1、1高考英语写作指导第一讲 记叙文：写人一、写作指导高考英语基础写作中的写人侧重人物的介绍，可以用第一人称(如写求职信)，也可以用第三人称，时态常常用一般现在时和一般过去时，具体的人称和时态要依据写作的要求来确定。写作过程中要注意以下几个方面的问题： 1人物写作通常需要介绍人物的姓名、年龄、外貌、学历、经历、专业、爱好、特长、事迹、性格等多个方面，但英语基础写作需要严格按照写作要求来写，包括所给的全部信息点，既不能遗漏，也不能随意添加。2对题目所给的信息要进行适当重组，安排好写作顺序，突出重点信息。重点信息通常是写作的目的所在，比如求职要重点突出学历、经历，新闻报道要重点突出事迹，介绍自己的老师
2、、朋友要突出他们的特点，等等。3正确运用描写人物的词汇和句型。4注意运用正确的时态。描写人物的外貌、性格、兴趣等常用一般现在时，而描写人物的出生、教育背景、经历、事迹常用一般过去时。二、常用词语外貌特征：beautiful, big nose, black eyes，fat, good-looking，handsome, healthy, near-sighted，ordinary-looking， pretty，short，strong, tall， thin, with a big nose, with a big smile, white-haired，1.80 metres tall,
3、 etc. 性格特点：absent-minded, attractive，bad-tempered，be ready to help others, bright，charming，confident, diligent，friendly, generous, have a good temper, humorous，independent, kind, kind-hearted，lazy，narrow-minded, naughty，patient，think of others, smart，talkative， warm-hearted，wise，etc. 出生年龄：a twenty-f
4、ive-year-old young man, as a boy of 15, at the age of 20, be born on February 12th, 1987 , during his childhood, in ones fifties, live a happy/ hard life, spend his childhood in the countryside, the son of a poor family, when he was a small boy, etc. 兴趣爱好：be angry with sb for sth, be angry about, be
5、 delighted in doing, be good at singing, be interested in English, be fond of music, be crazy about, be pleased with, be sick for, be sorry for, be strict in ones work, be worried about, do well in his research work, ,enjoy doing, expect to do, feel surprised at, have a strong desire to do, look for
6、ward to doing sth., long for (long to do), make rapid progress in, put ones heart into, take a pleasure in doing; wish to do, work hard at his studies, etc. 教育背景： be admitted to Beijing University, be enrolled in, fail in the test, get a masters degree, get on well with ones lessons, give sb. a pass
7、ing grade, go abroad to further ones study, graduate from Physics Department of Qinghua University, his father was very strict with him, lay a good foundation in English, major in history, receive a doctors degree, pass 2the examination, study hard at, take several courses at school, take an active
8、part in class，when at college, etc. 经历事迹： become a member of the team, concentrate oneself to doing sth., devote oneself to ones business, do sth with great determination and perseverance, do research into this field, encourage sb to do sth, fight for our revolutionary course, give up ones life for
9、sth, have a good way of doing sth, have a talent for language, make up ones mind to do sth., overcome many difficulties, receive the Nobel Prize for physics, serve as nurse, set a new world record of 110 metre hurdling, try ones best to do sth., win the first prize in the competition, win a gold /si
10、lver/ bronze medal, etc. 他人评价：an inspiring leader, a model worker, an advanced teacher, be respected by all his students, be honored as, be considered as, be famous/known as, be regarded as, his hard work brought him great success, make great contributions to our country, one of the most important p
11、ersons in the past ten years, consider sb. as a genius, consider sb. as the greatest leader, set a good example for all of us, speak highly of him, etc. 三、实例分析【例 1】 李华自我介绍假设你是李华，申请到一家外资企业工作，你需要用英文给人事部经理写一封信，介绍自己的基本情况，简介信包括下表所列内容： 姓名： 李华 出生年月 1981 年 8 月出生地： 广东省佛山市学历： 19942000 佛山第一中学20002004 广州大学计算机系2
12、004至今 在一家计算机公司工作所学主要课程: 计算机、中文、数学、英语、体育特长爱好: 游泳（曾获得过大学游泳比赛一等奖），音乐+ Dear Manager,I am looking forward to your reply. Thank you. Yours Truly,Li Hua写作指导：文体： 记叙文，用第一人称信息组织： 写信目的，到贵公司工作；姓名、出生地点、日期； 学习简历；学习内容，现在情况；爱好和特长时态： 一般现在时， 现在进行时，一般过去时参考范文：3Dear Manager, I am writing you a letter in order to apply f
13、or a position in your company. My name is Li Hua and I was born in Foshan City of Guangdong Province in August 1981. I studied in Foshan No. 1 Middle School from 1994 - 2000, and then I came to study in the Computer Department of Guangzhou University for four years. I studied computer science, Chine
14、se, maths, English, P.E, and now I am working for a computer company. I like pop music and swimming very much, and I once won the first prize for swimming in the school competition.I am looking forward to your reply.Thank you. Yours Truly,Li Hua求职信模版：Dear Manager, I am writing you a letter in order
15、to apply for a position in your . My name is and I was born in (地点) in (时间). I studied in (地点) , and then I came to study in (地点). I studied (课程内容)，and now I am working for (工作单位). I like(兴趣爱好)very much, and I once won the first prize for(获奖内容).I am looking forward to your reply. Thank you. Yours Tr
16、uly,（签名）第二讲 议论文：如何对比不同观点议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。议论文有三要素，即论点、论据和论证。论点的基本要求是：观点正确，认真概括，4有实际意义，恰当地综合运用各种表达方式；论据基本要求是：真实可靠，充分典型；论证的基本要求是：推理必须符合逻辑。一、议论文写作三要素议论文主要包括三要素：论点、论据和论证方法。论点必须正确。论据是为说明论点服务的，既要可靠又要充分，事实胜于雄辩，是最好的论据。论据也可以是人们公认的真理，经过实践考验的哲理。论证的方法多种多样，常用的方法有：1. 归纳法从分析典型，即分析个别事物
17、入手，找出事物的共同特点，然后得出结论。2. 推理法从一般原理出发，对个别事物进行说明、分析，而后得出结论。3. 对照法对所有事实、方面进行对照，然后加以分析，得出结论。4.驳论法先列出错误的观点，然后加以逐条批驳，最后阐明自己的观点。二、议论文的特点议论文的结构一般有引子、正文和结论句三部分。一般在引子部分提出论点，即文章的主题，在正文部分摆出有利的事实，对论点进行严密的论证，最后根据前面的论证得出结论。三、议论文的写法要写好议论文，必须注意以下几点：1.确定论点。 论点通常在文章的第一段提出。2.要有足够的论据，可以列举生活的实例。3.论证要有严密的逻辑性。所有事实、原因、理由应紧密地同结
18、论连接起来。4.层次要清楚。5.态度诚恳、友好，因为议论文重在说理，以理服人。 6.论据要充分欲证明自己的观点必须有充分的证据。作者可以列举事实、展示数据、提供事例、借助常识或利用亲身经历。 议论文在写作手法上以议论为主，但有时也要运用说明、叙述、描写等手法。议论中的说明常为议论的开展创造条件，或是议论的补充；议论文中的叙述和描写应是为论点提供依据的，因此，叙述应该是概括的，描写应该是简要的。特别要提醒的是写议论文常用5一般现在时。四、实例演练Shall high school students use mobile phones in school?手机已经普及，连中学生也开始带手机上学了。
19、他们认为带手机非常方便，也很酷；也有学生主张不应该带手机进学校，手机会分散注意力，并影响学习成绩。请你根据自己的理解，给英语报编辑写信，描述这种现象并表达你的意见。注意：1. 开头已经写好。2. 词数：100120 个（开头部分已给出, 不计词数） 。Dear Editor,Im writing to you to . Sincerely yours,Jack五、对比观点作文模版_ is becoming more and more popular now. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say _ is their fa
20、vorite. They hold their view for the reason that _. What is more,_.Moreover,_.While others think that _ is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,_. Secondly (besides),_. Thirdly (finally),_.From my point of view, I think _. The reason is that _. As a matter of fact, there are some
21、other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former(前者)/ the latter（后者） is surely a wise choice.六、模版参考范文：Dear Editor,Im writing to you to talk about the using of mobile phones in high school.Mobile phones are becoming more and more popular now. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some students
22、 say mobile phones are their favorite. They hold their view for the reason that it is convenient /easy for us to talk with 6others. What is more,it is very cool for us students to have one.While others think that studentsnot using mobile phones is a better choice in the following two reasons. Firstl
23、y, mobile phones will draw our attentions . Besides, often using mobile phones will affect our study . From my point of view, I think that it is not good for us students to use mobile phones in schools . The reason is that our duty is to study not to be cool. As a matter of fact, there are some othe
24、r reasons to explain my choice. For me, the latter（后者） is surely a wise choice.Sincerely yours,Jack七、高分参考范文：Dear Editor,Im writing to you to express my concerns about the using of mobile phones in high school.Nowadays, mobile phones are widely used; even some high school students have one, thinking
25、it cool and convenient for communication. Some others, however, dont think it a must to have a mobile phone. According to them, they have so much to do at school and frequent communication with the outside world may distract their attention from lessons. They also complain they are disturbed when ph
26、ones ring in classrooms.Personally, Im strongly against students using of mobile phones in schools. We know it takes joint efforts to create a quiet and ideal atmosphere for studies. Mobile phones, obviously a trouble maker, shall be prohibited in schools, especially in classrooms.Sincerely yours, J
27、ack第三讲 议论文：说明利弊题型一、题型特点这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）7、说明事物现状、事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）、你对现状（或前景）的看法二、利弊题型作文模版Nowadays many people prefer -（事物现状） because it has an important role in our daily life. Generally speaking, its advantages can be seen as follows. First -(的优点之
28、一). Besides -（的优点之二）.But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that -(的第一个缺点)To make matters worse,-(的第二个缺点)Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to -(我的看法
29、)三、实例演练面对当前中学生“出国热” ，请你以此为题，谈谈中学生出国留学的利与弊。（可以从以下几方面考虑，但不一定要面面俱到：年龄、生活经验、自理能力、生活学习费用、语言学习环境、传播民族文化、学习国外先进科学技术。字数：100120 个）四、模板参考范文Nowadays many middle school students prefer studying abroad because it has an important role in our daily life. Generally speaking, its advantages can be seen as follows.
30、First it gives us a good surroundings for language study .Second we can learn foreign advanced science and technology. Besides we can also spread our national culture to foreign countries.8But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is tha
31、t middle school students are too young to care of themselves and that they are lack of life experience.To make matters worse,the cost for life and study is too highThrough the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to go abroad for my
32、 further education五、高分参考范文Studying abroad in recent years has been popular. More and more students leave their own country to go abroad for their further education. They say that they can develop better with advanced facilities and teaching methods in those modern schools. By communicating with fore
33、ign students or staying a long time with them, a profitable experience is available to them. By the time they come back home, they are supposed to have a great advantage over the students at home in many ways. I quite agree with what they say. But one fact Id like to remind them of is that quite a n
34、umber of overseas students are disappointed as they cant obtain what they hope for, let alone success. When they are abroad, they are helpless and have to be independent, which is quite contrary to what it is at home. They lack independence, cant even tell right and wrong apart, and as a result some
35、 of them even commit crimes. Therefore, whether it is good or not to study abroad depends on the individual. So take more factors into careful consideration.第四讲 图表作文图表作文是近年来高考常考的题型之一，在各地的模拟考试中也屡次出现，而且学生普遍反映此类文章不好写，难于下手动笔。但是如果我们仔细研究就不难发现，其实此类文章还是有一些共同点和规律可以操作的，值得我们总结。9一、热点诠释图表作文内容上多为中学生日常生活中熟悉的生活经历，以
36、及社会热点。其体裁多为议论文、应用文和说明文，内容大多涉及前后变化对比、正反观点对比或产品介绍等。要求考生通过数据、文字内容分析，系统准确地表达出图表含义，并得出令人信服的结论。必须做到行文切题，紧扣中心思想，不漏要点，并且意思连贯，文理通顺，语言准确、得当。图表作文的命题形式可分为表格式和图象式。二、应试技巧点拨1.首先要认真审题。读懂题目所给信息，初步确定要点内容，并可用序号标出，以免遗忘。2.列提纲，使内容要点条理化、有序化，统筹安排布局。3.勿要直译，需意译。尤其对看图情景作文要构建完整故事结构，不可逐句罗列了事。4.要刻意把好语言关。要用自己最熟悉的句型结构和词语，力求文理通顺、语言
37、准确。没有把握的词句不要写，确有把握的可以锦上添花。注意句式的变化，力求在语言表达正确的基础上追求句式变换，确保语言表达的高级性。5.遇到一时想不起的词语，需变通。可以用同义近义词代替，也可以用否定词加反义词来表达，亦可变换句式。不可钻牛角尖，更不能生造词语，汉化表达。6.注意文章的长度。看具体内容而定，如果内容多，应多用复杂句式，如果内容不多，为了达到词的限数应多用简单句式，并适当增补合理内容。7.注意保持卷面整洁，书写工整清楚，书写的好坏会直接影响阅卷老师的情绪。8.最后应注意复查全文。看内容要点有无遗漏，标点、格式、大小写是否规范，是否有语病等。三、英语作文图表概述或描述中常用的句型1.
38、 As is shown by the graph in the table, （概述图表）.例：正如曲线所示，最近 5 年来该国人口飞速增长。As is shown by the graph in the table,there has been a rapid increase in the population of the country in the past five years.2. It can be seen from the table that （得出结论）It can be shown from the graph that 10It can be concluded
39、from the figures that It can be estimated from the statistics that 例：A. 从表中所给的统计数字可以看出，从 1985 年到 1990 年中国的人均收入迅速提高。From the statistics given in the table it can be seen that the average personal income of the Chinese people increased (grew 、rose) rapidly from 1985 to 1990.B. 从曲线图可以得出结论，最近 5 年来中国人口的出
40、生率已经大大下降。It can be concluded from the graph that there has been a great decline in birth rates in China in the past five years.3. amount to （数量总计）add up to / come to / sum up to例：全部费用合计 200 美元。All the expenses (costs) amount to (= add up to) $ 200.4. increase / rise / grow / climb from to （数量增加） dec
41、rease / fall / drop from to （数量减少）例：A. 这个工厂生产的彩电已由 1986 年的 5000 台增加到 1990 年的21000 台。The number of colour TV sets produced by the factory increased (rose , grew , climbed) from 5000 in 1986 to 21000 in 1990.B.参加者的人数增加到 30 万。The number of paticipants grew up to 300000 persons( = The number of paticipa
42、nts increased , reaching 300000 persons).C. 这个学校的教职工人数已减少到 700 人。The number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased to 700 persons.5. the output of increase / rise / grow / climb by per cent（数量增加%几）the output of decrease / fall / drop by per cent（数量减少%几）例：钢的年产量上升 17% the annual output
43、 of steel rise by 17per cent 6（be）+ 基数词 + times as + 形容词 + as （倍数）例：现在我们地区的粮食产量相当于 1970 年的 3 倍。The grain production (= output)in our area now is three times as great as that of 1970.7.Compared with , 11例：与去年相比，今年 13 项主要产品的产量都有大幅度增长。Compared with that of last year,the output of 13 main products (= it
44、ems) this year has increased to a great extent.8.There is / has been / was a rapid / sharp rise / increase in (迅速/大幅度增长)There is / has been / was a steady rise / increase in （稳步增长）There is / has been / was a gradual fall / slow drop in （逐渐下降）例：最近几年来这个地区的棉花产量有了迅速增长。There has been a rapid rise in the
45、cotton output in this area in the past few years.(=The cotton output in this area has increased rapidly in the past few years.)四、“结尾”段落中常用的句型1. In my opinion, 2. Personally, I 3. In short (= In brief), 4. In conclusion, 5. As far as Im concerned, 6. To conclude , it seems clear that 例：至于说到我，我赞成前一种观点
46、。所以，我的结论是，只要我们坚持正确的东西，改正错误的东西，我们就一定能成功。As far as Im concerned , Im in favour of the former view. Therefore, my conclusion is that we are certain to succeed as long as we stick to what is right and correct what is wrong.五、图表作文模版As is shown by the figure/ graph(图表/曲线图) in the table(picture /chart), (作
47、文题目的议题) has been on rise /decrease （增加/减少）(goes up/increases)(drops/decreases) ,rapidly/steadily/gradually rising /decreasing from_ in _ to _ in _. From the decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that _.There are at least two good reasons accounting for _. On the one hand, _. On the othe
48、r hand, _ is due to the fact that _. In addition, _ is responsible for _. Maybe there are some other reasons to show _. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing. As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that 12_. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.五、实例演练（一）假如你是李华，在最近的研究性学习当中，受21 世纪中学生英语报 （The 21st Century）之邀，你对你所在的班 60 名同学（男女各半）进行了上网目的的调查。现将调查结果（如下表所示）用英语给报社的编辑写一封信，报道此事，以引起舆论的关注，并提出你的观点和建议。注意：1、报道应包括图表所示全部内容，可适度发挥。2、文章的开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。3、词数：150 4、参考词汇：调查： make a surv
