1、火本，才上母停留时间分布综合实验报告指导老师：刘秀军实验成员： 王刚 罗丹 叶佳义 王凯 王静邓超超实验地点：实训中心 D310试验时间：2013.10.14-10.18第1页共31页一、实验目的1 .掌握用脉冲示踪法测定停留时间分布及数据处理方法；2 .了解和掌握停留时间分布函数的基本原理；3 .了解停留时间分布与模型参数的关系；4 .了解多级混本实验通过单釜、多釜及管式反应器中停留时间分布的测定，将数据计算结果用多釜串联模型来定量返混程度，从而认识限制返混的措施和釜、管式反应器特性；5 .了解和掌握模型参数 N的物理意义及计算方法。二、实验原理在连续流动反应器中，由于反应物料的返混以及在反
2、应器内出现的层流，死角，短 路等现象，使得反应物料在反应器中的停留时间有长有短，即形成停留时间分布，影响 反应进程和最终结果。测定物料的停留时间分布是描述物料在反应器内的流动特性和进 行反应器设计计算的内容之一。停留时间分布可以用停留时间分布密度函数E(t)和停留时间分布函数F来表示，这两种概率分布之间存在着对应关系，本实验只是用冲脉示踪法来测定E(t),利用其对应关系也可以求出 F来。函数 E的定义是：在某一瞬间加入系统一定量示踪物料， 该物料中各流体粒子将经过不同的停留时间后依次流出，而停留时间在t, t+dt间的物料占全部示踪物料的分率为E(t)dt。根据定义，E有归一化性质：Edt 1
3、.0(1)0E(t)可以用其他量表示为E(t)(Qo/M) c(t)(2)其中：Qo主流体体积流量，M为示踪物量，c为t时刻流出的示踪剂浓度。对停留时间分布密度函数E有两个重要概念，数学期望t和方差t2 ,它们分别定义为E(t)对原点的一次矩和二次矩。 当实验数据的数量大，且所获样品是瞬间样品，即相应于某时刻t下的样品，则：NNtiE(ti) titG tt (3)E(ti) tiCAi tii 1i 1Nt2E(ti ) ti2 i 1t-NE(ti) tii 1-2tNti CAiti2u tNICAitii 1(4)式中力是两次取样时间，若等时间间隔取样,Nti CAi i 1-NCAi
4、 i 1Nt2Cti CAi2 i 1t-NCAi i 1(5)对恒容稳定流动系统有:tVrV0(6)天厚，才上，孥为了使用方便，常用对比时间E( ) E(t)22 t-2士来代换t,经这样变换后，有以下关系：(7)(8)对全混流 2 1 ,对活塞流2 0,对一般情况02 1。用无因次 2来评价反应器内的流动状态比较方便，一般可将实际反应器当做多 级串联釜式反应器加以描述，并认为每级为全混流反应釜，各级存料量相等，级间无返混。 对多级全?!釜有(N为串联全混釜的个数)：一 1N 2(9)三、实验仪器、设备和试剂釜式反应器(两个)、管式反应器、水泵、转子流量计，阀门，管线若干，电导率仪三台, 分
5、析天平；KCl。四、实验装置原理图天萍7多大摩1511-水槽；2磁力泵；3调节阀；4三通阀；5注射器；6、10、11、16一球阀;7、8反应釜；9、12、13电导率仪；14 转子流量计；15废液槽五、实验内容时间实验内容2013.10.14上午依照实验讲义自行设计组装实验装置下午调试实验装置，对不足之处进行改进2013.10.16上午选取水白流量 Q=2L/h,将平均停留时间保持在10-20min ,注入饱和 KCl溶液示踪剂1.5ml ,记录单釜/、同时间的电导率值下午选取水的流量 Q=2L/h,将平均停留时间保持在10-20min ,先注入饱和 KCl溶液示踪剂1.5ml,记录单釜在不同时
6、间的电导率值，隔一段时间，再次注入饱和KCl溶液示踪剂1.5ml ,记录单釜在不同时间的电导率值2013.10.17上午两釜串联，选定水的流量Q=4L/h,转子的转速取适当小。将平均停留时间保持在10-20min ,注入饱和KCl溶液木踪剂1.5ml,记录单釜在/、同时间的 电导率值下午两釜串联，选定水的流量Q=4L/h,转子的转速取适当大。将平均停留时间保持在10-20min ,注入饱和KCl溶液木踪剂1.5ml,记录单釜在/、同时间的 电导率值2013.10.18上午两釜并联：1.选定水的流量 Q=4L/h,转子的转速取适当大。将平均停留时 间保持在10-20min ,注入饱和KCl溶液木
7、踪剂2ml,记录单釜在/、同时间的 电导率值，2.保持1中水的流量不变，调小转子的转速，在进一次记录下午3.保持2中转亍的转速不变，将水的流量调为Q=6L/h,在进彳口一次记录。管式测量：选定水的流量 Q=4L/h,将平均停留时间保持在10-20min ,注入饱和KCl溶液示踪剂1.5ml,记录管中在不同时间的电导率值六、数据处理将所得结果分成若干段，每段时间间隔相同，将实验结果整理并计算平均停留时间，无因次方差，用多釜串联模型回归模型参数No公式的换算: 当实验数据的数量大，且所获样品是瞬间样品，即相应于某时刻NTiE(Ti) T i 1 NRE(Ti) TiT下的样品,则：NTGiTii
8、1 NRCAiTiNTi2E(T) Tii 1-N一2TNTi2CAiTii 1 -N一2T(2)i 1CAi TE(T) T天库7求上，孥式中力是两次取样时间，若等时间间隔取样,NT2CAiOi 12CAi i 1-N TCAi i 1对恒容稳定流动系统有:VrVo(4)第15页共31页为了使用方便，常用对比时间 T来代换T,经这样变换后，有以下关系:(6)E( ) E(T)22_J_-2对全混流 21 ,对活塞流 20 ,对一般情况021。2用无因次来评价反应器内的流动状态比较方便，一般可将实际反应器当做多级串联釜式反应器加以描述，并认为每级为全混流反应釜，各级存料量相等，级间无返混。对多
9、级全?!釜有（N为串联全混釜的个数）：1-2N T /1.标准组实验数据及处理:质量浓度电导率k （叱S/cm）WC/(mmol/L)1/6%31500.16671666.66671/12%18530.0833833.33331/24%11880.0417416.66671/48% 18540.0208 1208.33331/96%6870.0104104.16671/192%6000.005252.08331/384%5560.002626.04171/718%5380.001413.9276由数据做CK图:500由图得出:-2000200400600800100012001400X Axi
10、s Title16001800A=521.3514B=1.58232 .单釜实验数据处理 (1)单釜单峰实验条件：Q=2L/h饱和KCl溶液示踪剂V=1.5ml时间电导率c(t)tc(t)/12c(t)/t/mink / p. S/(g/m3)min(g/m3)min2(g/m3)0518-1.900.000.000.557433.5016.758.371928257.22257.22257.221.51234450.61675.911013.8721387547.301094.612189.222.51415565.001412.503531.2531401556.151668.465005
11、.373.51378541.621895.666634.8041353525.822103.278413.074.51327509.392292.2310315.0551301492.952464.7712323.835.51276477.152624.3414433.8961248459.462756.7516540.486.51223443.662883.7818744.5571199428.492999.4320996.027.51173412.063090.4423178.2881149396.893175.1225401.008.51120378.563217.7827351.179
12、1104368.453316.0629844.539.51081353.923362.1931940.85101059340.013400.1134001.14庆萍/玄/10.5号.1041328.64111021316.0011.51003304.6212986293.8812.5970283.7613953273.0213.5935261.6414920252.1614.5905242.6815900239.5215.5877224.9916833197.1816.5814185.1717797174.4317.5786167.4818777161.7918.5768156.1019758
13、149.7819.5750144.7320734134.6120.5719125.1321705116.2921.5692108.0722682101.752367295.432466289.112565383.422664477.732763672.682862867.622962062.573061257.513160452.463259748.033359043.613458339.183557634.763656930.343756225.913855622.12根据实验数据作反应釜的t-c(t)图、作 t-tc(t)3450.6736232.073475.9538235.483503
14、.1340285.983526.5142318.143547.0544338.153549.2646140.433532.2047684.703530.3049424.263518.9351024.463592.8753893.073487.3354053.593154.9050478.423055.3650413.482965.3050410.162930.8651290.052912.2252419.902887.8853425.872845.8654071.292822.1655032.072692.2853845.672565.2552587.692442.0151282.312323
15、.5249955.602238.5149247.302194.9150482.842138.6651327.812085.5752139.292021.1152548.821962.3352983.001893.4553016.491814.4552618.971725.3451760.101626.1150409.531537.0049184.101439.0447488.471332.2445296.091216.5842580.421092.0839314.92958.7335473.05840.5531940.85图、作t-t 2c图其k摩t-c图 图形积分面积 Si=7657.197
16、5t-tc(t)图图形积分面积S2=85646.3475t-t2c(t)图图形积分面积S3=1490010-0 tc(t)dtS285646.3475t -11.19c(t)dtS7657.19752 ，、 0 t c(t)dt；2S3-t-tc c(t)dtS114900107657.1975-11.19269.37-2t_ 211.1969.371.805 吧(2)单釜双峰实验条件：流量Q=2L/h ,饱和KCl溶液示踪剂V=1.5ml时间电导率c(t)tc(t)/t/min6/ V S/(g/m3)min(g/m3)0516-3.160.000.565182.1641.081109336
17、1.50361.5022 tt(t)/min2(g/m3)0.0020.54361.50天萍二1.5r央摩1225212392.51230312143.51193411724.51152511305.51109610886.51069710507.51031810138.599699759.59621094510.59321191711.59031289112.58781386513.58521484114.58301581915.58081679816.57881777817.57691876118.57521974419.57362072820.57212171421.5707227012
18、2.569423687444.92667.381001.07453.77907.541815.08448.081120.202800.51437.971313.913941.73424.701486.445202.55411.431645.716582.82398.791794.548075.43384.881924.419622.07371.612043.8611241.23358.342150.0312900.21346.332251.1514632.50334.322340.2616381.85322.322417.3718130.25310.942487.5219900.15300.2
19、02551.6721689.16286.922582.3223240.85278.712647.7325153.42267.962679.6426796.44259.752727.3628637.27250.272752.9530282.50241.422776.3431927.89233.842806.0433672.50225.622820.2635253.27217.412826.2736741.45209.192824.0538124.72202.242831.3239638.50195.292831.6441058.74188.332825.0042375.02181.382811.
20、4143576.91175.062800.9944815.77168.742784.2445939.93162.422761.1746939.90156.732742.8447999.75151.682730.2049143.65145.992700.8249965.08140.932677.7550877.20135.882649.6251667.67130.822616.4452328.89126.402591.1653118.88121.972561.4653790.68117.552527.3354337.67113.762502.6955059.09109.332460.035535
21、0.60104.912412.9455497.69天萍二23.5r央摩6822467624.56712566625.56612665626.56512765027.56492865828.57222984829.594930102530.5107131109331.5109832109632.5108933107833.5106734105334.5103735102135.510073699136.59743796137.59473893338.59203990739.58944088240.58714185841.58484283742.58264381743.58084479844.57
22、8945781101.752391.1456191.7897.962351.0156424.1994.802322.5756902.9391.642290.9757274.2288.482256.2157533.3485.322218.2957675.5482.162177.2157696.0881.532201.2359433.1080.892224.6161176.7786.582424.3267880.93127.033620.36103180.34206.665993.17173802.06270.497979.52235395.94318.529555.71286671.30347.
23、6010601.66323350.50361.5011206.47347400.62364.6611486.76361832.93363.4011628.64372116.54358.9711666.56379163.24352.0211616.63383348.92345.0711559.75387251.79336.2211431.46388669.66326.1111250.71388149.53316.0011059.85387094.74307.1510903.75387083.04297.0410693.29384958.60286.2910449.66381412.66278.0
24、810288.82380686.34269.2310096.06378602.35260.389894.46375989.38252.169708.34373770.93243.959514.00371045.95235.739311.45367802.09228.159125.96365038.24221.208958.48362818.37212.988732.23358021.23206.668576.44355922.23199.718387.79352287.18192.768192.19348168.01187.078043.99345891.42181.387890.103432
25、19.21175.067702.71338919.29169.377537.13335402.26164.327394.30332743.47t-c图，图形积分面积 Si=12237.325t-tc图，图形积分面积 S2=305980.8575t-t2c图，图形积分面积 S3=1105512445.5773159.267246.41329711.8146765154.217093.47326299.6946.5757149.156935.47322499.5347750144.736802.12319699.8047.5743140.306664.35316556.5948736135.886
26、522.15313063.2649723127.666255.45306517.1050711120.086003.92300195.9251699112.495737.22292598.1252689106.175521.08287096.005367999.855292.30280491.695466993.535050.88272747.275566188.484866.33267648.365665383.424671.68261614.115764578.374466.92254614.175863974.574325.35250870.255963370.784176.202463
27、95.756062766.994019.47241167.92根据实验数据作反应釜的的t-c图、作 t-tc(t)图、作t-t 2c 图犬作，才上，孥0 tcdt s2305980.85750 c(t) dt 12237.3252520 t c(t)dt0 cdt-2 S3- 2 110551242t - t-25278.3938S112237.325-2tt252278.39382.245-33 .串联釜实验数据处理(1)实验条件：流量 Q=4L/h ,饱和KCl溶液示踪剂 V=1.5ml转子转速较大时间电导率c(t)tc(t)/12c(t)/电导率c(t)tc(t)/t2c(t)/t/sk
28、 1/ p. S/(g/m3)s(g/m3)s2(g/m3)k 2/ 心 S/(g/m3)s(g/m3)s2(g/m3)05273.790.000.0058439.820.000.00105295.0650.56505.5958439.82398.153981.5520776161.163223.1664463.1258439.82796.3115926.1830880226.886806.55204196.4258439.821194.4635833.9140907243.959757.95390317.8958842.341693.7467749.4850909245.2112260.63
29、613031.6659748.032401.57120078.3760906243.3214599.00875940.0960653.723223.16193389.3770900239.5216766.731173671.2461660.044202.74294192.0080893235.1018808.061504645.1462666.365308.73424698.2290885230.0420704.041863363.4663572.056484.23583580.86100878225.6222562.092256209.3264477.737773.49777349.4311
30、0870220.5724262.152668836.5065282.799107.001001769.58120862215.5125861.093103330.5966188.4810617.461274094.67130853209.8227276.753545977.3766993.5312159.511580736.90140846205.4028755.614025785.2567597.3313625.731907602.86150838200.3430051.194507678.70682101.7515262.592289388.86160831195.9231346.7750
31、15483.79688105.5416886.812701889.65170823190.8632446.445515894.58694109.3318586.873159767.43180816186.4433558.746040573.85700113.1320362.763665297.35210794172.5336232.077608734.12715122.6125747.335406939.27240774159.8938374.529209884.35727130.1931245.667498957.21270757149.1540270.4910873032.93737136
32、.5136857.749951589.46300769156.7347020.1614106048.16744140.9342280.2212684067.50330724128.2942337.1013971244.39751145.3647968.1515829488.72360709118.8142773.1815398344.18754147.2553011.4419084118.06390695109.9742886.9416725905.33756148.5257922.0122589584.78420681101.1242469.8217837325.41758149.78629
33、08.4226421538.27第17页共31页天*7技夫摩45067094.1742375.0219068760.66758149.7867401.8848065886.5841559.7519948682.30757149.1571591.9951064880.2640934.0820876382.48755147.8975421.8554063974.5740270.4921746065.85753146.6279175.8857063068.8939265.6322381406.81750144.7382493.8460062263.8338298.6822979207.4874714
34、2.8385698.0363061559.4137426.5323578714.53742139.6787992.1666060854.9836288.9523950704.67738137.1490513.8169060150.5634885.9324071288.63734134.6192883.7872059546.7733672.5024244201.48730132.0995102.0775059043.6132705.5624529166.40725128.9396694.6878058540.4531549.0124608228.53720125.7798097.71810580
35、37.2930202.8724464324.09715122.6199311.1384057634.7629198.0024526322.44710119.45100334.9687057232.2328041.4624396069.01705116.29101169.1890056829.7026733.2424059912.79700113.13101813.8293056527.8125861.0924050812.11695109.97102268.8596056225.9124875.1823880174.43691107.44103141.0099055924.0223775.52
36、23537761.49686104.28103235.80102055622.1222562.0923013335.02682101.75103785.63105055420.8621898.5022993427.2967798.59103520.19108055118.9620476.5222114643.2467396.06103747.71111054917.7019642.2921802945.0866892.90103122.04114054716.4318732.2321354736.7866490.37103027.24117054515.1717746.3220763192.8266087.85102780.76120054414.5417442.9620931555.3365685.32102382.61123054213.2716324.3420078935.7365282.79101832.78126054012.0115129.8719063641.5364980.89101927.57129053911.38
