1、高考能力层级(二) 使用较多的语法结构 用时4课时,第四周 并列句和状语从句的写作,一 、并列句并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。,1常见并列句的类型及并列连词,类型,连词,并列关系 (递进关系),and, both . and ., not only . but also ., neither . nor ., when,转折关系,but, yet, whereas,选择关系,or, otherwise, or else, either . or ., not . but .,因果关系,for, s
2、o, therefore, thus,对比关系,while,Talents come from diligence, and knowledge is gained by accumulation. 天才在于勤奋，知识在于积累。 Not only does he speak English correctly, but also he speaks it fluently. 他不仅能正确地说英语，而且说得很流利。 Ms. Li spent a wonderful time with us, but we know that we cannot thank her enough for all
3、her hard work and guidance.(2012陕西书面表达) 李老师和我们度过了一段快乐的时光，但我们知道对她所有的付出和指导再怎么感谢也不为过。,What he lacks is not intelligence but perseverance. 他所缺乏的不是聪明才智而是毅力。 I apologized to her, for I had wronged her. 我向她道歉了，因为我错怪了她。 Im good at science while my sister prefers arts. 我擅长理科而我妹妹更喜欢文科。,2并列连词构成的常用句式 (1)and构成的句
4、式 祈使句and陈述句(祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，and后面的句子相当于一个表示结果的主句)。 Work hard and you will succeed.( If you work hard, you will succeed.) 努力学习，你就会成功。 名词词组and陈述句(名词词组相当于一个条件状语从句，其中常含有more, another等词)。 Another try, and youll make a success. 再试一次，你就会取得成功。,(2)or (else)/otherwise构成的句式 祈使句or (else)/otherwise陈述句。 Seize the
5、chance, or (else) youll regret. 抓住这次机会，否则你会后悔的。 名词词组or (else)/otherwise陈述句。 More healthy food, or youll break down early or late. 多吃健康食品，不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。,(3)when构成的句式 sb. was doing sth. when . 某人正在做某事，这时 We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会，这时突然有人闯了进来。 sb. was about to do sth. when . 某
6、人正要做某事，这时,We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain. 我们正打算动身，突然下起雨来了。 sb. had just done sth. when . 某人刚做完某事，这时 I had just finished sweeping the floor when the telephone rang. 我刚刚拖完地，这时电话铃响了。,二、状语从句在英语写作中，状语从句的运用也是高考英语高分作文的必需条件，所以考生必须学会并熟练运用状语从句。状语从句修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词，由从属连词引导，可位于句首，也可位于主句后
7、。状语从句在句首时，往往用逗号把从句与主句隔开。,1引导状语从句的连词分类,状语从句,连词,时间,when, whenever, as, while, before, after, till, until, as soon as, hardly . when, no sooner . than, scarcely . when, each time, every time, the first time, the last time, the moment, the minute, the second, the day, immediately,地点,where, wherever, eve
8、rywhere,状语从句,连词,条件,if, unless, providing/provided that, supposing/suppose that, as long as, so long as, on condition that, in case, only if, if only,原因,because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that, in that,让步,though, although, even if, even though, as, while, whatever, whoever, whenev
9、er, wherever, however, no matter, whether . or .,状语从句,连词,比较,as, than, the same as, not so . as, as . as,方式,as if, as though,目的,that, in order that, so that, in case, for fear that, lest,结果,so that, so . that, such . that, but that,在写好简单句的基础上，要写好含状语从句的复合句，掌握引导每种状语从句的连词是关键，因为状语从句内的结构与简单句相同，我们需要什么状语从句，
10、只需在句前加上相应的连词即可。当然我们还需分清复合句中哪是主句，哪是从句。,2状语从句的常用句型结构 (1)时间状语从句 When/While/As从句，主句 When he comes, well light the candles and sing “Happy Birthday” together for him.(2012全国卷书面表达) 当他到来时，我们将点起蜡烛一起为他唱生日歌。 As the world is becoming a global village, English is getting more and more important, so mastering En
11、glish means we can see the world through a new window.(2012四川书面表达) 随着世界逐步变成地球村，英语变得越来越重要，因此掌握英语就意味着通过一个新的窗口看世界。,主句after/before从句 They hadnt been married for four months before they divorced. 他们结婚不到四个月就离婚了。 We went home after we finished the work. 我们完成工作就回家了。 主句until从句 I worked until he came back. 我一
12、直工作到他回来。 I didnt work until he came back. 他回来后我才开始工作。,No soonerhad主语done . than主语did(注意：其正常语序是：主语hadno soonerdone . than主语did) No sooner had I got to Beijing than I called you. I had no sooner got to Beijing than I called you. 我一到北京就给你打电话了。,By the time (that)从句主句(注意：主句用完成时态) By the time you came bac
13、k, I had finished reading this book. 到你回来时，我已经读完这本书了。 By the time you come back, I will have finished reading this book. 到你回来时，我将读完这本书。,Each/Every time (that)从句主句(each/every time相当于whenever或no matter when) Each time he comes to Harbin, he always drops in on me. 每当他来哈尔滨的时候，他总会顺便来看我。 (2)地点状语从句 主句where
14、从句 Farming is difficult or impossible where there is no rain. 在没有雨水的地方种庄稼是很难的或者说是不可能的。,Anywhere/Wherever从句主句 Anywhere I go, my wife goes, too. 无论我去哪儿，我的妻子也都要跟着去。 (3)条件状语从句 When/So long as/As long as/Once从句主句(从句也可以放在主句之后) As long as you give me some money, I will let you go. 只要你给我一些钱，我就让你走。,Were/Shou
15、ld/Had主语谓语主句 Were I you, I would have gone there yesterday. 如果我是你的话，昨天我就去那儿了。 主句unless从句(注意：从句谓语动词用肯定形式) I will go there tomorrow unless it rains. 如果明天不下雨，我就去那儿。,Ifnecessary/impossible/important .主句(从句常用省略句式) If necessary, I will do it. 如果有必要的话，我来做此事。 (4)原因状语从句 主句for fear (that)/considering that/see
16、ing that从句 Take your raincoat for fear (that) it may rain. 带上你的雨衣，恐怕要下雨。,主句because从句 He was late for work because he was caught in the traffic. 因为堵车，他上班迟到了。 As/Since从句主句 Since she cant answer this question, its better to ask someone else. 既然她不会回答这个问题，最好问其他人好了。,(5)让步状语从句 No matter what/which/who/wher
17、e/when/whose从句主句(注意：从句常用一般现在时) No matter what you do, you must do it well. Whatever you do, you must do it well. 无论你做什么，一定要做好。 No matter where you go, please let me know. Wherever you go, please let me know. 你无论去哪儿，请通知我。,形容词/副词/名词as/though主语谓语主句(从句中名词作表语时，其前不加冠词) Hard as he works, I am sure that he
18、cant pass this exam. 虽然他学习很努力，但我认为这次考试他肯定通不过。 Boy as he is, he is his mothers good help. 尽管他还是个孩子，他已经是妈妈的好帮手了。 (6)目的状语从句 主句in order that/so that从句 I got up early in order that I could catch the first bus. 我起得很早，以便能赶上早班车。,(7)结果状语从句 主句so that从句 It was very cold so that the river froze. 天气很冷，因此河水结冰了。 S
19、o形容词/副词系动词/助动词主语that从句 So interesting is this book that I would like to read it again. 这本书非常有趣，我想再读一遍。,主语谓语such名词that从句 He made such rapid progress that he was praised by the teacher. 他取得了如此大的进步，因此老师表扬了他。 Such be主语that从句 Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken. 爆炸力如此巨大，以
20、至于所有的窗户都被震碎了。,.用适当的连词填空 1Stand over there youll be able to see the oil painting better. 2Start out right away, youll miss the first train. 3I worked hard at English and devoted all my spare time to practicing English, I failed to pass the midterm examination.,and,or/otherwise,but,4About 9：00 last ni
21、ght, I was busy preparing for my tomorrows test suddenly loud noises came into my room. 5Half of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, 48% of the boys favor sports stars. 6However, sometimes when you meet some difficulties, when you quarrel with others when you fail in doing something,
22、you may have a bad mood.,when,while,or,7Im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time Brian gets back. 8 the Internet is of great help, I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it. 9After the war, a new school building was put up _there had once been a theatre. 10All
23、 people, they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.,before,Although/Though,where,whether,.把下列每组题中的两个简单句合并为一个并列句或含有状语从句的复合句 1He was tired. He went to bed._ 2Our teacher must be at home. The door is open._,He was tired so he went to bed./
24、Because he was tired, he went to bed.,Our teacher must be at home, for the door is open.,3He is considered to be a good writer. His works are not widely read._ _ 4I was walking in the street. I saw an old friend of mine._ _ 5You will be late. You leave immediately._,He is considered to be a good wri
25、ter, but his works are not widely read.,I was walking in the street when I saw an old friend of mine.,You will be late unless you leave immediately.,6Take more exercise. Youll get really fit._ 7We must study hard. Knowledge is power._ 8Students can improve their writing ability in this way. They can
26、 strengthen their selfconfidence._ _,Take more exercise, and youll get really fit.,We must study hard because knowledge is power.,Not only can students improve their writing ability in this way but they can also strengthen their selfconfidence.,.高考作文单句翻译 1(2012安徽书面表达)父母希望我在大学学习科学，因为 他们认为作为理科学生的我会有更好
27、的未来。(because)_ _ 2(2012江苏书面表达)他们开始大喊大叫，随后变成了可 怕的争吵。(and)_ _,My parents wish me to study science at college because they believe I will have a brighter future as a science student.,They started shouting and yelling, and then it turned into a horrible quarrel.,3(2012浙江书面表达)我正在欣赏周围的美景时，某种 不愉快的事吸引了我的眼球。
28、(when)_ _ 4(2012湖北短文写作)尽管对简陋的校园和配备不好的 教室感到失望，但我发现老师们都很耐心和体贴。(as)_ _,When I was enjoying the fantastic scenery around, something unpleasant caught my eyes.,Disappointed as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorlyequipped classroom, I found the teachers patient and considerate.,5(2012天津书面表达)我希望这个机会不
29、仅使你高兴而 且也会满足你对中国歌剧的兴趣。(not only . but also .)_ _ 6(2012陕西书面表达)随着教师节的来临，我们班决定 今年做一下改变：举办一次聚会来庆祝这一重要节日。(as)_ _,I hope this opportunity will not only make you happy, but also satisfy your interest in Chinese operas.,As Teachers Day was approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the imp
30、ortant day for a change this year.,.根据汉语提示完成短文请根据下面的四幅图画，写一篇英语短文，讲述冬冬和姥姥发生在路上的一段故事。尽可能多地使用状语从句。,Last Sunday, when Dongdong was walking in the street with his granny, suddenly he saw something shiny on the ground. After he took a close look, he said，“Look, Granny. There is a tenfen coin here.” Granny
31、 told Dongdong to pick it up quickly, but instead of obeying his granny, Dongdong kicked the coin away with one of his feet as if he didnt care about the money.When Granny saw what Dongdong did, she went over and picked it up. To teach Dongdong a lesson, Granny pointed to the coin and said to Dongdo
32、ng, “Honey, as a good citizen, we have the duty to take good care of RMB.”Hearing what his granny said, Dongdong felt ashamed and lowered his head.,参考范文：,第五周 定语从句的写作,根据所掌握的定语从句的知识，熟练地使用定语从句也是高考英语写作的一项基本要求。定语从句属于较为复杂的语法结构，根据内容要点在短文中适当地运用定语从句有助于提高写作的得分。定语从句在句中作定语修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词叫做先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行
33、词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。,一、定语从句关系词的基本用法(见下表),关系词,词形,所修饰的先行词,在从句中所作的成分,关系 代词,who,whom,which,that,as,whose,when,where,why,人,人,物或事,人或物,人、物或事,人或物,时间名词,地点名词,原因名词,主语、宾语,宾语,主语、宾语,主语、宾语、表语,主语、宾语,定语,时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,关系副词,In the English corner, I meet many friends, who share the same interest with me.(2012全国卷书面表达
34、) 在英语角，我遇到很多朋友，他们和我有共同的兴趣。 He is a professor, which I have been looking forward to becoming. 他是个教授，那是我一直盼望的职位。,二、运用定语从句的注意事项 运用定语从句必须注意两点：由关系代词或关系副词所替代的成分在从句中不能重复出现；定语从句与简单句一样，也要求句子结构既正确又完整。 将下列每组句子连成一个含定语从句的复合句，并分析定语从句中的成分。,三、as引导的定语从句 as引导的定语从句是写作中出现频率很高的一种句式，其用法如下： (1)关系代词as用于限制性定语从句时，常出现在固定句型as
35、. as (和一样大/高/深), the same .as (和一样/同类), such . as (诸如)中。,(2)as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容，并在从句中作主语、宾语等，as引导的从句可在主句前、也可在主句后，且有“正如”之意。虽然which也有此用法，但它引导的定语从句位于主句后。,(3)as常用于以下固定搭配中： as is often the case (这是常有的事); as we expected (不出所料); as often happens (正如经常发生的那样); as is known to all (众所周知); as has been sai
36、d before (如上所述); as is mentioned above (正如上面所提到的)。 Li Ming is late, as is often the case. 李明迟到了，这是常有的事。 As is known to all, Diaoyu Islands belong to China. 众所周知，钓鱼岛属于中国。,.把下列每组题中的两个简单句合并为一个含有定语从 句的复合句 1Ive always longed for the days. I will be able to be independent then._ _ 2I have a friend. Her fa
37、ther is an engineer._,Ive always longed for the days when I will be able to be independent.,I have a friend whose father is an engineer.,3They planted the trees. The trees didnt need much water._ _ 4They will fly to Beijing. They plan to stay in Beijing for two or three days._ _ 5They sent the elder
38、ly some fruits, cleaned the rooms and had a good chat with them. The elderly always feel lonely._ _,They planted the trees that/which didn need much water.,They will fly to Beijing, where they plan to stay for two or three days.,They sent the elderly who always feel lonely some fruits, cleaned the r
39、ooms and had a good chat with them.,.高考作文单句翻译(用定语从句) 1(2012江苏书面表达)为了避免这样的冲突，我们应该彼 此友好，这对享受和谐生活是极其重要的。(which)_ _ 2(2012湖北短文写作)正如我们所知，书籍是知识的源泉。 (as)_,To avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoy a harmonious life.,As we know, books are the source of knowledge.
40、,3(2012安徽书面表达)最后但也是最重要的，物理老师 是我的典范，他/她对我的影响与我的决定有很大关系。(whose)_ _ 4(2012辽宁书面表达)甚至过去不喜欢英语的学生，结 果他们也对英语感兴趣了。(who)_ _,Las but not least, my physics teacher is my role model, whose influence on me had a lot to do with my decision.,Even the students who used to dislike English have turned out to be intere
41、sted in the subject.,5(2012新课标全国卷书面表达)我看到过你在网上张贴的 夏令营通知，我对此很感兴趣。(that)_ _ 6她在北大上的大学，然后又出国深造。(介词关系代 词)_ _,I read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it.,She was educated at Beijing University, after which she went to have her advanced study
42、abroad.,.根据汉语提示完成短文 请按以下内容要点写一篇有关你的同学Kate的英语短文，尽可能多地使用定语从句。 1我有一个同学叫Kate，她的妈妈是我以前的英语老师； 2Kate是一个容易相处的人，我们都喜欢她； 3Kate在此次口语竞赛中获得第一名，这使得她妈妈很高兴； 4新年就要到了，到时Kate会和她妈妈一起去香港； 5众所周知，香港是一个购物天堂，Kate打算在那里买她需要的东西。,参考范文：_ _,I have a classmate called Kate, whose mother is my former English teacher. Kate is a girl
43、who is easy to get along with and we all like her. Kate took the first place in the Speech Contest, which makes her mother happy. The New Year is coming, when Kate will go to Hong Kong together with her mother. As we all know, Hong Kong is a shopping paradise, where Kate intends to buy what she needs.,
