1、- 1 -陕西礼泉县 2016 高考英语阅读理解（二轮）联练（1）科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2012 全国,C)改编Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships.For example,in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure.Yet it also has other uses.A womans smile at a police officer does not
2、carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child.A smile may show love or politeness.It can also hide true feelings.It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures.For example,many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper.Yet many American
3、s smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities).Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places;some Americans believe that Russians dont smile enough.In Southeast Asian cultures,a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings.Vietnamese
4、people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.Our faces show emotions (情感),but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture.The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of anothe
5、r does not mean that they do not experience emotions.Rather,there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressiveness permitted.For example,in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do.When with friends,Japanese and Americans seem
6、to show their emotions similarly.It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States.People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others.The key is to try n
7、ot to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different.If we judge according to our own cultural habits,we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.1.What does the smile usually mean in the U.S.?( )- 2 -A.Love. B.Politeness.C.Joy. D.Thankfulness.2.The author mentions th
8、e smile of the Vietnamese to prove that a smile can . A.show friendliness to strangersB.be used to hide true feelingsC.be used in the wrong placesD.show personal habits3.What should we do before attempting to “read” people?( )A.Learn about their relations with others.B.Understand their cultural back
9、grounds.C.Find out about their past experience.D.Figure out what they will do next.4.What would be the best title for the text?( )A.Cultural Differences B.Smiles and RelationshipsC.Facial Expressiveness D.Habits and Emotions语篇解读:本文为说明文。介绍面部表情在不同文化、不同地域的不同含义。答案及剖析:1.C 事实细节题。根据第一段“For example,in Ameri
10、can culture(文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure.”可知答案为 C 项。2.B 事实细节题。根据第一段“In Southeast Asian cultures,a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings.”可知答案为 B 项。3.B 事实细节题。根据文章第二段第二、三句可知答案。4.C 主旨大意题。本文主要写在不同文化背景下,面部表情的不同含义。【疑难词汇解读】1.confusion n.困惑;慌乱The old woman looked at him
11、 in confusion.老妇人用迷茫的目光打量着他。2.cover v.掩饰;隐匿She laughed to cover her anxiety.她试图以笑来掩饰她的焦虑。- 3 -【长难句子分析】 主 语 同位 语 从句 同位 语 从句 谓语 .宾语 从句事实上一种文化背景下的人不能像另一种文化背景下的人一样直率地表达他们的情感,这并不意味着他们不经历这些情感。社会生活型阅读理解(二) People turn to magic(魔力)chiefly as a form of insurancethat is, they use it along with actions that ac
12、tually bring results. For example, hunters may use a hunting charm(咒语). But they also use their hunting skills and knowledge of animals. The charm may give hunters the extra confidence they need to hunt even more successfully than they would without it. If they shoot a lot of game(猎物), they credit t
13、he charm for their success. Many events happen naturally without magic. Crops grow without it, and sick people get well without it. But if people use magic to bring a good harvest or to cure a patient, they may believe the magic was responsible. People also tend to forget magics failures and to be i
14、mpressed by its surface successes. They may consider magic successful if it appears to work only 10 percent of the time. Even when magic fails, people often explain the failure without doubting the power of the magic. They may say that the magician made a mistake in reciting the spell or that anothe
15、r magician cast a more powerful spell against the magician. Many anthropologists(人类学家) believe that people have faith in magic because they feel a need to believe in it. People may turn to magic to reduce their fear and uncertainty if they feel they have no control over the outcome of a situation. F
16、or example, farmers use knowledge and skill when they plant their - 4 -fields. But they know that weather, insects, or diseases might ruin the crops. So farmers in some societies may also plant a charm or perform a magic rite to ensure a good harvest.1. From the passage, we can learn that the writer
17、 of the passage may be _A. a hunter B. a farmer C. a magician D. an anthropologist2. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?A. Magic and Hunting B. Magic and FarmingC. Why Magic Works? D. Why People Believe in Magic?3. The underlined word “spell”(Paragraph 2) most probably
18、 means “_”. A. magic words B. magic events C. words or expressions D. magicians4. People believe in magic because_A. magic powers are greater than natural powersB. magic can turn dreams into realityC. they are not sure of themselves D. magic can bring good results 5. Which of the following statement
19、s is NOT true according to the passage?A. Even though magic fails, believers in magic will explain the reason.B. Believers in magic usually overstate the power of magic.C. People use magic to reduce their uncertainty and give them extra confidence.D. Magic can solve problems people cant deal with in
20、 a natural way.(三)【要点综述】 为什么有些人相信魔法咒语呢？魔法咒语真的灵验吗？这些人相信魔法咒语是因为他们缺乏自信。作者以人类学家的科学眼光分析了这种社会现象。1D 2D 主旨大意题。全文主要介绍了人们为什么相信咒语。- 5 -3A 词义猜测题。同形异义词需要根据上下文语境来确定其具体意义，不可受原先所熟悉词义的约束。文中第二段的“spell”与“拼写”无关，而是指“咒语”可知。4C 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，人们相信魔法咒语是因为人们需要相信它。当人们无法控制情况的后果时，就可能转向寻求魔法咒语来减轻自己的恐惧或不安，也就是人们缺乏自信。5D 正误判断题。D 项意
21、思为：咒语可以解决人们用自然的方式不能解决的问题。由文章内容可知，咒语只是人们解决问题时的一种寄托和心理安慰，并不能真正地帮助人们解决问题，故 D 项表述错误。其他三项均可从文中找到相应的依据。【2014 高考英语河南省内黄一中一模】DSome young Cambodians are learning a new sport-skateboarding. The countrys first skateboard park is located on the grounds of local charity group at the edge of Phnom Penh, the capit
22、al.Sports like Khmer boxing and soccer are wildly popular in Cambodia. But Chea, who has been skating for 6 months, says skateboarding has already become the favorite sport.The skateboarders are learning tricks like launching a jump or flying through the air on their narrow wooden boards.A non-gover
23、nmental organization called Skateistan Cambodia organizes weekly programs at the park. Skateistan started its work in Afghanistan years ago. Rory Burke is working with the group which expanded to Cambodia last year.Rory Burke points out, “Yeah, its definitely not a typical Cambodian pastime .and I t
24、hink the idea of why skateboarding exists because its not been done before here. We want to use skateboarding as something saying, Hey, this is something new and different. And that kind of itself becomes a little bit of hook. People see it and they think and they say, wow, what is that? and they wa
25、nt to get involved.”Skateistan partners with local groups work with young people . The park is on - 6 -the grounds of the group known as PSE, where children attend school and learn a trade. There are almost one hundred twenty participants. They all from troubled lives.Seventeen-year-old Sang Rotha i
26、s a student at PSE. “Sometimes I dont do well in subjects like math,” he says, “ I feel bad when I find it hard to keep up with my lessons. So that is why I skateboard to improve my bad feelings.”He says he began skateboarding more than a year ago. Before he started training, it seemed very easy. Bu
27、t it was very difficult to learn tricks, and he got hurt a lot from falling off.Rory Burke says learning to deal with the difficulties is part of the lesson for these young skateboarders.67.According to the passage, PSE is a group_.A. that works with Cambodian students B. for young Cambodians to lea
28、rn a tradeC. for young Cambodians in troubled lives D. for young Cambodian taking skateboarding68.What is said about skateboarding in the passage?A. It is easy for young Cambodians to learn. B. It is a good sport to help regain good feelingsC. It originated in Afghanistan years ago. D. It is as popu
29、lar as Khmer boxing in Cambodia.69.The underlined pars “a little bit of hook” in paragraph 5 probably means_.A. something strange B. something new C. something different D. something attractive70. It can be inferred from the passage that skateboarding is becoming_.A. a sport liked by most young Camb
30、odiansB. an increasingly popular sport in Cambodia- 7 -C. a sport used to better young Cambodians lifeD. a good way to train young Cambodians learning skills【参考答案】6770、CBDC- 1 -陕西礼泉县 2016 高考英语阅读理解（二轮）联练（2）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。BEIJING, July 8 (Xinhuanet)- A new hotel conce
31、pt has been realized in a village in Northern Sweden, which aims to make the simple treehouse become a world-class destination for travellers. The Treehotel, located in a place called Harads, will consist of four rooms when it opens on July 17th: the Cabin, the Blue Cone, the Nest, and the Mirrorcub
32、e.Two additional rooms are scheduled to open in October. The long term vision(想象) is even more expansive. “Our goal in five years is to have 24 rooms from 24 different architects,” says Treehotel co-founder Kent Lindvall.The first six rooms were designed by five different architects. The Mirrorcube
33、which stands four meters high and four meters wide, and the walls of which are made with a mirrored glass, has drawn widespread attention as it will be attached to a single tree. “Its an interesting building. You cant find anything else like this in the world today. Its unique(独特的),” says Lindvall.
34、“Everything will reflect in it-the trees, the birds, the clouds and the sun in the forest. So it could hardly be seen in the forest. This is untouched forest and we want to keep it the same way.”Lindvall says the Treehotels vision proves a powerful draw, with enquiries(询问) coming in from far and wid
35、e. “I think whats exciting here is that were just 60 km below the Arctic Circle. It means theres a good possibility to have the northern lights in the winter and of course to have the midnight sun in the summer.”The motto of the Treehotel is “Feel Free in a Tree” and expense will cost up to about $5
36、55.50 for two guests in the Cube, which is designed to hold up to four guests. 47. The underlined word “expansive” probably means _. A. costing a lot of money- 2 -B. covering a large areaC. requiring knowledge and skillsD. increasing suddenly and rapidly48. According to the passage, the Mirrorcube i
37、s a unique building because _. A. everything can reflect in it B. its large with plenty of spaceC. there is a large mirror wall in itD. it has limited effect on local wildlife 49. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. The Treehotel is ideally situated to enjoy the natural wonders. B. The Tre
38、ehotel is a great base to explore the many local places of interest.C. Travellers can have a relaxed holiday at a reasonable price in the Treehotel.D. The six rooms of the Treehotel was separately designed by 6 different architects.50. Where can you most probably see the passage? A. In a newspaper.
39、B. In a magazine.C. In a website.D. In a science journal.【参考答案】4750、BAAC阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang. It was an eccentric(怪僻的)farmer. I had never met him before although I had often heard people talk about him. He sou
40、nded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understood anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident. I hadnt the slightest idea who she was but I obviously had to go .It had been snowing heavily that day and I didnt kno
41、w the way. I had been - 3 -driving for at least an hour when I finally found his place. He was standing there, waiting for me. It seemed Milly had died. “She meant more to me than anyoneeven my own wife!” he said. I could see that he had been crying. I thought something terrible had taken place, a p
42、ossible scandal(丑闻). I was even more shocked when he told me he had put her in the barn(厩).”I wouldnt leave her out in the cold!” he said.Milly had clearly been a secret lover of his. I was about to tell him he could not expect me to cover anything up when he opened the barn door .He lifted his cand
43、le and I saw a dark figure on the ground.” She was such a good cow! I wouldnt let anyone but a doctor touch her!” he said, and burst into tears again.46.The underlined phrase “make out” in the first paragraph means _ .A.expect B.understand C.see clearly D.hear clearly【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。根据 that someone c
44、alled Milly had had a very bad accident.可知作者已经了解了发生了什么事情，故选 B。47.Before he arrived at the farmers house, the writer expected to see Milly lying _ .A.on the ground of a barn B.on the floor of a room.C.in bed in a room D.in bed in a barn【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据 that someone called Milly had had a very bad ac
45、cident.可知作者认为应该是一个人出了事，应该躺在床上，故选 C。48.What do we know about Milly from the story?A.She had met with an accident.B.She had caused a scandalC.She was seriously ill.D.She was hidden somewhere.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据 Milly had had a very bad accident.可知她除了事故，故选A。49.The farmer wished that the writer might _ .A
46、.look into the matterB.bring Milly back to life- 4 -C.free him from a scandalD.keep the whole thing a secret【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据 I wouldnt let anyone but a doctor touch her!”可知作者是一个医生，这个农民想让他去救活他的这头牛，故选 B。50.The person who told the story is probably a _ .A.farmer B.policeman C.country doctor D.newspape
47、r reporter【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据 I wouldnt let anyone but a doctor touch her 可知他可能是乡村医生，故选 C。科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2012 福建,D)改编Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too?Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself?Well,apparently its because we have mirror n
48、eurons (神经元)in our brains.Put simply,the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something,our brains imitate (模枋)it,whether or not we actually perform the same action.This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile,talk,walk,dance or play sports.But the id
49、ea goes further:mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions,they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains,but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages,an
50、d to understand how other people feel.Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language.A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example:“The hand took hold of the ball”),the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was
51、actually performed (in this example,actually taking hold of a ball).Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with - 5 -behavior.Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning.However,it is not yet known e
52、xactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact (互动 ).Indeed,it may turn out to be the equivalent (相等物)for neuroscience of what Einsteins theory of relat
53、ivity was for physics.And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else doeswell,perhaps youll understand why.1.Mirror neurons can explain . A.why we cry when we are hurtB.why we cough when we suffer from a coldC.why we smile when we see someone else smileD.why we yawn whe
54、n we see someone else stay up late2.The underlined word “triggered”in the third paragraph probably means “ ”. A.set off B.cut off C.built up D.broken up3.We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons . A.relate to human behavior and interactionB.control human physical actions and feelingsC.resul
55、t in bad behavior and social disordersD.determine our knowledge and language abilities4.What is the passage mainly about?( )A.Ways to find mirror neurons.B.Problems of mirror neurons.C.Existence of mirror neurons.D.Functions of mirror neurons.语篇解读:本文是说明文,为科普知识类文章,主要介绍在人类大脑中无处不在的反应神经元的功能。答案及剖析:1.C 推理
56、判断题。根据第二段第一、二句可知,反应神经元的存在表明了每次我们看见别人做什么时,我们的大脑就模仿,这足以解释我们是如何学会笑、说、走、跳- 6 -舞或是运动的。故答案为 C 项。2.A 猜测词义题。根据第三段最后一句意思,一组研究人员发现如果他们让被测试者听这样的句子(例如:“用手抓住球”),同样,当相应的实际动作在运转时,反应神经元也起作用。set off 激起,引起;cut off 切断;build up 增进;break up 散开,驱散。故答案为 A 项。3.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知,反应神经元的相关研究似乎为我们提供更多有关人类行为和互动的信息。因此,可以推断反应神经
57、元与人类行为和互动有关联,故答案为 A 项。4.D 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍反应神经元的作用,故答案为 D 项。【长难句子分析】主 语 谓语 ( 宾语 从句)定 语 ( 宾语 从句 ).定 语 从句宾语 从句许多研究表明,社交和举止有问题的人,他的反应神经元功能没有充分发挥。谓语动词 suggests 后面跟着一个由 that 引导的宾语从句,其中 with social and behavioral problems 作 people 的定语;which 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 mirror neurons。阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将
58、该项涂黑。Mr and Mrs Gordon were sitting on the sand, reading their magazines. Mr Gordon was too stingy(吝啬)to rent a chair. Their twelve-year-old daughter,Sandra, was playing at the waters edge. Suddenly a huge wave lifted Sandra up and carried her out to sea. Fortunately,a lifeguard was on duty and he s
59、aw the wave carry Sandra away. He ran along the beach and dived into the sea. He swam quickly to where the girl, with her head only just above the water, was shouting for help. She was very frightened. When the lifeguard reached her,she struggled with him, as drowning people often do. However, he wa
60、s a skilful lifeguard and quickly took hold of her and swam with her back to the beach. By the time he reached it, Mr and Mrs Gordon had realized what had happened. They had run down to the waters edge. Neither of them could swim. They just stood in the shallow water, and worried about their daughte
61、r.- 7 -Had the lifeguard reached her in time? Fortunately, he had. “That was quick work,young man,”Mr Gordon said. He turned to his wife, “Give the lifeguard a dollar.” “A dollar!” Sandra cried. “Dad,how can you give him a dollar! He saved my life. I was half dead.” “Quite right, girl !” Mr Gordon s
62、aid, pleased by his daughters awareness of the value of money. He turned to his wife again and said, “Shes right. She was only half dead. Give him fifty cents.”51. What happened to Sandra？A. She ran into the sea. B. Her life was saved by a lifeguard.C. She was drowned. D. She died.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据
63、He saved my life.门卫救了她的生命，故选 B。52. What would probably have happened to Sandra if the lifeguard had not been on the beach？A. Her father would have saved her. B. Her mother would have saved her.C. She would have swum back to the beach. D. She would have been drowned.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据 He swam quickly
64、to where the girl, with her head only just above the water, was shouting for help.如果没有门卫在海滩，有可能她被淹死了，故选 D。53. What did Mr and Mrs Gordon do when Sandra was carried out to sea by the wave？A. They shouted to the lifeguard. B. They dived into the water.C. Perhaps they were reading magazines.D. They off
65、ered the lifeguard money to save Sandra.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据 Mr and Mrs Gordon were sitting on the sand, reading their magazines.他们正在看报纸，故选 C。- 8 -54. Why was Sandra angry with her father？A. He did not give the lifeguard any money. B. He did not swim out to save her.C. He did not show the lifeguard hea
66、rty thankfulness.D. He gave the lifeguard too much money.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据“A dollar!” Sandra cried. “Dad,how can you give him a dollar! He saved my life. I was half dead.她生气因为父亲没有显示出诚意来，故选C。55. Why was Mr Gordon pleased with her daughter？A. She was safe again.B. She was polite to the lifeguard.C. He
67、 thought she did not want him to give the life-guard too much money.D. She gave the lifeguard fifty cents.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据 Mr Gordon said, pleased by his daughters awareness of the value of money. He turned to his wife again and said, “Shes right. She was only half dead. Give him fifty cents.”父亲看见女儿的大叫他认为给门卫的钱多了。他原来认为她不想给门卫太多的钱，故选 C。
