1、Period Three ,Grammar，Speaking & Writing,栏目索引,语法专题 动词-ing形式(现在分词)作状语,交际导航 口语积累运用,写作专题 如何写慰问信,语法专题 动词-ing形式(现在分词)作状语,一、动词-ing形式(现在分词)作状语的句法功能1.作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)。Walking in the park，she saw an old friend.When/While (she was) walking in the park，she saw an old friend.当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。Having finis
2、hed the homework，he went shopping.After he had finished his homework，he went shopping.完成作业后，他就去购物了。,语法精析,注意：当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加上when/while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。2.作原因状语。一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句。Being ill，he couldnt go to school.As he was ill，he couldnt go to school.因为生病了，他无法去上学。Not knowing how to get t
3、here，I had to ask the way.As I did not know how to get there，I had to ask the way.因为不知道如何到那里，我只得问路。,3.作条件状语。一般放在句首，其前可以加if，unless等连词。Working hard，and youll make great progress.If you work hard，youll make great progress.如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。Unless working harder，youll surely fail in the exam.除非更加努力，否则你无法
4、通过考试。4.作方式状语。不能用状语从句来代替。He came running back to tell me the news.他跑回来告诉我这个消息。We visited a number of cities，traveling by train.我们坐火车访问了好多城市。,5.作伴随状语。表示伴随的次要动作或补充说明，相当于一个并列谓语。Every evening they sat on the sofa，reading books.Every evening they sat on the sofa，and read books.他们每天晚上坐在沙发上读书。I stood by the
5、 door，not daring to say a word.I stood by the door，and didnt dare to say a word.我站在门旁，一句话也不敢说。,6.作让步状语。一般放在句首，常常由although/though，while，even if/though等连词引入。Although repeating his words many times，the teacher could not make her understand what he meant.尽管重复了很多遍，老师仍无法让她理解自己的意思。While achieving great ach
6、ievements，he is very modest.虽然取得了很大的成就，但他很谦虚。,7.作结果状语(表示自然而然的结果，不定式短语作结果状语表示事与愿违的结果)。置于句末，前面经常加so，thereby，thus，hence等表示结果的副词。He worked day and night，thus making himself nearsighted.他日夜工作，结果造成眼睛近视。The fire lasted nearly a month，leaving nothing valuable.大火持续了将近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。注意：(1)现在分词作状语时除了可以表示上述情况
7、外，还可表示补充说明。Please hand in your homework，writing down your name and your number.请交上你们的家庭作业，写上姓名和学号。,(2)一般说来，分词(短语)作状语，它的逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致，但事实上有少数特殊情况。当句子中含有主语it或there时，有时用作状语的分词短语的逻辑主语可以与句子的主语不一致。Having so little time，there was not much that I could do.由于时间很少，我能做的事情很有限。当分词已转化成为介词或连词，此时也无需考虑主语一致问题。Supposi
8、ng she doesnt come，what shall we do?要是她不来我们该怎么办？(supposing为连词，意为“假若”),Seeing (that) he didnt help others，no one would like to help him.鉴于他不帮助别人，没有人愿意帮助他。(seeing (that)为连词，意为“鉴于，由于”)当分词暗含的逻辑主语为表示泛指意义的one或you时，也无需考虑主语的一致性问题。In doing such work，patience is needed.When one does such work，patience is need
9、ed.做这种工作需要耐心。,答案,即时跟踪1用所给动词的正确形式填空1. (be) so angry，he couldnt go to sleep.2. (hold) guns，the soldiers rushed out.3.The children went out of the school， (talk) and (laugh).4.The fish can eat a man in a few minutes， (leave) only the bones.5. (walk) along the valley，we came across a large cave.6. (arri
10、ve) at the worksite，she found them busy laying bricks.7.When (leave) the airport，they waved again and again to us.,leaving,Being,Holding,talking,laughing,leaving,Walking,Arriving,二、动词-ing形式的时态动词-ing形式的完成式：having done，表示分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，并且只能作状语，表示时间或原因(一般式表示动词-ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生)。Having lived in
11、 London for years，I almost know every place quite well.在伦敦住了多年，我几乎对那儿的每个地方都很熟悉。(having lived作状语，表示原因，live动作发生在know动作之前),Having worked for three hours(After he (had) worked for three hours)，he took a rest.工作了三个小时之后，他休息了一下。(having worked作状语，表示时间，work动作发生在take a rest动作之前)He stood there，waiting for a bu
12、s.他站在那里等公共汽车。(waiting为动词-ing形式的一般式作状语，与stand动作同时发生),答案,即时跟踪2句型转换1.After he had washed his face，he went to the park. ，he went to the park.2.After she finished her work，she began to see the film. ，she began to see the film.3.Because we hadnt received his answer，we wrote a letter to him. ，we wrote a le
13、tter to him.,Having washed his faceHaving finished her workNot having received his answer,三、动词-ing形式的否定式：not doing；not having doneNot knowing this，he didnt come.他不知道这件事，所以没来。Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting.因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。,答案,即时跟踪3完成句子1. (未辨认出这个声音)，he refused to
14、 give the person his address.2. (不知道他的电话号码)，I couldnt get in touch with him.3. (未被邀请参加聚会)，she had to stay home.,Not recognizing the voiceNot knowing his telephone numberNot having been invited to the party,四、评论性状语/悬垂分词有些现在分词作状语，在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，用来修饰主句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评论性状语或悬垂分词。常见的有generally/strictl
15、y/frankly speaking，judging from，considering，supposing，providing等。Generally speaking，girls are more interested in literature than boys.一般说来，女孩子比男孩子更喜欢文学。,答案,即时跟踪4完成句子1. (坦率地说)，I dont like her songs at all.2. (根据他的口音判断)，he may be from the south of China.,Frankly speakingJudging from his accent,五、独立主格现
16、在分词作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。The rain having stopped，we went on marching.雨停之后，我们继续前进。,答案,即时跟踪5完成句子1. (许多眼睛看着他)，he felt a bit nervous.2. (如果天气允许), we will go to the park.,Many eyes watching himWeather permitting,.用所给动词的正确形式填空1.Newly-built wooden cottages line the st
17、reet， (turn) the old town into a dreamland.(2016北京)2.People probably cooked their food in large pots， (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.(2016全国)3.Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way (use) the sun and the stars.(2015重庆),高考链接,答案,turning,using,using,答案,4.In recent years an English word “infosphere
18、” has appeared，_(combine) the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”.(2015福建)5.There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland， (stare) at the night sky.(2014湖南)6. (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than those of her
19、 age.(2014福建)7.The lecture (give)，a lively question-and-answer session followed.(2014江苏),having been given,combining,staring,Having spent,答案,8.When I was little，my mother used to sit by my bed， (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.(2013重庆)9. (not，know) which university to attend，the girl asked her t
20、eacher for advice.(2013四川)10.I got to the office earlier that day， (catch) the 7：30 train from Paddington.(2013新课标全国),having caught,telling,Not knowing,答案,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found that his parents were missing.(2015全国，短文改错)2.One evening at sun
21、set，we sat by the fire， have our barbecue.(2014陕西，短文改错)3.After think for some time，I let her copy my answers.(2013四川，短文改错),looking,having,thinking,返回,答案,4.Follow this explanation，there was a rapid drop in the number of reported sightings，but the rate remained above the previous level.(2011辽宁，短文改错)5.
22、The man did as told and slept really well，wake up before the alarm had even gone off.(2011四川，短文改错),Following,waking,Prohibition and warning & Obligation1.You may not.2.Always stay.3.Keep away from.4.Do not.5.You should never.6.Look out!7.You must.8.Watch out!,交际导航 口语积累运用,9.You will need to.10.Be car
23、eful when.11.Youll have to.12.Youll be fined (200) yuan.,答案,语法填空A：Look 1. the photos of the UFOs on TV! Do you think they are real?B：I really dont know，my dear brother.You know，UFOs means Unidentified Flying Objects.A：But therere many people in the world 2. said they had seen the UFOs.B：Thats true，3
24、. no one really knows what they really 4. (be).A：5. the way，have you ever heard the news that Justin has disappeared?,即时跟踪,By,at,who,but,are,B：Yes，the police 6. (question) Justins sister，who said that Justin was taken away by aliens.A：Why did she think so?B：Because she said she saw a spaceship 7. (f
25、ly) towards Justins room and heard him cry.8. the spaceship disappeared.A：Do the police believe her story?B：They havent ruled out the possibility that Justin was taken away by aliens，but they are also looking into other 9. (possible).A：I wish Justin could return home soon.B：So 10. I.,返回,答案,do,have q
26、uestioned,flying,Then,possibilities,慰问信是以组织或个人的名义向对方表示问候和关心的一种信函。1.慰问信的格式与一般英文信件的格式相同。2.要明确写慰问信的对象。只有对象明确了，慰问信的内容才好安排。3.语言要亲切、生动，感情要充沛、真挚。4.注意主题突出，语言简练。,基础点拨,【文体指导】,写作专题 如何写慰问信,5.慰问信的结构一般如下：a.首先说明写慰问信的原因；b.向对方的遭遇表示同情并鼓励对方或者表达自己想帮助对方的愿望或具体措施；c.在结尾处可再次表示写信者的良好祝愿或同情之心。,1.开头：(1)Im shocked/awfully sorry
27、to hear that.(2)It was a great shock to hear that.(3)It broke my heart to hear that.(4)I just can t tell you how sad I was when I heard that.(5)I cant tell you how sorry I felt when I heard that.(6)I am writing to express my deep sympathy/care for you.,【常用句式】,2.正文：(1)I understand how you feel now.(2
28、)I know the way you feel very well.(3)Youll always have a support in me.(4)Its true that attitude decides everything.So you should never give up no matter what happens.(5)We are best friends so I will.(6)Please let me know if there is anything I can do.(7)If I can be of any help，please dont hesitate
29、 to let me know.,3.结尾：(1)Im looking forward to.(2)I hope our caring will help to comfort you.(3)I hope that time will take away the sorrow of your recent loss.(4)Remember that my heart and my thoughts are with you.,假设你叫李明，你的外国朋友Andrew来上海旅游，回国后因天气和旅途劳累等原因病倒了，请你给他写一封慰问信。词数100左右。,佳作构建,【写作任务】,第一步明确要求本文为
30、慰问信。对朋友因天气和旅途劳累等原因病倒了进行慰问。要注意语言亲切、生动，感情要充沛、真挚。注意主题突出，语言简练。第二步确定段落Para.1_Para.2_Para.3_,【审题谋篇】,答案,点明写信的目的；点明生病的原因及采取相应措施；表明良好的祝愿。,第三步词汇热身1.由导致_2.玩得开心_3.不同于_4.如果有必要_5.赶上，追上_,答案,be caused by.have a wonderful timebe different fromif necessarycatch up with,第四步句式升级1.你在这里时我们过得很快乐，忘记了上海的气候不同于纽约。(一般表达)We had
31、 a wonderful time while you were here and forgot that the weather in Shanghai is very different from that in New York.(句式升级)We had a wonderful time while you were here， that the weather in Shanghai is very different from that in New York.(分词作状语),答案,forgetting,2.在那么短的时间内旅行了那么长的距离你也一定累了。(一般表达)You must
32、 also have been very tired after you have travelled such a long distance in such a short time.(句式升级)You must also have been very tired such a long distance in such a short time.(分词作状语)3.所以我建议你休息一下，如果有必要，就去看医生。(一般表达)So I suggest you get some rest，and if it is necessary，go to see a doctor.(句式升级)So I s
33、uggest you get some rest，and ，go to see a doctor.(省略结构),答案,if necessary,after travelling,【连句成篇】,返回,Dear Andrew， I was very sorry to hear that you have been ill since you returned to your home from China，and that your illness was caused by the bad weather in Shanghai last week. We had a wonderful tim
34、e while you were here，forgetting that the weather in Shanghai is very different from that in New York.You must also have been very tired after travelling such a long distance in such a short time.So I suggest you get some rest，and if necessary，go to see a doctor.Dont worry too much about your studies.Youll catch up with others soon once you recover. I am looking forward to your early recovery.Sincerely yours，Li Ming,本课结束,更多精彩内容请登录：,
