1、- 1 -中考英语短文填空题答题指导一、短文填空题型说明短文填空也叫综合填空，其特点是将一篇短文中的若干个词抽出后，要求考生根据短文的意思，在每个空格中填上一个词，使短文意思完整正确。它是测试同学们理解能力及对词汇、语法和习惯用法等的掌握情况的一种形式。这是中考中一个比较难的项目。其原因是考点不明确：凡涉及英文的理解、词汇、语法和习惯用法的都可以考。内容更是包罗万象：天文地理、历史人文、科技发展、旅游广告等。要求同学们在读通、读懂的基础上，填出符合内容和语法的词或词组。凡是课文中学到的词汇和语法都是考试的范围，各种介词、副词和习惯用法也会经常考到。尤其对于长句子，特别要注意其结构，要精确地分析
2、句子成分。在做综合填空时，要养成快速阅读全文的习惯。句子读得越快越长，理解的精度就越高。根据其难度的不同又分为选词填空题、限词填空题和自由填空题。二、短文填空解题思路 1. 跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。 3
3、. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。三、做短文填空题的注意之处 1. 语义完整、适用是做好填词的前提，要从全文的内容出发，前后上下联系起来考虑，避免“只见树木，不见森林”的错误。2. 要善于从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找线索，从中得到提示和启发，帮助确定应填词的词性和词形，这样可避免想当然地随意乱填。3. 填词时应注意词形，不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否
4、属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。4. 有些空格需要填入介词、连词等，除考虑上下文的内容外，还要考虑和其他词的固定搭配及其习惯用法。5. 选词填空题和限词填空题一般只有一个答案，自由填空题虽然可能允许有多个正确答案，但只能选择其中一个填入，因为完形填空题每个空格只准填写一个单词，多填反而出错。- 2 -四、短文填空实战训练No. 01Are you able to send a letter with pictures and sounds to someone anywhere in the world without puttin
5、g a stamp on it? W_(1) e-mail you can just do that. Using a c_(2) you can send e-mail quickly and easily. The post is much s_(3) than e-mail. E-mail can send i_(4) message to the other side of the world in seconds. E-mail is easy to use and it s_(5) time and money. The differences in time in differe
6、nt parts of the world do not matter w_(5) sending e-mail. It is twenty-four-hour service(服务) that you can send an e-mail at any time of the day or n_(6). No one has to be t_(7) to receive e-mail. It d_(8) matter if your friends are in bed when you send an e-mail to them, or you are seeing a f_(10) a
7、t the cinema when they send an e-mail back.【答案与解析】通读全文，我们可以知道这是一篇介绍发送电子邮件的短文。1. 由上下文可知，此处应填介词 With，意为使用 e-mail。2. 发送 e-mail，一定要使用电脑，所以应填 computer。3. 通过阅读上下文及本句可知，此处应填形容词的比较级 slower。4. 根据句意可知，e-mail 应发“它的”信息，所以填 its。5. 根据上下文可知发送电子邮件可以节省时间和钱，所以填 saves。6. 此处意为“世界上不同的时间、不同的地区对于何时发送 e-mail 没关系，所以应填 when。
8、7. 此处应填 night，与 day 相对应。8. 根据上文可知“不需要有人在那儿接收电子邮件”，所以应填 there。9. 根据句意及句子结构可知应填 doesnt。10. 在电影院里，应该是看电影，所以填 film。No. 02根据短文内容填入适当的单词，使短文的意思完整，每格限填写一个英语单词，要求开头第一个字母与所给的字母相同。 All around the world, people drink tea. But tea does not m_(1) the same thing to e_(2). In different countries people have very d
9、ifferent i_(3) about drinking tea. In China people always have tea t_(4) with their friends. They may drink tea at any time of the day. They only put tea leaves in their cups. They p_(5) the tea with n_(6) else in it. Tea is also i_(7) in Japan. It is very p_(8) there. People drink tea every day. Bu
10、t they have it in a way different from that in China. - 3 -In the USA people drink tea at breakfast or after m_(9). They usually use tea bags to make their tea. Making tea with bags is faster and e_(10) than making it with tea leaves in teapots. 【答案与解析】本题属于限词填空题。解题时先跳过空格，通读全文。根据首句的意思，很快就能推测出本文的主题是关于
11、茶文化的问题，不同的国家喝茶的时间和方式各不相同。理清文章的脉络和大意后再认真复读短文，利用空格所给的首字母提示，结合上、下文的内容，先确定所填词的意义，再考虑其正确的形式。比如第 4 空所在的句子，其内容是：在中国人们总是和朋友(一起 )喝茶。根据句子意思加上空格上所给首字母 t 的提示，很容易判定所填的词为 together。再比如第 7 空和第 8 空所在的两个句子，讲的是日本人喝茶的情况。根据后面的句子“日本人每天都喝茶”，可以反推茶在日本既重要又普及，再根据这两空所给的首字母 i 和 p 的提示，可以确定该填的词为 important 和 popular。第 9 空填入 meal 时
12、应考虑其复数形式。第十空填入 easy时要考虑用其比较级，因为空格后有“than”，提示了这是一个比较等级的句子。本题正确答案为：(1) mean (2)everyone (3)ideas (4)together (5)prefe (6)nothing (7)important (8) popular (9)meals (10)easier。最后将完成后的短文再细读一遍，检查上下文是否顺理成章，所填词是否正确无误。No. 03阅读下面的短文，根据每个空格中所给的词首字母填入适当的词，使短文意思完整。While traveling in Russia. Ed Jackson ran short
13、of (缺少) money. So he wrote t_(1) his brother, asking for $ 500. “Send the m_(2) by telegram (电报) to the bank (银行) here.“ he wrote. After a week Ed began v_ (3) the bank. He s_(4) his passport (护照)to the bank clerk (职员). “Nothing has come for you, Mr Jackson.“ he was told.This went o_(5) for three we
14、eks, and Mr Jackson got very w _ (6), he phoned his brother, asking w_(7) the money was. The brother said it had been sent three weeksb_(8). That evening Ed Jackson was arrested (被捕 ) for failing to p_(9) his hotel bill (帐单). He tried to tell the police what his problem was, but no one would believe
15、 him. At last he was s_(10) to the police station for fifteen days.【答案与解析】1. to。 write to sb. 表示“给某人写信”。2. money。 前面有“asking for $ 500”，后面有“to the bank”。3. visiting。 在这里 visiting 意思是“到、去”的意思。4. showed。 show sth. to sb. 意思是“把-给某人看”或“向某人出示”。5. on。 go on 意思是“继续”。6. worried。 连续三个星期没有拿到钱，当然是 “very worrie
16、d”。7. where。 依上下文内容，应用表示地点的连接词。- 4 -8. before。before 常与完成时连用。9. pay。 后面的中心词是“bill”，前面与之搭配的动词应该用“pay”。10.sent。 be sent to some place 意思是“被送到某地”。中考英语综合短文填空专练（一）I. 短文填空：阅读下面的短文， 并根据其内容和所给首字母在空白处填入一个适当的词，将其填到文后相应题号后的横线上。(2005 年天津市中考 )Only Mother Love is true love . It gives everybody everything all h (1
17、) life. When you are still a baby, mother takes good care of you as p (2).In your w (3) hours she always holds you in her arms. When you are ill, she stops her work right now to look after you day and night a (4) forgets about herself. When you are growing up day b (5)day , she feels very happy. Whe
18、n you are old enough to go to school, mother still looks after you all the time. On cold winter days, she always tells you to put on more clothes. She always stands in the wind w (6) for you back from school. When you hurry to leave home for school with little breakfast, she always feels w (7) about
19、 you at home. She usually knows about your study and spends much money on your school things. When you do well at school, you will see the brightest smile on her face.Mother is always ready to give everything she h (8) to her children, n (9) to receive. What true love that is in the w (10)! We will
20、remember Mother Love for ever!1. h_ 2. p_ 3. w_ 4. a_ 5. b_6. w_ 7. w_ 8. h_ 9. n_ 10. w_II. 短文填空：阅读下面的短文， 并根据其内容在空白处填入一个适当的词，使其完整通顺。More and more people are 1_ the life with computers. Using computers you can send E-mail 2_ and easily. You are able to send a letter with pictures and sounds to someo
21、ne, 3_in the world without putting a stamp. E-mail can send its message to the other side of the world 4_ seconds(秒 ). E-mail is easy to use and it 5_ time and money. It serves(服务) for twenty-four hours. So it doesnt matter if your friends are in bed when you send E-mail to them, or you are seeing a
22、 film at the cinema when they send E-mail 6_.Can you imagine(想象) the future without teachers 7_ computers? Students will teach themselves in the schools of the future. Computers help students develop their own ways of 8_. Students will follow the learning programmes by looking at online libraries an
23、d 9_ lessons by world-class teachers. If they dont understand something, they will ask other students 10_ or E-mail their teachers. Computers are becoming more and more popular indeed.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _ III. 阅读下面短文，给改写后的短文空白处填人一个适当的词，使其完整通顺。(甘肃省 2005 年中考)All over the
24、world people enjoy sports. Sports are good for peoples health. Many people like to watch others play sports games. They buy tickets or turn on their TV sets to sit in front of them.Sports change with the seasons. People play different games in different seasons. Sometimes they play inside the room.
25、Sometimes they play outside. We can find sports here and there. Some sports are rather interesting and people everywhere like them Football, for example, is very popular in the world. People from different countries cannot understand each other, but after a game they often become very friendly to ea
26、ch other.You know _(1) the world people enjoy sports. Sports are _(2) for people in _(3) seasons. People can do sports inside or _(4) the room. Some people like to watch _(5) people play sports games. They buy_(6) or turn on their TV sets to _(7) the games. Some sports are so_(8) that people all enj
27、oy them. Football is very _(9) in the world. People often become good _(10) after a game.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _ IV. 阅读短文，根据短文内容，用所给词的适当形式填空。每词只能使用一次。(2005 年大连市中考)help, late, early, policeman, sing, problems, but, how, lost, smile, - 5 -Paula was going to a birthday party.
28、 The party was at a friends house from work. Paulas friend carefully wrote the directions (路线) to the party. She didnt know the town where her friend lived, so she left her house 1_. For 20 minutes she followed the directions carefully and got off at Exit 14. Then she began to have 2_ . She couldnt
29、find the street. She drove around and around, and soon she was 3_. She stopped and asked people for directions, 4_ no one knew that street. Paula didnt have her mobile phone with her. She left it at home on the kitchen table. Suddenly she saw a 5_ . She stopped and asked him for 6_ . He looked at th
30、e directions and 7_ . “You wanted Exit 15, not Exit 14.”. He showed Paula 8_ to get back on the highway (公路). She got off at Exit 15 and easily found the house. She was very 9_ ! When she walked in, everyone was 10_ , “Happy Birthday” to her friend. After a few minutes, Paula relaxed and began to en
31、joy the party.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _V. 阅读短文，并用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 (山西省 2005 年中考大纲) John likes 1 (read) very much. His father has a library and the boy 2 (read) most of the books in it. So he often 3 (borrow) books from the school library. He reads books when he 4 (be) free an
32、d does nothing but reading at home on Weekends. Once he even 5 (read) a novel in class because it was very interesting. Of course he couldnt hear what the teacher 6 (say). So he 7 (fall) behind. The headmaster had a talk with him and told him 8 (not read) novels in class. At last, he realized that h
33、e was wrong and said “Im sorry, I 9 (not do) it again.” And now he reads books after he finishes 10 (do) all his homework1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _ VI. 短文填空：根据上下文和括号里的汉语提示，在下面短文的空白处写出正确 的单词或短语，使短文意思完整。(2005 陕西省中考)Florence Nightingal was the first great nurse in the world. She
34、1_ (出生于) in a rich family on May 12, 1820. She was very kind-hearted and enjoyed helping others, especially people who were 2_(有病的). She thought that helping patients was both a duty and a pleasure. So she decided to be a nurse when she was 24. But her parents didnt 3_ (同意). Her family had lots of m
35、oney, so they thought it was not necessary for her to work. Besides, nurses were not well respected at that time. But Nightingal didnt 4_(改变)her mind. She believed that her dream would 5_(实现). Later she went to Germany and France to learn to be a nurse. At that time there were no nursing schools. So
36、 she had to learn a lot of nursing knowledge through practice.During the war she went to the front hospitals to look after soldiers. She used her own money to buy clothes, beds, 6_(药品) and food for the patients. She always took good care of the soldiers with a lamp in her hands 7_(在晚上) and soldiers
37、8_( 称呼，叫 )her “The lady with the lamp”.After the war, Nightingal opened the worlds first nursing school. She 9_(继续) serving the others through her work as a nurse.In 1910, she died quietly in her sleep 10_(在 90 岁时). In 1974, her birthday became International Nurses Day because of the great love and
38、help she gave to people.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _ 参 考 答 案I. 1. her 2. possible 3. waking 4. and 5. by 6. waiting 7. worried 8. has 9. not 10. worldII. 1. having/living 2. quickly 3. anywhere 4. in 5. saves 6. back 7. but 8. learning 9. watching 10. onlineIII. 1. around 2. go
39、od 3. different 4. outside 5. other6. tickets 7. watch 8. interesting 9. popular 10. friendsIV. 1. early 2. problems 3. lost 4. but 5. policeman 6. help 7. smiled 8. how 9. late 10. singingV. 1. reading 2. has read 3. borrows 4. is 5. read6. said 7. fell 8. not to read 9. wont do 10. doingVI. 1. was born 2. ill/sick 3. agree 4. change 5. come true/be realized - 6 -6. medicine/medicines 7. at night/in the evening 8. called 9. went on/carried on 10. at ninety/at the age of ninety
