1、第四学时Grammar,Computers,现在完成时的被动语态1结构：have/has been done2用法：(1)表示到现在为止已经完成的某个被动的动作。表示动作已在说话之前发生，但对现在造成影响。它属于现在时态范围，句中不能有具体的过去时间状语，但可以和表示不确定的时间状语连用。(2)表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去的某个被动的动作。往往和表示一段时间的状语(如for，since等)或者so far，now，today，this week (month，year)等表示包括现在时间在内的状语连用，或用于How long.？句型中。,3注意：(1)副词的位置often，u
2、sually，always，never，hardly，seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。如：误 Such a man has been hardly believed.正 Such a man has hardly been believed.这样的人不可信。(2)并不是所有动词都有被动语态。happen，take place，break out，belong to，cost，last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：误 Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978,正 Great changes have
3、taken place in China since 1978.自从1978年以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。当open，break，drop等不强调动作发出者时，常用主动语态。如：误 The door has been opened of itself.正 The door has opened of itself.门是自动开的。(3)短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：The SARS patients have been taken good care of.非典病人得到了很好的照顾。, 典例剖析 You dont need to describe her.I _ her sever
4、al times.Ahad metBhave metCmet Dmeet解析：首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我见过她几次了，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。答案：B,All the preparations for the task _，and were ready to start.AcompletedBcompleteChad been completedDhave been completed解析：现在完成时表示过去做的事对现在的影响。从and were ready to start句意可知，一切准备工作已经就绪，可以开始工作了。com
5、plete是及物动词，与句子的主语是被动关系，所以需要用被动语态表达。注意：分清complete与主语之间的关系；结合语境选择正确时态。答案：D,一、单项选择 1.2012年辽宁卷）I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I to Shanghai. A.will be flying B.will fly C.have been flying D.have flown,解析：本题的关键词是at this time tomorrow morning,这是将来某个特定的时间，因此排除C、D两项。will fly表达将来的打算，而不能表达将来
6、某个特定时间正在发生的事情。句意：我太兴奋了！明天上午这个时间我正飞往上海。解决时态题时我们首先要分析出时间点，这一点很重要。只有从时间点上分析我们的选择才更有依据。答案：A,2I want to buy this kind of cloth because I _the cloth _well. ( ) Ahave told; washed Bhave been told; washes Chave been told; washed Dwas told; washed,B,3Once a programme _ put into a computer，it_ accordingly. (
7、)Ais；acts Bis being；is actingChas been；will act Dwill be；acts4Great changes _ in our province. Many tall buildings_. ( )Ahad been taken place；have been set upBhave taken place；have been set upChave been taken place；have been set upDwere taken place；were set up,C,B,5Is the meeting held in Room 302 or
8、 303? ( )It should be 302.But I hear that it _ tomorrow. Awas put off Bwill put off Chas been put off Dis put off6This book is said _ into several foreign languages last year. ( )Ahas been translated Bhave been translatedCto have translatedDto have been translated,C,D,7The window is dirty. ( )I know
9、. It _ for weeks.Ahasnt cleaned Bdidnt cleanCwasnt cleaned Dhasnt been cleaned8Every possible means _ to save the wounded soldier up to now. ( )Awas tried Bwere triedChave been tried Dhas been tried,D,D,9The new dictionaries are very useful. They _ well and _ already. ( )Asell；have been sold outBsol
10、d；had sold outCsell; sell outDare sold；have been sold out10A new school library _ here.It is said that they hope to finish it next month. ( )Awill be built Bis builtChas been built Dis being built,D,A,二、将下列句子翻译成英语1电脑已被广泛应用于学校。_2数据已经下载并储存在我的电脑中了。_3机器人足球队员已被设计得像人一样行动。_4这对老夫妇已经结婚30多年了。_,1Computers have
11、 been widely used in schools.2The data has already been downloaded and stored in my computer.3The android football players have been programmed to act like humans.4The old couple has been married for over 30 years.,三、语法填空AGreat changes_1_(take place) in my hometown in the past decades. The public fa
12、cilities_2_(greatly，improve). The roads_3_(widen) and more bridges_4_(build)More attention_5_(give) to the environment protection，so many more trees and flowers_6_(plant) in the city. The water in the rivers and lakes as well as the air_7_(become) clean again. As many people say，it seems that we are
13、 now living in a “big park”Of course，life of us_8_(get) better and better.,1.have taken place2.have been greatly improved3.have been widened4.have been built5.has been given6.have been planted7.has become8.is getting,BFishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. Though the
14、 stories told by seamen have often_1_(laugh) at，it is now known that many of these “monsters” which have at times_2_(sight) are simply strange fish. Occasionally，unusual creatures_3_(wash) to the shore，but they are rarely caught out at sea. Some time ago，however，a peculiar fish which was over thirte
15、en feet long_4_(catch) near Madagascar. It had a head like a horse，big blue eyes，shining silver skin，and a bright red tail. The fish，which_5_(send) to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist，_6_(call) an oarfish. Such creatures have rarely_7_(see) alive by man_8_they live at a_9_(deep) of six hundred feet.,1.been laughed 2.been sighted3.are washed 4.was caught5.has been sent 6.is called7been seen 8.as/because9.depth,祝,您,学业有成,
