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2019版高考英语一轮复习(浙江用B版)课件:专题八 语篇型填空.ppt

1、If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home 10 dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also be- gin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket. 答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。作者发现一个让自己惊讶的现实:来到中国的西

2、方人几乎 自己不做饭和越来越多的年轻人自己也不做饭。他们这样做除了花钱多还会付出健康的代 价。 1.dishes 句意:制作中国菜被认为是一件特别麻烦的事。考查可数名词复数。dish是可数名 词,要用其复数形式。 2.who/that 很多来到中国的西方人自己做饭的次数大大少于他们在自己国家做饭的次数。 come to China是定语从句,修饰先行词westerners,定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词表示 “人”,所以要用关系代词who/that引导。,3.it 一旦他们意识到在外面吃饭有多么便宜。考查it的用法。空格处是形式主语,真正的主 语是后面的不定式短语to eat out。充当形式主

3、语要用it。 4.visiting 我仍然记得去拜访过一位在这里生活了五年的朋友。考查非谓语动词。空格处是 非谓语动词作宾语,根据语境可知此处表达“记得做过某事”,应该用remember doing sth.,所 以答案为visiting。 5.was shocked 当我得知她那五年自己一次饭也没有做过时,我感到震惊。考查时态、语态 和主谓一致。空格处是句子的谓语,shock与主语I为被动关系,且根据learnt可知为一般过去时 的被动语态,故答案为was shocked。 6.have become 尽管近年来经常在外面吃饭好像对很多年轻人来说已经是一件很平常的事 了。考查非谓语动词。se

4、em to do sth.好像做某事。根据语境和句子中的时间状语in recent years可知,此处应该用不定式的完成式,表示动作已经完成,所以答案为have become。 7.affordable 每周在外面吃饭一两次是可以负担得起的。考查形容词。空格处在句中作表 语,表示主语的特征,要用afford的形容词形式,所以答案为affordable(负担得起的)。 8.higher 这么做可能还会让你付出更高的健康代价。考查形容词比较级。根据even可知此 处应该用比较级形式,故填higher。,9.weight 考查名词。空格处是修饰后面的名词的。weight problems体重问题。

5、 10.for 下一次去你妈妈那儿吃饭的时候,从她那儿获得一些做饭方面的建议。考查介词的用 法。根据语境可知空格处表达“为了吃饭”。应该用介词for表示目的。 长难句 原句:Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. 分析:once引导时间状语从句,once前面的部分是句子的主句。主句中包含一个由关系代词 who/that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词westerners。 译文:

6、很多来到中国的西方人一旦意识到在外面吃饭有多么便宜,他们做饭的次数就远远少于 他们在自己的国家做饭的次数了。 重点词汇 desire n.渴望;欲望 troublesome adj.令人烦恼的 regularly adv.经常地 link n.联系,Passage 2(2018课标全国) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1 (long)than non-runners. You dont have t

7、o run fast or for long 2 (see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3 (die)early by running. While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it 4 (be)more effective at lengthening life 5 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of

8、the review also made a study published in 2014 6 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7 (cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise.its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft s

9、urfaces, do exercises to 8 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always 9 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 10 a try.,答案 语篇解读 本文为

10、说明文。文章介绍了跑步对人们保持身体健康的好处。 1.longer 句意:根据一份医学杂志中的证据报告,跑步者比非跑步者的寿命要长3年。根据题 干中的than可知设空处需用副词比较级形式,故填longer。 2.to see 句意:你不必为了弄清跑步带来的好处而跑得很快、很久。本题考查非谓语动词。 由句意可知,此处在句中作目的状语,主语you与动词see为主动关系,故填不定式的主动式to see。 3.dying 句意:你可能饮酒、吸烟、超重,但你仍然可以通过跑步降低过早死亡的危险。本题 考查非谓语动词。介词(of)后需用动名词形式作宾语,根据提示词die可知设空处填dying。 4.is 句

11、意:虽然经常跑步不可能使你长生不老,但报告上说与走路、骑自行车或游泳相比,跑 步对延长寿命更有效。本题考查主谓一致和时态。设空处所在从句被用来介绍一种理论,需 用一般现在时;再根据主语it及提示词be可知设空处填is。 5.than 本题考查介词。根据题干中的“more effective”可知设空处需填介词than,意为 “比”。 6.that/which 句意:该报告的其中两名作者在2014年还发表了一项研究,这项研究表明每天只,跑步5至10分钟便可以降低患心脏病或由于各种原因导致过早死亡的危险。本题考查定语从 句。先行词为study,指“物”;将先行词代入定语从句后为:The study

12、 showed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作 主语,故填that或which。 7.causes 本题考查名词的“数”。cause作“原因”讲,为可数名词;根据设空处前的all可知 设空处填名词复数形式,故填causes。 8.strengthen 句意:为了避免膝盖疼痛,你可以在柔软的地面上跑步、锻炼以增强你的腿部肌 肉。设空处作目的状语,需用不定式形式,故在不定式符号to后填动词原形strengthen。 9.energetic 设空处

13、作表语,表示主语的特征,故填形容词energetic。 10.it/running 句意:如果你时间不充裕,你只需要花费其他运动一半的时间去跑步便可获得同 样的收益,因此或许我们都应该试一试跑步。设空处作give的宾语,需填名词或代词,因此用it 代替上文中的running或直接填running作宾语。 长难句 原句:While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at,lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimmi

14、ng. 分析:While running regularly cant make you live forever为让步状语从句,后面的句子为主句。 在主句中it is more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming为宾语从句,作 says的宾语。 译文:虽然经常跑步不可能使你长生不老,但报告说与走路、骑自行车或游泳相比,跑步对延长 寿命更有效。 重点词汇 review n. 述评,汇报,报告 reduce ones risk of.降低某人的风险 词汇积累 from all causes由于各种原因 g

15、ive.a try试一试 Passage 3(2018课标全国) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 1 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for mea

16、t is 3 (actual)behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed,chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4 (improve)water quality. Corn uses less water 5 rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥)run-off. This

17、 switch has decreased 6 (pollute)in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 7 (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the govern-

18、 ment 8 (start) a soil-testing program 9 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while 10 (feed) its citizens “offer

19、s useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,”says the banks Juergen Voegele. 答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。自2011年以来,随着中国人的饮食结构的变化,在中国种植 玉米的数量显著增加,而种植水稻的数量下降了。,1.has grown 句意:自2011年以来,中国种植玉米的数量超过了水稻。本题考查时态和主谓一 致。根据句中时间状语Since 2011可知,此处使用现在完成时,且主语为单数,故填has grown。 2.the 句意:在过去的25年里,玉米的产量已经激增了将近

20、125%,而水稻的产量只增长了7%。 本题考查冠词。over the past 25 years在过去的25年里。 3.actually 句意:对于肉类的喜爱实际上是这一变化背后的原因:中国的玉米有很重要的一个 作用就是,用来饲养鸡、猪和牛。本题考查副词。此处需用副词作状语,故用actual的副词形 式actually。 4.to improve 句意:玉米产量增长的另一个原因是:政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻来提高 水质。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。此处“提高水质”为鼓励农民种玉米的目的,故使用动 词不定式作目的状语。 5.than 句意:玉米用水量比水稻少,造成更少的化肥流失。本题考查介词。

21、根据句中的less可 知,此处表示比较,故使用介词than。 6.pollution 句意:这种变化已经减少了中国主要湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水变得更 安全了。本题考查名词。空格处作decreased的宾语,故使用pollute的名词形式pollution。,7.global 句意:根据世界银行的统计,中国占了全球化肥总消耗量的大约30%。本题考查形容 词。空格处作fertilizer consumption的定语,故使用globe的形容词形式global。 8.started 句意:中国农业部发现在2005年和2011年之间,化肥的使用减少了770万吨。2005年 政府启动了土壤检测项

22、目,它向农民推荐特定的化肥。本题考查时态。关系副词when=in 200 5,由此可知此处使用一般过去时。 9.that/which 本题考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词为program,指物,关系词在从句中作主 语,故使用关系代词that或which。 10.feeding 本题考查非谓语动词作状语。名词China和动词feed构成逻辑上的主动关系,故使 用现在分词作时间状语。 长难句 原句:Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice has in- creased only

23、7 percent. 分析:本句中while为并列连词,连接两个并列分句,表示对比,意为 “然而,而”。 译文:在过去的25年里,玉米的产量已经激增了将近125%,而水稻的产量只增长了7%。,Passage 4(2018课标全国) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Im not sure 1 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central

24、African Republic. Unexpectedly, I m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 2 top of her lungs. That makes her ba- by scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 3 (loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower

25、 myself, ducking my head to avoid 4 (look)directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel 5 (challenge). My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a 6 (science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 7 these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my co

26、lleagues and I were worried. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 8 (they)alive. True to go- rillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal 9 (mean)me no real harm. He was just saying:“I m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!”Once his message was delivered,

27、he allowed me10 (stay)and watch.,答案 语篇解读 本文为记叙文。作者讲述了自己和大猩猩的近距离接触。尽管大猩猩表现得很 凶猛,但它们并非是好斗的动物。 1.who 此处表示“我不确定谁更感到害怕”。本题考查宾语从句。“ is more fright- ened”为宾语从句,该从句缺少主语,故填who。 2.the 句意:出乎意料的是,我正与那只大猩猩面对面,它开始声嘶力竭地尖叫。本题考查冠 词。at the top of ones lungs意为“声嘶力竭地”。 3.loudest 句意:它尖叫的声音最大。本题考查副词最高级。根据句意及本句中的“of all”

28、可知设空处填副词最高级,故填loudest。 4.looking 句意:我迅速弯下身,低下头以避免直视它的眼睛以便它不会感到受到了挑战。本 题考查非谓语动词作宾语。动词avoid后须用动名词形式作宾语且look与主语I为逻辑上的主 动关系,故填动名词looking。 5.challenged 本题考查非谓语动词作表语。主语he与challenge(挑战)为逻辑上的被动关系,故 填过去分词形式challenged。,6.scientist 句意:我是研究猿和猴子等动物的科学家。本题考查名词。设空处作表语,说明主 语的身份;根据提示词science可知填scientist。 7.for 句意:我正

29、在搜寻这三只我一直在观察的西部低地大猩猩。本题考查动词短语。search for为动词短语,意为“搜寻”。 8.them 本题考查代词。设空处指代从句中的the gorillas,以避免重复,故填them。 9.meant 句意:大猩猩确实有不好斗的本性,那只巨大的动物并不是真的要伤害我。本题考查 时态。根据上下文可知,本空用一般过去时,故填meant。 10.to stay 句意:一旦它的信息传递了,它就允许我待在那里观察(它们)。本题考查非谓语动 词作宾补。allow后须加不定式作宾补;又因为宾语me与stay为逻辑上的主动关系,故填to stay。,长难句 原句:I quickly lo

30、wer myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged. 分析:ducking.为现在分词短语作lower myself的伴随状语;to avoid looking directly into his eyes为不定式短语作ducking my head的目的状语。 译文:我迅速弯下身,低下头以避免直视它的眼睛以便它不会感到受到了挑战。 重点词汇 scream v.尖叫 unaggressive adj.不好斗的,没有攻击性的 词汇积累 out of now

31、here突然出现 charge toward sb.向某人冲来,Passage 1(2017浙江6月) 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 1 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 2 (shine) ob

32、ject. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long- lost wedding ring. Pahlsson screamed 3 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt 4 (I),” says Pahlsson. Sixteen years 5 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 6 (cook) a meal. When she

33、 wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters then ten, eight, and sixhad picked it up, but the girls said they hadnt. Pahlsson and her hus- band 7 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ri

34、ng again,” she says. She never replaced it. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 8 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 9 it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 10 wonder.,B组 201

35、42017年高考模拟综合题组,答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Lena奇迹般地从自家的菜园里找到了她丢失了 十六年的戒指的故事。 1.carrots 根据a handful of可知,设空处应该用复数形式,表示拔出了一把小胡萝卜,因此用car- rots。 2.shiny/shining 根据上下文可知,此处指“闪光的东西”,所填单词作定语,表示特征,因此用 shiny或shining。 3.so 此处考查so.that.结构,意为“如此以至于”。 4.myself 她认为我伤着我自己了。根据语境可知,此处应该用反身代词。 5.earlier 此处表示“十六年前”,earlier之

36、前。 6.to cook 此处用动词不定式表目的。,7.searched 此处所缺单词是谓语动词,讲述的是过去的事情,因此应该用一般过去时。 8.swept 此处表示“戒指可能被扫到了厨房垃圾里面”。根据语境可知,此处应该用swept。 9.where 此处所缺单词引导定语从句,并且在定语从句中作地点状语,因此用where。 10.a 此处所填单词用来修饰名词wonder,同时表示泛指,因此用不定冠词a。 长难句 原句:Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handf

37、ul of small carrots and was about to throw them away. 分析:这是一个简单句,and连接两个并列谓语,其中while tending.是时间状语从句的省略形 式。 译文:去年十月,在瑞典穆拉,当Lena Pahlsson在照料她的菜园的时候,她拔出了一把小胡萝卜, 打算把它们扔掉。 重点词汇 be about to do sth.正要做某事 词汇积累 turn up 发现 suspect v.怀疑,Passage 2(2017课标全国) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。There has been a rece

38、nt trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 1 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 2 (effect)such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying

39、to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 3 (process)the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 4 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 5 result, people will eat more food t

40、o try to make up for that something missing. Even 6 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 7 (be)full of fat and salt;by 8 (eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to s

41、nack(吃点心)between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9 (care)not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 10 is not good for the health.,答案 语篇解读 本文为说明文。本文介绍了低脂低盐食品对健康可能会造成的负面影响,并对 影响的成因进行了分析。文章认为:脂肪和盐的摄入量要足,并非越少越好。 1.as 考查介词。此处缺少表达“作为”意义的介词,故填

42、as。 2.effects 考查名词复数。这种趋势会有些非预期的副作用,如超重和心脏病。side effect为可 数名词,根据前面的some可知,应用复数形式。 3.to process 考查非谓语动词。根据require sth. to do sth.(要求某物做某事)以及其被动形式 sth. be required to do sth.(某物被要求做某事)可知此处填动词不定式。 4.are removed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:当脂肪和盐分从食物中去除,食物 尝起来就好像缺失了什么东西。结合语境可知,状语从句中用一般现在时态,fat and salt作主 语,谓语动词用复

43、数形式,主语与remove之间为被动关系,故填are removed。 5.a 考查冠词。句意:结果,人们会吃更多的食物来努力弥补所缺的东西。as a result结果;因此。 6.worse 考查副词。句意:更糟糕的是,人们所吃的快餐的量会上升。even worse更糟的是,此 句与上句提到的情况相比较,故用比较级。,7.is 考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知,此处用一般现在时态,主语fast food为不可数名词, 故系动词用is。 8.eating 考查非谓语动词。by在此处为介词,表示方式,故后面接动名词形式作by的宾语。 9.careful 考查形容词。句意:然而,小心不要走极端。设

44、空处在系动词be之后作表语,故填形 容词。 10.which 考查定语从句。设空处指代前面的主句,引导非限制性定语从句,故填which。 长难句 原句:This trend, which was started by the medical community as a method of fighting heart dis- ease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to figh

45、t. 分析:句子主干为This trend has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease。which为关系代词,指代先行词trend。the medical community was trying to fight为省略 关系词的定语从句,修饰先行词thing。 译文:这种作为一种对抗心脏病的方法而被医学界发起的趋势已经有了一些非预期的副作用, 如超重和心脏病这正是医学界正在努力对抗的事情。 重点词汇 trend n.趋势 unintended adj.非预期的,无意的 function n

46、.功能,Passage 3(2017课标全国) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just un- der seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 2 work. It took three years to c

47、omplete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 3 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 4 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. Steam engines 5 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 6 (fair) unpleasant for t

48、he passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 7 every day. Later, engineers 8 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube. This develo

49、pment was only possible with the 9 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 10 (suc- cess)of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red car- riages, and proved extremely popular with the public.,答案 语篇解

50、读 本文为说明文,介绍了世界上第一条地铁伦敦地铁的起源以及它逐步成为 大众所喜爱的交通方式的发展历程。 1.crowds 本题考查名词。avoid“避免”后可跟名词或动名词作宾语。因为此空前有形容 词terrible修饰,故排除动名词形式;crowd作“人群”解时,为可数名词,且前面无冠词限制,故需 用复数形式,在词尾直接加-s即可。 2.from 本题考查介词。由语境可知此处指“上下班(to and from work)”,为固定表达法。根 据文中所给的travelled to and.可推断出空格内应填入介词from。 3.laying 本题考查动名词作宾语。由上文中的included digging 和下文的and then building可 知,此处用动名词作included的宾语。 4.the 本题考查冠词。此处是说地铁开挖、铺轨完成后,要进行最后的筑顶。此处表示特指, 因此应用定冠词the。 5.were used 本题考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处是说“当初使用蒸汽机牵引地铁 车厢”,因此主语Steam engines和use之间为被动关系,且由上文可知叙述的是过去发生的事, 故需用一般过去时的被动语态;又因主语是名词的复数形式,故be动词需用were。,

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