1、,语法点的讲练,动名词,Grammar,Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见；眼见为实。 Saving is getting. 节约就是获得; 节约而后有。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 By reading we enrich the mind, by conversation we polish it. 读书使人充实，交谈使人精明。,动名词的定义和形式,它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为:v-ing, 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。动名词有时态和语态的变化。,注意
2、：动名词的否定形式是：not doing,动名词的时态和语态的基本形式：（以write为例）,V-ing形式的构成方式：,1.在一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加词尾 ing。 eg. study studying; carry carrying; worry worrying; 2.在以不发音的e 结尾的动词后，去掉e，再加- ing。 eg. live living dance dancing argue arguing ride riding 3.在闭音节的单音节动词后、以重读闭音节结尾的多音节动词，而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，将这个辅音字母双写（x除外），然后再加 ing。refer ref
3、erring permit permittingbegin beginning forget forgetting 4.在少数几个以 ie 结尾的动词后：须将ie 变作y，再加- ing。(这些动词词典一般均注明) eg. die dying; tie tying lie lying,动名词能在句中充当什么成分？,1作主语. 动名词作主语时，句子有两种形式： 动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。 1) 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。 _ is something we should never do 2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。 _ is very important for me,Playin
4、g tricks on others,Learning new words,议、展、评,动名词作主语,用形式主语it，把真正的主语动名词结构移置句尾。常用-ing形式作主语的句型有： It +be +a waste of time doing 做是浪费时间的 It is/was no good/use/useless doing 做是没用处的 It is/was worthy doing 做是值得的 There is no sense in doing 做没有道理 There is/was no use/useless doing 干是无用的 There is/was nothing wors
5、e than doing 没有比更糟的 There is/was no point doing 干无意义,1) 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。 _ with Shylock2) It is a waste of time trying to persuade him. _,It is useless trying to argue,试图去说服他是在浪费时间。,2. 用作宾语,1）作动词的宾语 某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, include,
6、 keep, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, suggest, 等。,为了便于记忆，特归纳如下：,后跟-ing的动词的顺口溜：,避免，错过，（少）延期建议，完成，（多）练习喜欢，想象，禁不住承认，否定，（又）妒忌逃避，冒险，（多）原谅忍受，保持，（不）介意,avoid, miss, postpone/put off,suggest, finish, practice,enjoy, imagine, cant help,admit, deny, envy,escape, risk, excuse,stand, keep, mind,1)我们必须设法避免犯
7、同样的错误。 We must try to _ the same mistake 2）那个男孩承认自己粗心。 The boy _,avoid making,admitted being careless.,2）作介词的宾语 Eg, We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。Eg, Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活？ Eg, Tony was very unhappy for not having be
8、en invited to the party.,注意：to 在下列短语中是介词，常跟动名词作宾语。be/get used to look forward toget/settle down to pay attention todevote oneself to lead to contribute to object to（反对）stick toeg, Lets get down to preparing for the exam.,1)我期盼着收到你的来信。 I am looking forward to _ 2）她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。She was very _ for our
9、company,hearing from you.,interested in working,3）动名词用在下列词组后作宾语：give up, cant help, feel like, be worth, be busy, set about, put off, think of，insist on等 She cant help crying at the sad sight. Do you feel like _(休息一下)? 4) 既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有：remember, forget, regret, mean, try等，但表达的意义不同。I remember se
10、eing her at the hotel. 我记得在宾馆见过她。(动作发生了)I will remember to see her at the hotel. 我记着要去宾馆见她。(动作尚未发生),having a break/ rest,在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。在begin/start，continue之后，用动名词和不定式， 意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。,1remember/forget/regret,to do 动作尚未发生,doing
11、动作已经发生,2. try,to do 设法、努力去做，尽力,doing 试试去做（看有何结果）,3. mean,to do 打算做（主语一般是人）,doing 意味着（主语一般是物）,4. stop/go on,to do 停下/继续去做另外一件事,doing 停止/继续做手头的事情,注意,有些动词+V-ing表示被动意义 needwantrequiredeservestandbear+doing= to be doneHe deserves punishing= He deserves to be punished.,）动名词的逻辑主语及复合结构 Would you mind _（我开窗户
12、吗）？ Would you mind my / me opening the window? my/ me 称为动名词的逻辑主语 I cant understand Jack /Jacks leaving his wife. I cant understand his/him leaving his wife. Jacks/ His leaving his wife is unbelievable. 动名词的逻辑主语 动名词动名词的复合结构,动名词的复合结构和否定形式,2） 动名词的被动形式: being doneThe officers narrowly escaped _(kill) in
13、 the hot battle. 3）动名词的否定形式：not doingnot having done You will be punished for _(finish) your homework on time.,being killed,not finishing,动名词用法口诀：动名词常泛指，句法作用主/宾/表与定，时态/语态之形式，一般/完成/被动式。Being done 系被动，不含任何进行意。用作主语请留意，常用it作形式主语，不指未来发生事，表达的信息系已知。用作表语请记清，作用相当一名词，检验方法很简单，主表换位能成立。用作定语也易辩，表示名词之用途。用作宾语稍复杂，关键
14、留意谓语动词，时态同谓动作比较，先于谓动用完成式，其逻辑主语不固定，在句中句外均有之。否定式其前加not，复合式其前加物主，非句首宾格也可用，尤其口语中更如此。,Mary coming surprised all of us.2.We would appreciate to hear from you soon. 3.People sometimes cant help to buy something they wont need. 4.Which do you enjoy spending your weekend, fishing or shopping? 5.I still remem
15、ber taken to Shanghai when I was a child.,Marys,to spend,being,Correct the mistakes in each sentence.,hearing,buying,选择题：,1. My watch needs _,but I have no time to go to town to have it _. to repair; repaired B. to be repaired; repairing C. repairing; repaired D. being repaired; repaired2. You shoul
16、d apologize to your sister for _ her the truth. telling B. not telling C. telling not D. not tell3. -The light in the office is still on.-Oh, I forgot _ it off. A. turning B. turn C. to turn D. having turned,4. Our teacher told us to spend some time _ English every day. to practise speaking B. pract
17、ising speaking C. to practise to speak D. practising to speak 5.We cant imagine _ in the entrance examination, for she has never been to school. A) she succeeding B) her succeeding C) she succeed D) her to succeed,6. Tony, would you go and see if Sam has any difficulty _ his tape recorder? A) to fix B) fixing C) for fixing D) fix 7.John regretted _ to the meeting last week. A) not going B) not to go C) not been going D) not to be going,Homework,完成日日清,
