1、The Direct Object and Indirect Object,Unit 4 Grammar,Objectives,1. 明确宾语的概念；2. 分清直接宾语与间接宾语；3. 明确能作宾语的成分。,Have A L k,Many ancient civilisations saw the value of bringing back plants from distant lands.Just before he died, he sent some Tree of Heaven seeds to England.He and his team collected examples
2、whenever they went onto dry land.,All the plants survived the six-month journey.He sent the seeds back to France in 1897 but only one seed grew.Wilson and other plant collectors introduced many new plants to Western gardens.,We call the red words The Objects.,宾语是及物动词后的一个成分，表示动作的对象、承受者或结果。,The object
3、 (宾语),Are you giving up _ (smoke)?,You probably cant resist the _ (tempt) of a cigarette.,smoking,temptation,We should help _ (poor).,the poor, How many brothers do you have? I have _.,four,I want _ and frighten _.,to make a face,you,Are you nervous? Do you mind _ (taste) a spider?,tasting,You are s
4、o busy! I wonder how you canmanage _ (phone) two at the same time.,to phone,taking care of,I love plants and I love _ (take care of) plants.,I think _ it is the smallest baby in the world.,that,What a sea of people! I cant find _you are.,where,How unbelievable! I wonder _ they live together in peace
5、.,why,I wonder _ invited you here.,who,noun noun phrase verb numeral adjectiveclause,conjunction gerund pronoun infinitive the + adjective,What can be used as object?,Position of the object,1. One object,The object is mainly put behind the verb. subject predicate object is the usual order, but somet
6、imes it has a free position. For example:, The object can be put in the beginning of a sentence to emphasize it. e.g. What dull, old-fashioned leather shoes hes wearing! Talent, Mike has; patience, he has not., The object is preposed for a better combination.e.g. His carelessness had led him into gr
7、eat error. That error he determined to correct. Jack fried two small pieces of fish. One he fed to his cat, the other he ate himself., The object has two different positions behind verb phrases.e.g. He tried out the machine. / He tried the machine out. Ill put on the radio in a minute. / Ill put the
8、 radio on in a minute., If the noun phrase is a little bit long, the first position is often used.e.g. She tried on half a dozen pairs of shoes before she found a suitable one. If the object is a pronoun, the second order must be used.eg: The bed is too strong, and you cant break it up.,2. Two objec
9、ts,通常为 “间接宾语 + 直接宾语” He doesnt own me anything. She asked me whether I had been there before. I warned you he would be late. Give me it. / Give it to me. They told us where to shop cheaply.,间接宾语后移, 间接宾语用to或for引出:They give it to John.He sold his old car to one of his neighbours.I have bought some cho
10、colate for you.Give the dictionary to me, please.,用to侧重指动作的方向, 表示朝着, 向着, 对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者, 表示为了某人, 替某人。常跟双宾语的动词分类总结：,需借助to的: bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, read, return, send, show, teach, tell, ask, leave, mail, throw, take, write等。需借助for的: build, buy, call, change, cook, cho
11、ose, do, draw, envy, fetch, find, forgive, gain, get, make, order, play (演奏), sing, save, spare, win等。,e.g. 1 Our teacher explains to us the difficult points in the unit. 2 We disclosed to them the secret of our invention. 3 They expressed to their teacher their conviction that the experiment was tr
12、ue. 4 The guide is describing the scenic spots to the tourists.,e.g. He played me a trick. He played a trick on me. Wont you play some folk songs for us?,Some verbs have to be used as set phraseswhen followed by two objects.,有时为了形成对照或是为了突出重点, “介词+间接宾语”也可移到主语的前面去：To his daughter he sent a cheque of $
13、50 but to his son he sent only a cheap pen.,如果 “介词+间接宾语”比直接宾语短, 也可以直接放在谓语动词后：He give to his friends much of the time he should have given to his wife and children.,一些句子中, “间接宾语+直接宾语”不能变为“直接宾语+介词+间接宾语”： He give the door a hard kick.I never give the matter a thought.She give him a warm smile.This hero
14、ic deed cost him his life.,Fill in the blanks using “to” or “for”.1) Fifty dollars was advanced _ him on his salary before the work was done.2) You should never serve beef _ a Hindu.,to,to,3) Youd better do your best but prepare yourself _ the worst.4) Ill send a postcard _ you while I am away on ho
15、liday.5) You come up to the City Hall tonight and Ill fix things _ you.,for,for,to,1. Can you explain _? A. this problem to me B. me this problem C. to me problem D. me problem,Multiple choice,2. He made a new dress _ his wife and gave it _ her on her birthday. A. to; for B. for; to C. for; for D. t
16、o; to,3. Mr. Smith apologized _ the lady _ what her son had done. A. to; to B. to; for C. for; to D. for; for4. Read the letter and _ him. A. pass it on to B. pass on it to C. pass it for D. pass it on,5. The little boy wanted to have a book at his birthday present, but the cruel stepmother _ him hi
17、s request. A. refused B. answered C. gave D. promised,Review,复习宾语：1. 宾语的定义；2. 可以用作宾语的有名词、代词、数 词、名词化的形容词、动词不定 式、-ing形式、复合结构和从句。,Individual activity,1. Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales please? (2009全 国) A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever2. At first he hated the new job but dec
18、ided to give himself a few months to see _ it got any better.(2009北京) A. when B. how C. why D. if,Quiz I: Multiple choice,3. I still remember _ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. (2009陕西) A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken 4. As a new diplomat, he often thinks of _ he can reac
19、t more appropriately on such occasions. (2009上海) A. what B. which C. that D. how,5. We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. (2010全国I) A. that B. which C. what D. where6. We should respect food and think about the people who dont have _ we have here and treat food nicely. (
20、2010福建) A. that B. which C. what D. whether,Quiz II: 用括号内所给动词的适当形式完 成下列句子。,1. The new college graduate insisted on _ (send) where he was most needed. 2. The parents suggested _ (sleep) in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.,being sent,sleeping,3. After reading the
21、 text, well go on _ (do) the exercises.4. I cant stand _ (work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses to stop talking while she works.5. Isnt it time you got down to _ (mark) the papers?,to do,working,marking,6. If you think that treating a woman well means always _ (get) her permission for
22、 things, think again. 7. Victor apologized for not _ (inform) me of the change in the plan. 8. I dont want _ (sound) like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair.,to sound,getting,informing,Quiz III: Translation,3. 老师给他们每人一块橡皮。,The teacher gives each of them an eraser.,They sent the injured to hospital.,2. 他们把伤员送到医院。,She didnt say anything.,1. 她什么也没说。,They asked to see my passport.,4. 他们要求看我的护照。,I enjoy working with you.,5. 我和你们一道工作很愉快。,Did you write down what he said?,6. 你把他的话写下了没有？,Homework,Finish the Exercises 1-2 on Page 77 in your Workbooks.,Thank you!,
