1、汉英词语的语义对应关系,汉英两种语言的词汇语义对应关系可以概括为以下四种： 1. 语义对等 equivalence 2. 包孕 Inclusion 3. 交叉Intersection 4. 空缺 Zero,语义对等,蔬菜 历史遗产 法人实体 大气污染 温室效应 狐狸,vegetable Historical heritage Legal entity Air pollution Greenhouse effect fox,2. Inclusion 包孕关系,Polysemy exists both in Chinese and English. An English word can be b
2、roader in meaning than its supposed counterpart in Chinese, or vice versa. For example:,风 wind,自然风，室外风 室内风 不要做在风口上，不然你要感冒的。,Wind Draught Dont sit in a draught or youll catch cold.,酒 wine,白酒 葡萄酒 啤酒 米酒,Spirits (liquor) Wine Beer Rice wine,学者 scholar,博学的人 人文科学方面的专家 奖学金获得者 学生 访问学者,ScholarVisiting schola
3、r （学者；求学的学生）,美丽 beauty,美丽 美人 美丽的人们 美景 使人美丽的人、事物或活动,BeautyBeauty contest Beauty shop Beauty editor,3. Intersection交叉,An English word overlaps its supposed Chinese counterpart in meaning.For example:,治国 治家 治沙 治愈战争的创伤,To administer a country To manage a household Sand-control To heal the wounds of the
4、war,Translation Exercises,请将以下短语、句子翻译成英语。,发货 发传单 发言 发光发热 发电,参考译文,Deliver goods Distribute leaflets Speak at a meeting Emit light and heat Generate electricity,两位领导人就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。 党员应该虚心倾听群众的意见。 他们对这项计划提出了修改意见。 大家对你很有意见。 他们就推举谁做下届总统候选人取得了一致意见。,参考译文,1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral
5、 relations and issues of common concern. 2. A party member should listen carefully to the opinions of the masses. 3. They made some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. People have a lot of complaints about you. 5. They have reached unanimity on who will be the presidential candidate for the
6、 next general election.,1、黑死病是一种夺取过千百万人生命的疾病。 2、太多的蒜破坏了肉的味道。 3、他给树浇了太多的水，把树浇死了。 4、他天天在那边的公园里消磨时间。 5、那次错误毁掉了他的机会。 6、他的笑话真是笑死人。 7、引人注目的决赛征服了观众。,The Black Death was a disease that killed millions. Too much garlic killed the taste of the meat. He killed the tree by spraying it heavily. He kills time eve
7、ry day down at the park. That mistake killed his chances. His joke nearly killed me. The outstanding final killed the audience.,4. Zero 空缺,Due to different life experiences, ways of thinking as well as different languages and cultures, there exists semantic gap in cross-culture communication, which
8、poses a big challenge for translators.,三八红旗手 March 8 red flaggers (an honorific title for women who have made extraordinary achievements and outstanding contributions on the various fronts of socialist construction),下海 Risk ones fortune in the world of business 底子薄 Low economic starting level,钱先生周岁时“抓周”，抓了一本书，因此得名“钟书”。 When Qian was just one year old, he was told by his parents to choose one thing among many others, he picked up a book of all things. Thereupon, his father gave him the name: Zhongshu (= book lover).,
