1、引用或转述别人的话时，有两种说法：一字不 改的将别人的话加以引用和复述，叫作直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。 一般来说，直接引语放在引号内；间接引语不用引号，用宾语从句来表达。 He said, “I am a doctor.”(直接引语) He said that he was a doctor.(间接引语) She said , “I like English very much.” (直接引语) She said that she liked English very much. (间接引语),1 直接引语变为间接引语时，须由宾语从 句引导，但从句中需要注意下列各种变化：
2、1） 人称的变化。如： He said, “You are right.” -He said that I was right. 2) 时态的变化。如: The teacher told his students, “I have been away from home for over ten years.” - The teacher told his students that she had been away from home for over ten years. 3) 指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化 She said , “I visited Europe last yea
3、r.” -She said that she had visited Europe the year before last.,人称的变化：1.She said , “That I will come this morning.”-She said that she would go that morning .2.He said , “ I will do it after class.”-He said that he would do it after class.4.He said , “ I had finished my homework before supper.”-He sa
4、id that he had finished his homework before supper.,Direct Speech Indirect SpeechI like singing She said she liked singingI am waiting for a bus. She said that she was waiting for a busShe visited Xian last year. She said she had visited Xian the year before last.I have never met an She said she had
5、 never met an American. American. I will see you next week. She said that she would see me , the next week.,直接引语与间接引语的时态,时态的变化： 1. He said , “I am not your friend .” He said that he was not my friend . 2. He said , “ I am using the knife.” He said that he was using the knife. 3. She said , “I have l
6、ived in Beijing since 1950.” She said that she had lived in Beijing since 1950. 4. She said , “Your younger brother broke it.” She said that my younger brother had broken it.,.,5.He said , “ I will do it after class.”He said that he would do it after class.6.He said , “ I had finished my homework be
7、fore supper.”7.He said that he had finished his homework before supper.,指示代词、时间与地点状语的变化指示代词 this that these those 表示时间 now then 的词 today that day yesterday the day before tomorrow the next day next week /month/year the next week/month/year表示地点的词 here there,Exercises:1. He said , “I am not your frien
8、d .” 2.She said “ I will come this morning.”3.She said , “I went there yesterday.”4. “we wont be free tonight,”the students said.5.“I am expecting a letter from my mother,” Betty said.6. He said , “My sister was here three days ago.”,Exercises:1.He said , “I am not your friend .” - He said( that) he
9、 was not my friend.2.She said “ I will come this morning.”-She said( that) she would go that morning 3.She said , “I went there yesterday.”-She said (that) she had gone there the day before .,.4. “we wont be free tonight,”the students said.-The students said that they wouldnt be free that night.5.“I
10、 am expecting a letter from my mother,” Betty said. -Betty said that she was expecting a letter from her mother.6. He said , “My sister was here three days ago.” -He said that his sister had been there three days before.,注：1 如果主句中的谓语动词是现在或将来时态，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变； “ She is a good student.” -The teach
11、er says that she is a good student - -The teacher will say that she is a good student. 2 如果间接引语中表示的是客观真理或客观存在，则时态也不变化。 The teacher said , “The moon moves round the earth.”-The teacher said that the moon moves round the earth.,直接引语变间接引语时，应注意掌握以下规律： 1）陈述句由that 引导（that 常可省略） Mother said to Mary: “You c
12、an watch TV when you finish your homework.” - Mother told Mary (that)she could watch TV when she finished her homework. She said to me , “I like English very much.” - She said to me (that) she liked English very much.,2) 一般疑问句变为间接引语时,须由从属连词whether/if引导， whether/if之前多用ask等动词。词序也一律变为陈述的语序。例如: He asked
13、 me, “Do you know John?” - He asked me whether I knew John. The teacher asked me , “Do you like English?” -The teacher asked me if I liked English.,3) 特殊疑问句变为间接引语时，疑问词 变为连接词，引导间接引语，词序也变 为陈述语序。例如： He said, “Where have you been?” - He asked me where I had been. “How many pages have you read today?” Jo
14、hn asked me. -John asked me how many pages I had read that day. Betty asked , “When are you going to meet Joe?” -Betty asked when I was going to meet Joe.,Exercises:1.Mike asked me , “When will their plan land?” -Mike asked me when their plan would land.2.He asked : “Where has Li Ming gone?”-He asked where Li Ming had gone.3.Sara asked, “Will you come to the lecture this afternoon?”-Sara asked if I would go to the lecture that afternoon.4.The teacher asked , “Did you watch Tv yesterday?” -The teacher asked if I had watched Tv the day before.,
