定句和疑问句，也可用于 倒装句，加强说话人的语气以及替代前面刚出现的动词等。如：,Do you want to go there? 你想去那儿吗？ Yes, I do.是的，我想。,Only then did I find that there was nobody in the hall.到那时,我才发现大厅里没有人了。,5.助动词 will, shall 用于构成将来时态，其中 shall 只用于第,一人称，will 可用于各种人称。如：,Shall we sing a song now? 我们现在唱首
13、歌好吗？,He will speak at the meeting by then.到那时他将在大会上发,言。,情态动词,情态动词本身具有一定的意义，本身并不表示动作或状态，不能单独做谓语，后面必须跟动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气、态度以及请求、愿望等。它没有人称和数的变化(have to, be able to 除外)。常见的情态动词有：can, could, may,might, must, should, would, need 等。,1.can 的用法,注意：(1)can 与 be able to 的区别,(2)could 在下列情况下不表示过去时态：,提出委婉的请求时，cou
14、ld 比can 客气、委婉，但不能用,could 回答，只能用 can 回答。如：,Could I have a look at the bracelet？我可以看一看这个,手镯吗？,Yes, you can./No, you cant.是的，可以。/不，不行。在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑时，相当于might，,表示“可能，也许”。如：,He couldnt be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。,2.may 的用法,注意：以 May I 开头的一般疑问句，其肯定回答可用“Yes,you may.”、“Yes, please.”或“Certainly./OK./Sure.”等；否定回
15、答可用“No, you cant.” 、“No, you mustnt ( 不可以).”或“Pleasedont.”等。,3.must 的用法,(续表),注意：must 与have to 的区别,4.need 的用法,need 意为“需要”，既可做情态动词，也可做实义动词。做情态动词时多用于疑问句和否定句中，否定式为 neednt，表示“不必”。做实义动词时，后接动词不定式或名词，即：need/dont need to do sth. 或 need sth. ；当主语是物时，用 needdoing 表示被动的含义，相当于 need to be done。 如：,Need I go there？
16、我需要去那里吗？(做情态动词),I dont need to buy a new schoolbag.我不需要买新书包。(做实义动词)I neednt buy a new schoolbag.我不必买新书包。(做情态动词),The trees need watering.这些树需要浇水了。(主动形式表示,被动)The trees need to be watered.,5.should 的用法,should 意为“应该”，表示义务、责任，可用于各种人称；,其否定式为 shouldnt。如：,You shouldnt give up.You should try your best. 你不应该放
17、,弃，你应该竭尽全力。,6.had better 的用法,had better 意为“最好”，其否定式为 had better not，表示劝告、忠告，后接动词原形；疑问句中需提前助动词 had。如：,We had better let him go.我们最好让他走。,Youd better not play soccer near the road.你最好不要在公路,边踢足球。,动词短语,广东省中考英语常考动词短语的构成方式有以下几种：1.同一动词不同介词/副词(1)put 短语。如：put off 推迟,put away 放好；收起,put on 上演；穿上；戴上put down 放下,p
18、ut up 举起；搭起；张贴put out 熄灭；扑灭,(2)pick 短语。如： pick out 挑出,pick off 摘掉/去,pick up 拾起；捡起；(开车)接人 (3)look 短语。如： look out 当心,look through 浏览；翻阅 look up 向上看；查询 look for 寻找,look around 向四周看 look after 照顾 look over 检查,(4)give 短语。如：give up 放弃,give out 分发；散发give away 捐赠,give in 屈服；让步give back 归还,(5)take 短语。如：take
19、turns 轮流take care 小心,take out 取出；拿出take over 接管；接收take away 带走,take after 长得像(某人)take place 发生,take off 脱下；(飞机等)起飞,take up 拿起；开始从事；占据(时间、地方),(6)turn 短语。如：turn on 打开turn off 关闭,turn up 出现；调高(音量)turn down 拒绝；调低(音量),2.不同动词同一介词/副词(1)on 短语。如：,get on 上车keep on 继续(进行)pass on 传递insist on 坚持live on 以为生,go on
20、 继续come on 快点；加油hold on 坚持；(打电话)别挂断carry on 继续depend on 依靠；取决于,(2)up 短语。如：,dress up 乔装打扮hurry up 赶紧；快点clean up 打扫干净make up 组成set up 建立stay up 熬夜,use up 用完end up 以结束cheer up 使振作/高兴起来grow up 长大send up 发射show up 露面；出现wake up 醒来,(3)down 短语。如：,slow down 慢下来；减速lie down 躺下agree with 同意某人的意见do with 处理；对待,fa
21、ll down 跌倒cut down 砍倒(4)with 短语。如：fill with 充满；装满；填满deal with 处理；对待compare with 与作比较argue with 和争吵,(5)away 短语。如：,run away 逃跑get away 离开send away 开除；解雇come over 顺便来访；过来,throw away 扔掉go away 走开move away 移动(6)over 短语。如：think over 仔细考虑go over 复习,3.动词副词介词。如：look forward to 期待,stay/keep away from 远离catch
22、up with 赶上,get along with 与相处run out of 用完；用尽,注意：一些动词的固定用法经常出现在考题中，需要特别,记忆。如：,finish doing sth.完成做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事,stop doing sth.停止正在做的某事,stop to do sth.停下来去做某事(另一件),forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(某事已完成)forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(某事尚未做),1.Mum，_ I visit the Modern Art Museum nextMonday?Im afraid you ca
23、nt.All the museums in this city are closed on Monday.(2016 年广东),A.would,B.need,C.should,D.may,点拨选 D,考查情态动词的用法。句意：“妈妈，下周,一我可以去参观现代美术博物馆吗？”“恐怕不能，周一本市所有的博物馆都闭馆。”回答may 开头的疑问句，肯定回答用“Yes, please./Yes, you may.”否定回答则用“No, you cant/mustnt.”。结合答语中的 cant 可知应用 may。,2.Martin and Susan _ for Shanghai to attend a
24、ninternational meeting yesterday.(2016 年广东),A.put off,B.fell off,C.set off,D.kept off,点拨选C,考查动词短语的辨析。句意：昨天马丁和苏珊,出发去上海参加一次国际会议。put off 推迟；fall off 跌倒；set off出发；keep off 保持不接触，结合空后的 for Shanghai 可知应该是“出发”，故选 C。,3.Miss Wang, Im sorry I am late because I _ tocatch the early bus.It doesnt matter.Youd bet
25、ter come to school earlier nexttime.(2016 年深圳),A.needed,B.failed,C.managed,点拨选B,考查动词的词义辨析。句意：“王老师，对不,起我迟到了因为我没能赶上早班车。”“没关系。你最好下次早点来学校。”needed 需要；failed 失败；managed 设法对付。fail to do sth.意思是“没能做成某事”，迟到的原因是没能赶上早班车。,4.This summer a lot of athletes will go to Brazil to _the 2016 Rio Olympics.I love sports
26、and I cant wait to enjoy the exciting moments.(2016 年深圳),A.take part in,B.take pride in,C.take in,点拨选A,考查动词短语的辨析。句意：“今年夏天许多,运动员将去巴西参加 2016 年里约热内卢奥运会。”“我喜欢运动而且我迫不及待要享受那令人激动的时刻了。”take part in参加；take pride in 因而骄傲；take in 理解、吸收、欺骗。take part in 后面接活动。故选 A。,5.Mum, shall we go to the beach tomorrow?It _ t
27、he weather.(2015 年广东),A.carries onC.depends on点拨选C,B.lives onD.holds on考查动词短语的辨析。句意为“妈妈，我们明,天能去海滩吗？”“要看天气情况。”carry on 执行；live on居住在；depend on 依赖；取决于；hold on 坚持。故选 C。,6.Look! The traffic light has turned red.We _ stop ourcar.(2015 年广东),A.can,B.cant,C.must,D.mustnt,点拨选C,考查情态动词的用法。根据语境可知，红灯停,了，必须停车。故选
28、C。,7.I cant see anything in the room.Please help me _the lights.(2015 年汕尾),A.turn on,B.turn up,C.turn down,D.turn off,点拨选 A,考查动词短语的辨析。句意：我在房间里看不,见东西，请帮我打开灯。turn on 打开；turn up 调高，出现；turndown 调低，拒绝；turn off 关掉。故选 A。,8.Jenny finally got the job because she _ speak Englishwell.(2015 年佛山),A.might,B.must,
29、C.could,点拨选 C,考查情态动词的用法 。might 或许，表推测；,must 一定，表非常肯定的推测；could 表能力，可看作can 的过去式。这里表达的是 Jenny 有说好英语的能力。故选 C。,9.I will miss my family when I go abroad for further studythis autumn.Dont worry.You can _ them by e-mail.(2014 年广东),A.come up withC.make friends with,B.get along withD.keep in touch with,点拨选 D,
30、考查动词短语的用法。come up with 意为“想,出”；get along with 意为“与相处”；make friends with意为“与交朋友”；keep in touch with 意为“与保持联系”。由 by e-mail 可知是表示“通过邮件保持联系”。故选D。,10._ you come with me to Lang Langs piano concertthis evening?Id love to, but I have to study for my math test.(2014 年广东),A.Should,B.May,C.Must,D.Can,点拨选 D,考查
31、情态动词的用法 。根据答语可知，问句,表示请求，应用 can。故选 D。,11.Do you want to eat here?No.Just fish and chips to _， please.(2014 年广州),A.get awayC.send away点拨 选B,B.take awayD.throw away考查动词短语的辨析。get away 逃离；take,away 带走；send away 开除，解雇；throw away 扔掉。根据语境，可知横线处应表示“带走”，故选 B。,12.You can do lots of things in a science museum,
32、but you_ obey the rules.(2014 年佛山),A.can,B.may,C.have to,点拨选 C,考查情态动词的用法。由 rules 可知，横线处,表示“必须”遵守，故选 C。13.Some people _ feel sick when they read a book ina car or on a boat.(2014 年梅州),A.must,B.should,C.may,D.need,点拨选 C,考查情态动词的用法。句意：一些人在汽车里,或船上看书时也许会觉得晕。由题意可知表示不确定的可能性，故选 C。,14.Again and again the doct
33、or _ the crying baby girl,but he couldnt find out what was wrong with her.(2013 年广东),A.looked overC.looked for,B.looked afterD.looked out,点拨选 A,考查动词短语的辨析。句意：医生一遍又一遍,地给小女孩检查，可还是找不出她哭闹的原因。look over 检查；look after 照顾；look for 寻找；look out 小心。故选 A。,15.Someone is knocking at the door.Is it Ann?It _ be her.
34、She is giving a performance at thetheatre now.(2013 年广东),A.may,B.must,C.cant,D.mustnt,点拨选 C,考查情态动词的用法。句意：“有人在敲门，,是安吗？”“不可能是她，她正在剧院做表演。”由答句的后半句可知，表示否定的推测。故选 C。,16.Thanks for your invitation, but Im so sorry I cant go.Ineed to _ my baby at home.(2013 年广州),A.take awayC.take care of点拨选 C,B.take offD.tak
35、e out of考查动词短语的辨析。句意：谢谢你的邀请，,但是很抱歉我不能去。我得在家照顾孩子。take away 拿走，带走；take off 起飞；take care of 照看；take out of 取出；根据句意，应选 C。,17.Must I finish my homework now?No, you _.You can go home now.(2013 年广州),A.neednt,B.mustnt,C.shouldnt,D.cant,点拨选 A,考查情态动词的用法。must 引导的一般疑问,句的否定回答用 neednt.故选 A。18.Lets get a bite to e
36、at.I bet you _ be starving.(2013年佛山),A.cant,B.must,C.need,点拨选 B,考查情态动词的用法。句意：让我们随便吃点,东西吧，我敢打赌你现在一定饿了。此处三个选项中，能表示“一定”的是 must，表肯定的推测。故选 B。,19.I love this song by Lady Gaga.Would you _ theTV a bit, please？I cant hear it clearly.(2012 年广东),A.turn onC.turn up点拨选 C,B.turn offD.turn down考查动词短语的辨析。turn on 打开；turn off,关闭；turn up 开大点；turn down 调低点。根据最后一句“我不能听清楚”，可知要求把电视音量开大一点，故选 C。,
