1、Chapter Seven federal presidency of USA,. election of the presidency. powers of the presidency. executive agencies,. election of the presidency,1. requirements for holding office 2. primary election or caucus 3. presidential nominating conventions 4. political campaign 5. election 6. voting of the e
2、lectors7. counting of the ballots 8. inauguration ceremony9. term of the president 10 line of succession to the presidency,“No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States, at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President; neit
3、her shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty five years, and been fourteen Years a resident within the United States.” -section 1 article 2,Permit me to hint, whether it would be wise and seasonable to provide a strong check to the admission of For
4、eigners into the administration of our national Government; and to declare expressly that the Commander in Chief of the American army shall not be given to nor devolve on, any but a natural born Citizen. - a July 25, 1787, letter from John Jay to George Washington,“All persons born (citizen by birth
5、) or naturalized (citizen by choice) in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.” -the Fourteenth Amendment (1868),Citizen by birth (including birth to Americans overseas, or birth on U.S. soil, territories, o
6、r military bases overseas) natural born citizen,Only voters registered with a party may vote in that partys primary. -closed primary,Voters unaffiliated with a party (independents) may choose a party primary in which to vote. -semi-closed primary,any voter may vote in any partys primary. -open prima
7、ry,Voters could vote for one candidate in multiple primaries. -blanket primary “The practice of blanket primary violated the freedom of assembly guaranteed by the First Amendment.” - the 2000 case of California Democratic Party v. Jones,“Proposition 198 forces political parties to associate with - t
8、o have their nominees, and hence their positions, determined by - those who, at best, have refused to affiliate with the party, and, at worst, have expressly affiliated with a rival”Proposition 198 takes away a partys basic function to choose its own leaders and is functionally both severe and unnec
9、essary.,The results of the election legally bind some or all of the delegates to vote for a particular candidate at the national convention. -binding election/ pledged delegates Super delegates (PLEOs),The first binding event is traditionally the Iowa caucus, held in January of the presidential elec
10、tion year. It is followed by the New Hampshire primary two weeks later, by tradition and state law always the first primary.,January 14Iowa Caucus; January 19Nevada Caucus; January 22New Hampshire Primary; January 29South Carolina Primary The people of Iowa pick corn, the people of New Hampshire pic
11、k presidents. -then-Governor John H. Sununu in 1988,Iowa and New Hampshire set the tone for the campaignand allow an outsider to topple the favorite.Harry S. Truman ended his re-election bid in 1952 after losing the New Hampshire primary. Lyndon Baines Johnson dropped his 1968 reelection bid after p
12、erforming far below expectations in the New Hampshire primary. Jimmy Carter, the little-known governor of Georgia, took a surprise win in 1976 and rode it to the presidency.,Super Tuesday, in general, refers to the Tuesday in February or March of a presidential election year when the greatest number
13、 of states hold primary elections to select delegates to national conventionsFebruary 5, 2008 Super Tuesday: Primaries/caucuses for both parties in 19 states, plus three Democratic-only caucuses and two Republican-only primariesSuper Tuesday 2012 is March 6,The formal purpose of a national Party con
14、vention (nomination convention) is to select (two thirds majority) the partys nominee for President (acceptance address), as well as to adopt a statement of party principles and goals known as the platform (keynote address).,The select presidential nominee then appoints a running mate who will be ru
15、bber-stamped by the convention, and the chairman of the national committee.The national party committee allocates the number of delegates to each state on the basis of populations and the supporting rates, and decides upon when and where to hold the national convention. (time-and-place committee),20
16、08 Democratic National Convention: held in Denver, Colorado, from August 25 to August 28. 2008 Republican National Convention: held in Saint Paul, Minnesota, from September 1, through September 4.,Barack Obama; John McCain,April 1821, 2012: 2012 Constitution Party National Convention held in Nashvil
17、le, Tennessee; Virgil Goode won the nomination. May 36, 2012: 2012 Libertarian National Convention held in Las Vegas, Nevada; Gary Johnson won the nomination. July 1315, 2012: Green National Convention held in Baltimore, Maryland; Jill Stein won the nomination.August 2730, 2012: Republican National
18、Convention held in Tampa, Florida; Mitt Romney won the nomination. September 36, 2012: Democratic National Convention held in Charlotte, North Carolina; Barack Obama won the nomination.,Barack Obama; Mitt Romney,The presidential campaign formally begins on the first Monday of September (American Lab
19、or Day 劳工节September 1, 2008; September 3, 2012), and lasts until the eve of the election.,paid TV ads appearance in TV prime time news Speeches (speech is the mother of freedom) meetings with future voters (“retail politics”) establishments of election websites personal attacks (negative campaign)th
20、e three rounds of public debates,A younger, more telegenic John F. Kennedy outshined Richard Nixon in the first televised presidential debate in 1960.,George H. W. Bush glanced at his watch during a 1992 debate - a move that made Bush, whose re-election hopes were rapidly slipping away, seem uninter
21、ested in the concerns of the public.,After a presidential debate in 2000, cameras caught a visibly annoyed Al Gore (L) sighing and shaking his head when George W. Bush spoke.,John McCain sparked controversy when he referred to Obama as that one during the second 2008 presidential debate. Obama later
22、 joked that his first name was Swahili for that one, according to the New York Times.,“Limitations on donations to candidates were constitutional (because of the compelling state interest in preventing corruption or the appearance of corruption), but limitations on the amount campaigns could spend (
23、spending limits) were an unconstitutional abridgment of free speech under the First Amendment.” - Buckley v. Valeo case of 1976,“First Amendment protects associations of individuals in addition to individual speakers, . Corporations, as associations of individuals, therefore have speech rights under
24、 the First Amendment. Because spending money is essential to disseminating speech, as established in Buckley v. Valeo, limiting a corporations ability to spend money is unconstitutional because it limits the ability of its members to associate effectively and to speak on political issues.” -Citizens
25、 United v. Federal Election Commission of 2010,After Bush was elected president in 2000, Rumsfeld was appointed the secretary of defense, and Zhao Xiaolan (Elaine Chao) the secretary of labor. Some others were appointed the ambassadors to beautiful countries such as France. Some were invited to have
26、 dinner together with the president in David Camp or his ranch in Crawford, Texas. Some became his close friends.,The election happens on the Tuesday following the first Monday of November (Nov.4, 2008; Nov 6, 2012) every leap year (divisible by four).,Tuesday was chosen to allow voters one day to t
27、ravel to their polling place, as most residents at the time could not travel on Sunday because of church.The first Tuesday after the first Monday in November was chosen to keep the election day from falling on November 1, All Saints Day, a Holy Day of Obligation for Roman Catholics.The month of Nove
28、mber was chosen because it was after the crops were harvested.,The presidential election is nominally indirect but actually direct.past: peoplelegislatureelectorspresidentNow: peopleelectors (binding)president,“Each state shall appoint (now the electors are elected by popular vote of the state), in
29、such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress.” -section 1 article 2,“The District constituting the seat of government of the United States shall appoint in such ma
30、nner as the Congress may direct: A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a state, but in no event more than the least populous state.” -amendment 23 (1961),when one c
31、andidate wins the plurality of a states electors, he has the right to claim all the states electors. -“winner-take-all”(except in Nebraska and Maine),It aims to boost the opportunities of election success, and secure the control of the American politics by the two major parties.,It may also bring th
32、e possibility that one candidate wins the majority of popular votes but loses the electoral votes, and vice versa.,Electoral College,Electoral votes by state/federal district for the elections of 2012, 2016 and 2020, with apportionment changes between the 2000 and 2010 Censuses,Presidential election
33、 results map 2012,Some words: safe Obama state; Obama-leaning state; swing state, tossup state, battleground state, purple state.The period of time after the Election Day is called honeymoon period for the President-elect (incoming president), while for the incumbent president (outgoing president) i
34、t is called lame duck period.,The Presidential Electors meet in their respective state capitols on the first Monday after the second Wednesday, December, 41 (December 15, 2008; December 17, 2012) days following the election, when they cast their electoral votes.,Then the ballots, placed in special m
35、ahogany boxes, are sent to president of the Senate to await a joint session of the new Congress where they are opened and counted.,“ the terms of Senators and Representatives (shall end) at noon on the 3d day of January, ; and the terms of their successors shall then begin.” -Amendment XX(1933),At o
36、ne oclock pm of January 6 the boxes are opened, and the ballots counted in the house.,“the person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed;” -Amendment XII (1804),“and if no person have such majo
37、rity, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three (according to the constitution, five) on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President.” -Amendment XII (1804),“But in choosing the President, the vo
38、tes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote;” - Amendment XII (1804),“And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President, , before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or
39、 other constitutional disability of the President.” - Amendment XII (1804),“The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of their successors shall then begin.” -Amendment XX(1933),The ceremony is held on the steps of the western door of th
40、e Capitol, supervised and hosted by the chief justice.,I do solemnly swear (or affirm Herbert Hoover and Richard Nixon) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.
41、 (35 words) -section 1 article 2,Chief Justice John Roberts re-administers the oath of office to Barack Obama at the White House on January 21, 2009.,Crowds watch the inauguration at the National Mall. The Washington Monument, and the Lincoln Memorial behind it, are in the background.,President Bara
42、ck Obama takes the oath of office from U.S. Chief Justice John Roberts reading from a white note card, as first lady Michelle Obama holds the Bible of her grandmother and daughters Malia, 14, and Sasha, 11, look on in the Blue Room of the White House on Sunday, January 20, 2013. Both Obama and Vice
43、President Joe Biden were officially sworn in Sunday, with a public ceremony on Monday.,Obama is sworn in by Chief Justice John Roberts as first lady Michelle Obama and daughters Malia and Sasha watch on Monday, January 21, 2013.,Michelle Obama holds the Lincoln Bible and MLK Bible as her husband tak
44、es the oath of office on January 21, 2013.,Vice President Joe Biden kisses Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor after she administered the oath of office at the Naval Observatory on Sunday, Jan 20, 2013.,Inaugural Ball,Inaugural Parade,Lyndon B. Johnson takes the oath of office on November 22, 1963
45、, after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Kennedys widow, Jacqueline, stands at Johnsons side. U.S. District Judge Sarah T. Hughes swore in Johnson on Air Force One.,Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes Sr. administers the oath of office to Franklin D. Roosevelt for his second term on Ja
46、nuary 20, 1937. This marked the first January event; before this, inaugurations were traditionally held in March.,Franklin D. Roosevelt delivers his fourth and final inauguration speech on January 20, 1945. He was the last president allowed to hold more than two terms.,Calvin Coolidge is given the o
47、ath of office by his father, Col. John Coolidge, in Plymouth, Vermont, on August 3, 1923, after the death of President Warren G. Harding.,Rutherford B. Hayes takes the oath of office from Chief Justice Morrison R. Waite on the east portico of the U.S. Capitol on March 5, 1877.,Andrew Johnson takes the oath of office from Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase in Washington on April 15, 1865, after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.,Zachary Taylor is sworn in on March 5, 1849.,
