1、Intraoral Radiographic AnatomyThe following slides identify the anatomical structures that may be seen on intraoral films.Since some of the structures may be confused with pathology, it is important to understand their normal appearance in order to make a proper diagnosis.,Maxillary Incisor,0,Nasal
2、septum,Inferior concha,Nasal fossa,Nasal spine,Incisive foramen,Nose,Median palatine suture,Red arrow points to periapical lesion (post-endo).,Red arrows = lip line,Red arrow = mesiodens (supernumerary tooth),d,f,Blue arrow = chronic periapical periodontitis. Tooth # 9 is non-vital (trauma) and need
3、s endo.,The red arrows point to the soft tissue of the nose. The green arrows identify the lip line.,0,Maxillary Canine,Floor of nasal fossa,Maxillary sinus,Lateral fossa,Nose,a = floor of nasal fossa b = maxillary sinus c = lateral fossa,(a & b form inverted Y),a,c,b,a,c,b,facial view,Floor of nasa
4、l fossa (red arrows) and anterior border of maxillary sinus (blue arrows), forming the inverted (upside down) Y.,facial view,The maxillary sinus surrounds the root of the canine, which may be misinterpreted as pathology.,The white arrows indicate the floor of the nasal fossa. The maxillary sinus (re
5、d arrows) has pneumatized between the 2nd premolar and first molar,0,Zygomatic process,Sinus septum,Sinus recess,Maxillary sinus,Maxillary Premolar,a = malar process b = sinus recess c = sinus septum d = maxillary sinus,b,a,c,d,b,d,c,a,facial view,Malar (zygomatic) process. U or j-shaped radiopacity
6、, often superimposed over the roots of the molars, especially when using the bisecting-angle technique. The red arrows define the lower border of the zygomatic bone.,facial view,Sinus recess. Increased area of radiolucency caused by outpocketing (localized expansion) of sinus wall. If superimposed o
7、ver roots, may mimic pathology.,facial view,Pneumatization. Expansion of sinus wall into surrounding bone, usually in areas where teeth have been lost prematurely. Increases with age.,0,Maxillary Molar,Maxillary sinus,Sinus recess,Zygoma,Pterygoid plate,Hamular process,Coronoid process,Maxillary tub
8、erosity,g,d,a,e,f,a = maxillary tuberosity* e = zygoma (dotted lines) b = coronoid process f = maxillary sinus c = hamular process g = sinus recess d = pterygoid plates* image of impacted third molar superimposed,c,b,facial view,d,b,a,e,c,f,g,Maxillary Tuberosity. The rounded elevation located at th
9、e posterior aspect of both sides of the maxilla. Aids in the retention of dentures.,facial view,Mandibular Incisor,Mental ridge,Genial tubercles,Lingual foramen,Mental fossa,Lingual foramen. Radiolucent “hole” in center of genial tubercles. Lingual nutrient vessels pass through this foramen.,lingual
10、 view,Genial tubercles. Radiopaque area in the midline, midway between the inferior border of the mandible and the apices of the incisors. Serve as attachments for the genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles. May have radiolucent hole in center (lingual foramen), but not on this film. Note double rooted
11、 canine (red arrows).,lingual view,Mental ridge. These represent the raised portions of the mental protuberance on either side of the midline. More commonly seen when using the bisecting angle technique, when the x-ray beam is directed at an upward angle through the ridges.,facial view,Mental fossa.
12、 This represents a depression on the labial aspect of the mandible overlying the roots of the incisors. The resulting radiolucency may be mistaken for pathology.,facial view,The radiolucent area above corresponds to the location of the mental fossa. However, this slide represents chronic periapical
13、periodontitis; these teeth are non-vital, due to trauma.,The orange arrows above identify nutrient canals. They are most often seen in older persons with thin bone, and in those with high blood pressure or advanced periodontitis.,0,Mandibular Canine,Mental ridge,Genial tubercles,Lingual foramen,Ment
14、al foramen,Cortical bone,Mental ridge. The raised portions of the mental protuberance, sloping downward and backward from the midline.,facial view,Lingual foramen/genial tubercles. (See description under mandibular incisor above).,lingual view,The red arrows identify the mandibular canal and the blu
15、e arrow points to the mental foramen.,facial view,Mandibular Premolar,Mylohyoid ridge,Mandibular canal,Mental foramen,Submandibular gland fossa,c,b = mandibular canal d = mental foramen,a = mylohyoid ridge(internal oblique) c = submandibular glandfossa,facial view,lingual view,b,Mylohyoid (internal
16、oblique) ridge. This radiopaque ridge is the attachment for the mylohyoid muscle. The ridge runs downward and forward from the third molar region to the area of the premolars.,lingual view,facial view,Mandibular canal. (Inferior alveolar canal). Runs downward from the mandibular foramen to the menta
17、l foramen, passing close to the roots of the molars. More easily seen in the molar periapical.,lingual view,Submandibular gland fossa. The depression below the mylohyoid ridge where the submandibular gland is located. More obvious in the molar periapical film.,Mental foramen. Usually located midway
18、between the upper and lower borders of the body of the mandible, in the area of the premolars. May mimic pathology if superimposed over the apex of one of the premolars.,facial view,Mandibular Molar,External oblique ridge,Submandibulargland fossa,Mandibular canal,Mylohyoid ridge (internal oblique),a
19、 = external oblique ridge b = mylohyoid ridge c = mandibular canal d = submandibular gland fossa,The external oblique ridge (red arrows) and the mylohyoid ridge (blue arrows) usually run parallel with each other, with the external oblique ridge always being higher on the film.,Identify the anatomica
20、l structures on the following eight slides. Enter answers on the accompanying answer sheet.,Slide # 1,The red arrows identify the ?the floor of the nasal fossa,Slide # 2,A. The red arrow points to the ?conoroid process B. The white arrows identify the ?maxillary tubersity C. The blue arrow points to
21、 the ?sinus septum D. The yellow arrow identifies the ?zygomatic process,Slide # 3,The small radioluceny identified by the green arrow is the ? Lingual foramen,Slide # 4,The radiopacity identified by the blue arrows is the ?internal oblique line/mylohyoid ridge B. The orange arrow identifies the ? M
22、andibular canal/inferior nerve canal,Slide # 5,The yellow arrows point to the ?zygomatic process The red arrows identify the ?maxillary sinus,Slide # 6,The red arrow points to the ?inferior concha The orange arrow points to the ?nosal septum The blue arrows point to the radiolucent line known as the ?median palatine suture,Slide # 7,The red arrows point to the ? Mental ridge,Slide # 8,The red arrows identify the ?mandibular canal What is the name of the radiolucent area surrounding the canal?submandibular gland fossa,The End,
