1、,WNU One-Week Orientation CourseKey Issues in the World Nuclear Industry Today Beijing, China; 29 June-3 July 2009,选址 (Siting) 安全标准 (safety standards),Abel J. Gonzlez副主席: 国际辐射防护委员会 (ICRP) 代表: 联合国原子辐射影响问题科学委员会 (辐射 科委 - UNSCEAR) 代表: CSS, 国际原子能机构 (原子能机构 - IAEA) 阿根廷 - 监管当局 (Argentine Nuclear Regulatory
2、Authority)Av. del Libertador 8250, (1429)Buenos Aires, Argentina; +54 1163231306; agonzalezarn.gob.ar,S,17 September, 2018,2,国际原子能机构 The IAEA is the only organ within the UN system with specific statutory responsibilities on safety standards for sitting,S,17 September, 2018,3,安全标准 to establish stand
3、ards,應用程序 to provide for their application,公约 to service international conventions,国际原子能机构规约 IAEA statutory functions,S,国际原子能机构（原子能机构）安全标准 根据原子能机构规约第三条的规定， 原子能机构受权制定或采取旨在保护 健康及尽量减少对生命与财产的危险的安全标准， 并规定适用这些标准。,Under article III of its Statute the IAEA is authorized to establish standards of safety and
4、to provide for their applications,S,选址,为一个设施选择一个合适厂址的过程， 包括对有关设计基础的适当评估和界定。,The process of selecting a suitable site for a facility, including appropriate assessment and definition of the related design bases.,S,Legally Binding Conventions,公约,S,Convention on Nuclear Safety,S,Article 17: 选址 (Siting),
5、Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps to ensure that appropriate procedures are established and implemented:,S,Article 17: 选址 (Siting),(i) for evaluating all relevant site-related factors likely to affect the safety of a nuclear installation for its projected lifetime;,S,Article 17
6、: 选址 (Siting),(ii) for evaluating the likely safety impact of a proposed nuclear installation on individuals, society and the environment;,S,Article 17: 选址 (Siting),(iii) for re-evaluating as necessary all relevant factors referred to in sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii) so as to ensure the continued safe
7、ty acceptability of the nuclear installation;,S,Article 17: 选址 (Siting),(iv) for consulting Contracting Parties in the vicinity of a proposed nuclear installation, insofar as they are likely to be affected by that installation and, upon request providing the necessary information to such Contracting
8、 Parties, in order to enable them to evaluate and make their own assessment of the likely safety impact on their own territory of the nuclear installation.,S,国际原子能机构,安全标准 (Safety standards),S,Fundamental Safety Principles,基本安全原则,S,S,安全目标: 基本安全目标是保护人类和环境免于电离辐射的有害影响。,SAFETY OBJECTIVE: The fundamental
9、safety objective is to protect people and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation.,S,基本安全目标适用于所有设施和活动及设施或辐射源寿期中的所有阶段， 包括规划、 选址、 设计、 制造、 建设、 调试和运行以及退役和关闭,The fundamental safety objective applies for all facilities and activities, and for all stages over the lifetime of a facility o
10、r radiation source, including planning, SITING, design, manufacturing, construction, commissioning and operation, as well as decommissioning and closure.,S,基本安全原则 The international fundamental safety principles,原则1： 安全责任 原则2： 政府职责 原则3： 对安全的领导和管理 原则4： 设施和活动的合理性 原则5： 防护的最优化 原则6： 限制对个人造成的危险 原则7： 保护当代和后
11、代 原则8： 防止事故 原则9： 应急准备和响应 原则10： 采取防护行动减少现有的或未受监管控制的辐射危险,1: Responsibility for safety 2: Role of government 3: Leadership and management for safety 4: Justification of facilities and activities 5: Optimization of protection 6: Limitation of risks to individuals 7: Protection of present and future gene
12、rations 8: Prevention of accidents 9: Emergency preparedness and response 10: Protective actions to reduce existing or unregulated radiation risks,S,要求,Requirements国内法、国际法或条例或原子能机构“安全基本法则”或“安全要求”所要求的。,S,S,要求 requirements,地震 (earthquakes)断层表面 (Surface faulting) 气象事件(Meteorological events) 海啸 (Floodin
13、g)外部事件(External events),S,导则,guides,S,抗震性能验证,seismic qualification地震 (earthquakes)断层表面 (Surface faulting),S,S,S,气象事件,(Meteorological events),S,S,海啸,(Flooding),S,S,外部事件,external events与设施的运行或活动的开展无关、 但可能对设施或活动的安全产生影响的事件o对核设施而言，外部事件的典型实例包括地震、飓风、海啸和飞机坠毁。Events unconnected with the operation of a facili
14、ty or the conduct of an activity that could have an effect on the safety of the facility or activity. Typical examples of external events for nuclear facilities include earthquakes, tornadoes, tsunamis and aircraft crashes.,S,S,效应和相关参数 Effects and associated parameters,air pressure wave and wind; pr
15、ojectile impact; heat (fire) smoke and dust; toxic and asphyxiant gases; chemical attack by corrosive or radioactive gases, aerosols or liquids; shaking of the ground; flooding or lack of water; ground subsidence (or collapse) and/or landslide; electromagnetic interference; eddy currents into the gr
16、ound., 空气压力波和风； 抛射物冲击； 热（火）； 烟雾和尘土； 有毒气体和窒息气体； 由腐蚀性或放射性气体、 气溶胶或液体造成的化学侵蚀； 地面震动； 洪水或缺水； 地面下沉（或塌陷）和/或塌方； 电磁干扰； 涡流进入地下。,S,筛选和评价程序的一般流程图 （带底纹的方框代表已完成序列） General flow diagram for the screening and evaluation procedure (shaded boxes represent completed sequences),S,大气弥散 atmospheric dispersion水动力学弥散 hydrodynamic dispersion特殊居民组 special population groups,S,S,http:/www-ns.iaea.org/standards/,
