1、淮山药“薯床型“纵带定向高效栽培法（英文） 韦本辉 广西农业科学院经济作物研究所 摘 要： 该文在发明淮山药定向结薯栽培方法的基础上, 创新淮山药更为简单易行的新技术;根据淮山药大容沟、大薯床、大土量促进大增产原理, 采用建立适合淮山多薯条生长与容纳的大“薯床“, 研究提出淮山药纵带定向高效栽培新技术, 具体为碎土开行 (沟) 铺设塑料彩布条带或其它淮山薯条生长不易穿透的硬质材料, 回土成垄 (畦) , 然后在垄 (畦) 上种植淮山种薯, 采收时将彩布条带上15 cm 土壤去掉取薯, 简单易行, 产量高达 75000 kg/hm2左右;适合于各种土地类型, 尤其适合 1025的旱坡地、山地及林
2、下应用推广;可应用于半机械化或机械化种植、采收, 具有重大应用前景。关键词： 淮山药; 纵带定向; 栽培技术; 作者简介：韦本辉 (1954-) , 男, 广西北流人, 研究员, 从事粉垄耕作栽培和薯类作物研究, E-mail:。收稿日期：2017-03-07基金：Supported by Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Team Program (2016YT60) Vertically Band-based Orientation Cultivation for Dioscorea oppositaBenhui WEI Cash Crops
3、 Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Abstract： The author made innovation on cultivation technology of Dioscorea opposite based on orientation tuberization. According to large furrow, big tuber, and lots of soils, a tuber bed is established suitable for yam growth, and a ve
4、rtically bandbased orientation is introduced. Specifically, soils are ground and colored bands are paved in bottom of furrows where tubers can be cultivated. At harvest, band soils can be removed to collect tubers. It is simple and easy. The yield can be as high as 75 000 kg/hm2. It is applicable in
5、 a variety of lands, especially for arid areas, mountains areas or under-forest lands with slopes from 10 to 25. Semi-mechanical or mechanical planting and harvest can be applied with promising prospects.Keyword： Dioscorea opposita; Vertically band-based orientation; Cultivation technology; Received
6、： 2017-03-07Dioscorea opposita Thunb, alsocalled Chinese yam, is aspecies of Dioscorea in the family of Dioscoreaceae and cultivated throughout the world1.It is consumed in diverse ways, including as one of crops, vegetable, and medicines.In the south of China, it is known as Huaishan, while in the
7、north of China, it is called Shanyao, or Huaishanyao, or Shuyu.It is an annual or perennial climbing bine and its edible tubers and bulbil are mainly cultivated for1-2.In the south, however, young stems and leaves are considered culinary vegetables3, which are a rich source of car bohydrates, protei
8、n, amino acid, vitamin, and trace elements4-6, as well as diosgenin, dopamine, batatasine hydrochloride, polyphenoloxidase and allantoin5-7.In the decade, new yam cultivars have been bred with supporting cultivation technologies, so that it now grows throughout over 20 provinces, domestically, with
9、area going up from100 000 hmin 2004 to 500 000 hmin2016.It is believed that growth of yield per unit and total yield has resolved the conflict between Chinese yam supply and consumption and enriched residentsdietary, in urban or rural areas.The yam tubers develop underground, having high requirement
10、s on soils.Traditionally, pre-cultivation digging and re-filling after soil grinding are necessary for the sake of Chinese yam growth.At harvest, digging starts again to remove top soils on tubers for the convenience of tuber collection.In 2005, Wei Benhui developed a new cultivation approach-orient
11、ation tuberization cultivation, contributing to the orientation cultivation with frameworks, orientation ecology, under-forest orientation ecology, fertilizer bagbased orientation ecology, and vertically band orientation.These will be applied to under-forests, and barren slopes, saving 10 labor work
12、 and increasing yield by 20%.The vertically band orientation, in particular, is simple and contributes to yield around 75 000kg/hm.It is expected to be further developed.Basic Principles and Concepts of Vertically bandbased Orientation Cultivation for Chinese yamWei Benhui developed yam orientation
13、tuberization in 2005, serving as a basis for the new approach.For the new, its core is orientation tuberization and vertically band-based with slope of 10.Besides, a tuber bed is made of hard materials.The wide furrow, lots of soils and colored bands are available and give supports for yam tuber gro
14、wth.Hence, yam yield will be high per unit, land preparation will be highly efficient, and tubers be easier collected.Basic principleIt is cultivated for the consumption of tubers and grown vertically.However, it will turn around meeting hard materials at growth, but provided a specific slope, it wi
15、ll grow along the direction.Meanwhile, its growth requires more nutrients and water.As for vertically band-based orientation cultivation, it allows tubers to grow wider and deeper on basis of orientation tuberization, making it easier and faster to cultivate yams.Application rangesThe vertically ban
16、d-based orientation cultivation will adapt to a wide range of conditions and be worth promoting in yam producing areas.Besides, the arid areas with slopes of10-25will be better to reduce land preparation work, with terrain advantages.Land Preparation Technology based on Vertically band-basedOrientat
17、ion CultivationLand preparation of arid slope, mountainous areas and under-forest lands with slopes of 10-25The smooth areas without stones or other obstacles will be ideal, like arid slopes or mountainous areas where smash-ridging machines or tractors have access to.At first, lands will be plowed w
18、ith the power ridge machine or the tractor with depth of 20cm.Plant rows and furrows will be made, by the machines according to local conditions and specific yam species.For example, the row spacing can be ranged from 1.2 to 1.6 m and furrow can be 25-28 cm wide and 25-30 cm deep.Subsequently, fragm
19、ented soils in the furrow will be cleaned and colored bands be tailored 26-30cm wide.The bands would then be spread on the furrow bottom, tightened, and pressed.The two ends of the colored bands can be erected 1-2cm high with soils.Soil refilling will follow and the space on the band around10 cm sho
20、uld be covered with fragmented soils.Or rice straws or other weeds can be covered on the bands.These are supports for yams tuberization.For example, tubers grow and turn around meeting the bands and the growth space will be better with loosened environment.Finally, the colored bands can be as thick
21、as 25-30 cm in the furrow and the furrow surface can be bulged or full for the convenience of drip irrigation.Base fertilizers should be applied to the sides of the ridges in case of tuber appearance or quality affected.Soil refilling has to follow to supply fertilizer and water.Meanwhile, tubers gr
22、owing along colored bands have to be away from fertilizers to make sure appearance smooth.Landpreparationforvertically band-based orientation cultivation in flat areasIn the aspect of land preparation, yams should be planted in segmented areas to meet the demand of orientation growth.Firstly, soils
23、in horizons of15-20 cm have to be ground by a smash-ridging machine or a tractor.Then, hard materials like colored bands can be paved on the furrows in different segments.Every segment is5 m long and the slope of furrow bottom is about 10.At paving colored bands, bands have to be straightened and ti
24、ghtened, with 1-2 cm vertically high in two ends.Subsequently, bands should be covered with straws or weeds or refilled with ground soils, forming a yam bed.Finally, the thickness of ridge should be from 25 to 30cm.Notably, base fertilizers have to be applied in two sides, not the yam bed.Planting a
25、nd Field ManagementPlantingThe vertically band-based orientation cultivation is so similar to conventional planting methods.Tubers have to be sterilized and grown in correspondingseasons.Specifically, plant density tends to differ upon specific species.For example, the plant density can range from 2
26、2 488.756 to26 986.507 for Guihuai yams in the south of China.They can be grown in Ping (a Chinese character) -shaped or S-shaped, and 3-4 plants can be cultivated every meter.Besides, the tuber can never exceed the width of a tuber bed to the convenience of tuber growth within the colored bands.The
27、 length can even be 2-3 m.In the north of China, however, plant density has to be regulated, especially for Tiehun yams, and larger density will be recommended to guarantee yields.Field managementIn order to ensure tuber commercial value and weights, final singling of seedlings becomes necessary.For
28、 example, a strong seedling can be remained from every plant.The seedling can be pressed by the left hand, and the rest will be removed along with tuber skins.Other work like building a framework, fertilization and drip irrigation could continue as per conventional approach.Management during tuebriz
29、ation processFor the yam grown in the south, tuberization usually starts during summer-fall season, necessitating fertilizer and water management to make sure the yam requiring sufficient nutrients.In addition to that, nitrogen fertilizers have to be diminished, while phosphorus and potassium fertil
30、izers can be more.In the north, however, growth term is relatively short, so that fertilization and water management have to be underscored in the early and middle stages, both.HarvestThe best part of the technology is that it provides a good vertical bandbed for tuber.Therefore, tubers will grow al
31、ong the colored bands, convenient for mechanical or semi-mechanical harvest.Besides, people may apply a rake to plow soils in the depth of15 cm and collect the yam directly, or these will be done by machines, followed by artificial or mechanical collection of tubers/参考文献1WEI BH (韦本辉) , et al.Chinese
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35、张婷婷) , et al.A review of chemical constituent and medicinal function of yam (淮山的化学成分和药理作用研究进展) J.Packaging and Food Machinery (包装与食品机械) , 2015, (01) :46-50. 7LIU LX (刘丽旋) , LIN YX (林毅雄) , DUAN Q (段起) , et al.Research advances of functional characteristic and processing technology of yam (淮山的功能特性与加工技术研究进展) J.Current Biotechnology (生物技术进展) , 2013, (06) :443-447.
