1、情态动词表示说话人的某种感情或语气，对某一动作或状态的某种态度。表示“需要、可以、必须、应当”等。,什么是情态动词？ (Modal Verbs),“情态动词have done”重点讲解,一、情态动词虚拟语气的用法在虚拟条件句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时，而主句中则用“情态动词现在完成时”，即 would/ could/ should/ might have done,如果他学习努力， 他就会通过高考了。,If he had worked hard, he would have passed the Collage Entrance Examination.,A. coul
2、d have stay B. could stayC. would stay D. must have stay,- I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. (NMET98),答案 A,本句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句，意思是：If you had stay at a hotel while in New York, you could have stayed with Barbara. 表达了与过去事实相反的情况。,考点聚焦,A. had said B. said C. might say D
3、. might have said,2. Yesterday Jane walked away for discussion, otherwise, she _ something she would regret later. ( 96上海),答案D 本句考查的也是含蓄虚拟语气，意思是：如果她参加了讨论，她可能会说出一些后来令她后悔的话。表达了与过去事实相反的情况。,考点聚焦,1、should/ ought to have done表示“本来应该做的，而实际上没有做的事情”，其否定形式则表示“已经做了不该做的事情”，含有责备的意思。例如：,The flowers have died. I s
4、hould have watered them often.这些花儿都死了。我本来应该常给他们浇水的。（其实没浇水）,You ought not to have told them the truth.你本不应该告诉他们真相的。（其实你告诉他们了）,1. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _ come, but why didnt you? （99 上海）A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have,本句的意思是：昨天的聚会很有意思，你本来应该来的，可你为什么没来？表示“本
5、应该做，而实际上没有做的事情”应该用should/ ought to have done。答案D。,考点聚焦,2. Oh, I am not feeling well in the stomach, I _ so much fried chicken just now. (2002 上海春)A.shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat,本句的意思是：我胃不舒服，我刚才不应该吃那么多油炸鸡。其实你吃了所以应该选C。,考点聚焦,3. I was really anxious about you. Y
6、ou _ home without a word. (NMET 2001)A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave,本句表达的意思是：你不应该一句话没说就离开家。含有责备的意思，做了不应该做的事情，答案选B。,考点聚焦,4. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. shou
7、ld be arriving（04广西卷）,本句表达的意思是：怀特先生应该八点半就到会了，但是他没有出现。应该出现而没有出现，答案选A。,考点聚焦,2、neednt have done表示“做了本来不必做的事情”，例如：,Its only five minutes walk. We neednt have taken a taxi.只有5分钟的步行路程，我们本不必乘出租车的。,It is warm today. You neednt have worn your coat.今天天气暖和，你本来不必穿大衣的。,3、 “need+have+done”,表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“neednt+h
8、ave+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。I neednt have bought so much wineonly five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldnt have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。,1.He is not poor. You _ have lent him the money.A. cant B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt,
9、巩固练习,该句的意思是：他不穷，你本不必借给他钱。答案选B. 。,2.There was plenty of time. You _ have hurried.A. wont B. mustnt C. neednt D. couldnt,巩固练习,该句的意思是：时间充裕着呢，你不必慌忙。答案选C。,- Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.- Thanks. you _ it. I could manage it myself. ( 05福建 31题) A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D
10、. shouldnt have done,考点聚焦,该句的意思是：凯萨琳,我已经帮你打扫屋子了，其实你没有必要做的，我自己能处理的。,4、can/ could have done表示“本来能够做而实际 上没有做的事情”。例如： You could have come here a little earlier. 你本来可以早点来到这儿的。,She could have earned a lot of money.她本来可以挣一大笔钱的。,1.I _ here in time, but I met an old friend of mine. I stopped and talked with
11、him for some time.A. shouldnt have come B. must have comeC. neednt have come D. could have come,巩固练习,这句话的意思是：我本来可以按时来这儿的，但是遇到一位老朋友，说了会话，所以没能及时来这儿。答案选D。,2.They _ have finished the work yesterday, but it was raining hard. A. must B. could C. should D. might,巩固练习,该句的意思是：他们本来可以做天完成工作的，但是昨天雨下的太大，所以没能完成。答
12、案选B,5.would like/love to have done过去愿意做但未做成I would love to have gone to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.昨晚我本来很想去参加聚会的，但我得加班完成一个报告。,6、 “would+have+done”,虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。1. I would have told you all about the boys story, but you didnt ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小
13、男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。2. Without your help, I wouldnt have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。,7. had better (not) have done 当时最好（没）做了某事You had better not have scolded her.7.would rather (not) have done宁愿当时（没）做了某事I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather have not done that.,二、情态动词表推测的用法
14、1.must have done 表示对过去已经发生过的情况的肯定推测判断，语气较强， 意思是 “一定、肯定”该结构只用于肯定句，否定式为：cant /couldnt/+have done,昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因为今早地面是潮湿的。,It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.,注意：在表示推测的句 子中，用cancould和cant,couldnt+have done的形式往往用于疑问句和否定句，表示相信或怀疑的态度 。例如：,他不可能去国外，我一个小时前还见到他呢。,He cant have gon
15、e abroad; I saw him an hour ago.,He cant have gone abroad; I saw him an hour ago.他不可能去国外，我一个小时前还见到他呢。 - Can he have passed the exam?- No, he cant have. He didnt work hard. 他通过考试了吗？不，他不可能通过考试。他学习不努力。,A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been,1. I didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep.
16、(NMET 89),答案B关键词是didnt，说明动作发生在过去，所以是对已经发生过的情况的推测判断。,考点聚焦,A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been,2. - I rang your home yesterday. A man answered but I didnt recognize the voice. - On, it _ my brother, Peter.,答案B 本句的意思是：我昨天向你家里打的电话。这是对过去情况的推测判断，应该用must have done结构,考点聚焦,3. My sis
17、ter met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday, so he _ your lecture. (2002 上海) A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended,根据句意“我妹妹昨天在大剧院见过他”，所以，一定是对过去已经发生的否定的判断，答案选A。,考点聚焦,4. I didnt see her in the meeting-room this morning. She _ at the meeting.
18、(1995 上海) A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spoken C. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken,本句表达的是过去已发生情况否定的推测判断，应该用couldnt have done，故答案选D。,考点聚焦,5. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who _ have taken it? (2003 上海春招)A. should B. must C. could D. would,本句表达的是对过去发生过的情况的疑问，所以应该用cou
19、ld have done，答案选C。,考点聚焦,6.- There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. - It _ a comfortable journey. （MET95） A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been,根据They were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.一句中的时态，应
20、该是对过去情况的推测判断，因为车上已经有5位人了，在带上我一个，可以断定这一定是一次不舒适的旅行。所以，本句表达的是对过去否定的推测判断，应该用cant/ could have done来表达。故答案选D。,考点聚焦,2、 “may+have+done”,表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 What has happened to George?I dont know. He may have got lost.乔治发生了什么事？我不知道，他可能迷路了。,她没能及时到达那儿。她可能没赶上汽车。,She didnt get there in time. S
21、he may have missed the bus.,他今天没来上课，他可能病了。,He didnt come to school today. He might have been ill.,A. might B. should C. can D. will,1. Sorry, Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.( 2000春),2. The window was broken. Tom _ have done that, for he was a little naughty
22、. A. could B. might C. should D. ought to,考点聚焦,3、 “might+have+done”,表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。 1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (MET90) 他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大
23、的成绩。,五、含有must/ may/ might表示对过去情况推测判断的句子，如果变成反意疑问句，若句中带有明显的过去时间的状语，问句部分用过去时间；若没有明显的过去时间的状语，问句部分用现在完成时形式。例如：,He must have been living here for years, hasnt he?他一定是在这儿住了好几年了，是吗？,You cant have slept well last night, did you?你昨天晚上没睡好，是不是？,mustnt B. havent C. cant D. didnt,1: Great changes must have taken
24、 place in the village in the past few years, _ they?,巩固练习,含有must表示推测判断的句子，其反意疑问句的动词形式应与must后动词时态保持一致。可以理解成如果不表示推测判断，该句应该说成：Great changes have taken place in the village in the past few year. 变成反意疑问句后应该说成：Great changes have take place in the past few years, havent they? 所以，该题选B。,A. didnt B. hasntC. mustnt D. cant,2. He must have lived a happy life a few years ago, _ he?,巩固练习,本句中must后的动词形式应为did，所以，反意疑问句的动词应为didnt。故答案选A。,He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. (05 山东)A. could B. would C. must D. need,本句表达的意思是：他买了个位置，其实他可以免费进入的。,考点聚焦,Thank you!,
