1、成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 选修6 (通用本),A healthy life,Unit 3,Section Warmingup; Prereading, Reading & Comprehending,Unit 3,.下面是本部分的重点词汇，你能准确填出内容吗？1根据词性及汉语提示写出单词及其拓展形式(1)_ (n.& vt.) 滥用；虐待(2)_ (vt.)禁止(n.)禁令(3)_(vt.)停止(做某事)；离开(4)_(n.) 结果；效力(5)_(adj.)绝望的；拼命的(6)_ (adj.) 感到惭愧或羞耻的(7)stress (n.) 压力(vt.) 加压力于
2、_ (adj.) 产生压力的；紧张的,stressful,ashamed,desperate,effect,quit,ban,abuse,(8)accustom (vt.) 使习惯于_ (adj.) 惯常的；习惯了的(9)automatic (adj.) 无意识的；自动的_(adv.) 无意识地；自动地(10)mental (adj.) 精神的；智力的_ (adv.) 精神上；智力上(11)strengthen(vt.)加强；巩固_ (n.) 力量(12)disappointed (adj.)失望的；沮丧的_ (adj.) 使人失望的_ (n.)失望,disappointment,disapp
3、ointing,strength,mentally,automatically,accustomed,2短语互译(1)_帮助某人开始某活动(2)_由于(3)_放弃，戒掉(4)_对有瘾(5)_顺便一提(6)_习惯于(7)over and over again _(8)do damage to_(9)take sb. off sth._,调离，解除(工作、职务)等,伤害，损伤,再三地，反复地,be/get/become accustomed to,by the way,be/become addicted to,give up,due to,start sb. off,(10)decide on_
4、(11)feel like (doing)_(12)break the habit of_,改掉的习惯,想要(做),对作出决定,.根据课文内容填空Grandpa wrote to James to advise him to _1_smoking. He told James that _2_ his healthy life he lived，he was _3_ to cycle 20 kilometres in one afternoon. He also told him that one became _4_smoking in three important ways. First
5、ly, one could become _5_ to nicotine. That meant after a while ones body became _6_ having nicotine in it. Secondly one became addicted _7_. For example，if a person did the same thing _8_，he would do it automatically. Thirdly，one could become _9_.,At last he told the grandson the harmful effects of
6、smoking. First，it could _10_ to ones heart and lungs. Second, if a baby was born, it might have a _11_. Third, cigarette smoking could affect the health of _12_.1_2._3._4._5._6._7._8._9._10._11._12._,stop/give up/quit,due to,fit enough,addicted to,physically addicted,accustomed to,through habit,over
7、 and over again,mentally addicted,do damage,smaller birth weight,nonsmokers,1.abuse n. & vt. 滥用；虐待(1)abuse用作名词“滥用；虐待”讲，既是可数名词又是不可数名词。I will talk about some abuses of the word.我将谈一谈这个词被滥用的一些情况。Child abuse is not allowed in our country.在我们国家是不允许虐待孩子的。,提示abuse作名词还有“辱骂”的含义。The woman greeted me with a st
8、ream of abuse.那个女人一见了我就破口大骂个不停。(2)abuse作动词时，是及物动词，作“滥用”讲时，常接authority, position, power, wealth等作宾语。He never abuses authority/position/power.他从未滥用职权。Whoever abuses pets will be punished.无论谁虐待宠物都将受到处罚。,知识拓展活学活用补全句子政府已成立工作组调查滥用毒品问题。The government has set up a working party to look into the problem of _
9、 _.答案：drug abuse,2stress n. 压力；重音 vt. 加压力于；使紧张；强调Susan was completely weighted down by the stress of examinations.苏珊被考试的压力压垮了。We have learned pronunciation and stress.我们已经学了发音和重读。The English teacher stressed the importance of reading aloud.英语老师强调了朗读的重要性。,知识拓展It must be stressed that. 必须强调的是lay/put/p
10、lace stress on/under sth.对某事加以强调under/driven by the stress of 为所迫；为所驱使； 处境紧张(或困难)stressful adj. 压力重的，紧张的stressed adj. 焦虑不安的，心力交瘁的It must be stressed that this disease is very rare.必须强调，这种疾病是非常罕见的。He put stress on the safety of the students.他强调了学生们安全的重要性。,Worrying over his job and his wifes health pu
11、t him under a great stress.忧虑自己的工作及妻子的健康问题使他陷于过度的紧张中。He was feeling very stressed and tired.他感觉十分焦虑，疲惫不堪。,比较网站stress, pressure这两个名词均有“压力，重压，紧张”之意。,Person may suffer from loneliness, fear, anxiety, or other emotional responses to stress.人们可以因孤独、恐惧、焦虑或其它感情上压抑等而感到痛苦。Do not put much pressure on the hand
12、le; it may break.不要在把柄上太用力了，它会坏的。,活学活用补全句子(1)人在压力之下，办事就易出错。Things can easily go wrong when people are _.(2)他强调了良好教育的重要性。He _ _ _ of good education.答案：(1)under stress(2)stressed the importance,3ban vt. 禁止；取缔n. 禁令；谴责He was banned from driving for six months.他被禁止驾驶六个月。The President supports a global ba
13、n on nuclear testing.总统支持全球性禁止核试验。提示ban作动词时为及物动词，其后可直接接宾语；作名词时，其后常用介词on。,知识拓展ban.from doing 禁止做lift/remove the ban on 解禁place/put.under a ban 禁止under a ban 被禁止；被逐出门,比较网站ban, forbid与prohibit,活学活用用ban, forbid或prohibit的适当形式填空(1)After the accident, he was _ from driving alone.(2)Our school _ us to bring
14、 cellphone to school.(3)The law _ the tobacco from being sold freely.答案：(1)banned(2)forbad(3)prohibits,4addicted adj. 入了迷的；上了瘾的His father is addicted to buying shares.他的父亲迷上了买股票。The man has been found to become addicted to drugs.这个男人被人发现他吸毒成瘾。提示addicted不用于名词前，一般作表语或后置定语，常与介词to连用。,知识拓展(1)be/become ad
15、dicted to sth./doing sth. 沉溺于；专心做addict oneself to sth. 沉溺于(2)addict n. 有瘾的人addiction n. 癖好a work addict 工作狂(3)addictive adj. 使人上瘾的Many students addict themselves to computer games.许多学生迷恋电脑游戏。,Nowadays, many children are addicted to TV.现在很多孩子迷恋看电视。Crack is a highly addictive form of cocaine.快克是一种令人高
16、度上瘾的可卡因药丸。活学活用(1)用addict的适当形式填空He admitted he was _ to cocaine.These sleeping pills are not _.His _ to drugs troubles his family.,The police are always being urged to crack down on drug _.(2)Harry is so_to alcohol that hed sell his soul for a bottle of whisky.AaccustomedBdevotedCburied Daddicted答案：(
17、1)addictedaddictiveaddictionaddicts(2)D题意：哈里如此沉溺于喝酒，结果他会为一瓶威士忌而出卖灵魂。be addicted(to sth.)表示“上瘾；成瘾；有瘾”。,5accustomed adj. 惯常的；习惯了的The young woman spoke with her accustomed modesty.那位年轻女子以她惯有的谦虚态度讲话。Im accustomed to reading novels every day.我习惯了每天看小说。知识拓展(1)accustom vt. 使习惯于(2)be accustomed to习惯于该词组中的to
18、是介词，后接动词时应接动词的ing形式。She found it necessary to accustom herself to getting up early.,她觉得有必要让自己养成早起的习惯。The actor is accustomed to sleeping late and getting up early.这位演员习惯晚睡早起。活学活用(1)Accustomed to_ the steep mountains, he had no difficulty reaching the top.AclimbingBclimbChaving climbedDhave climbed,(
19、2)句型转换You will soon get accustomed to the climate here.You will soon _ _ _ the climate here.答案：(1)A题意：早已习惯了攀登陡峭的山峰，他毫不费力地登上了山顶。get accustomed to 表示“习惯于”，to 为介词，故填climbing。(2)get used to,6withdrawal n. 收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程His withdrawal from the election is wise.他退出选举是明智的。I got withdrawal symptoms the nex
20、t day after giving up smoking.我戒烟后第二天就有了脱瘾症状。知识拓展withdraw v. 撤离；退回；缩回；提取He withdrew against the wall as the car passed by.车经过时他把身子紧靠着墙。He withdrew from the race due to his injury on his leg.他因腿伤退出了比赛。,活学活用选词填空She _ her hands from the stove and covered her face.(drew; withdrew)答案：withdrew,7mentally a
21、dv. 精神上；智力上Mentally, I began to make a list of things I had to do next.我开始在脑子里盘算接下来要做的事情。The baby is very mentally alert.这孩子很机灵。知识拓展mental adj. 精神的；智力的Do you have a mental picture of what it looks like?在你脑子里它会是什么样子？,活学活用用恰当词语填空Some children should be cared about _， as well as physically.答案：mentallya
22、s well as的意思是“除了还有”，mentally意思是“精神上，智力上”，与physically“身体上”相对应。,8quit vt. 停止(做某事)；离开You must quit smoking. Most important of all, you should start taking exercise.你必须戒烟，最重要的是，你该开始运动。He quitted Paris after a week.他一周后离开了巴黎。提示quit的过去式、过去分词为quit, quit或quitted, quitted, quit作“停止”讲，且后跟动词时，须用动词的ing形式。如：Just
23、 quit complaining. What matters now is how to get rid of such an embarrassing situation.别抱怨了，目前重要的是如何摆脱这种尴尬的局面。,知识拓展常见用法：quit ones job 辞去工作quit office 离职quit school 退学quit of sb./sth. 摆脱某人/某物quit doing sth.停止干某事quit to do sth.辞职去做某事,比较网站quit, pause, stop这三个动词均含有“停止”之意。(1)quit指最终彻底停止某事，有时暗示遭到失败或面临挫折。
24、Many people think he has no reason to quit the job, But he did without hesitation.很多人都认为他不应该辞去那份工作，但他却毫不犹豫地辞职了。(2)pause指暂时的、瞬间的停顿，隐含有再进行之意。He paused when he heard steps behind him.他听到后面有脚步声便停了下来。,(3)stop指动作、运行、进展等被停下来，含突然、断然的意味。Why stop the entire process just because something is missing?为什么停止整个过程，
25、仅仅是因为遗漏了某些内容？活学活用(1)补全句子他们鼓励年轻人戒烟。They encourage young people _ _ _.,(2)Tom is so worried about the test that he plans to study all night.Tell him he should quit _ and get some sleep.AworryBworryingCworriedDto worry答案：(1)to quit smoking(2)B题意：“汤姆非常担心测试，他打算学习一晚上。”“告诉他不用担心，应睡一会儿觉。”quit在此作“停止”讲，后接动词时，应
26、用v.ing形式。,9effect n. 结果；效力I can certainly feel the effects of too many late nights.我当然能感觉到熬夜太多产生的影响。It wont be easy to put the changes into effect.把这些变化落到实处不会是件容易的事。,知识拓展in effect 实质上；本质上take effect 生效，起作用be of no effect 无效，没有作用，不中用bring/carry/put into effect 实行，实施；使生效；实现come into effect 开始生效；开始实施ha
27、ve an effect on/upon 对有影响；对起作用,比较网站effect，affect, influence这些词均含“影响”之意。,The tax increases have affected us all.加税已经影响了我们所有的人。Fathers have an enormous effect on their childrens personalities and chances of marital happiness.父亲对孩子们的个性及婚姻幸福的可能性有巨大影响。No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements.谁
28、也不能避免受到广告的影响。,活学活用(1)Any options users set should be remembered, so that the options remain_effect until manually changed.AwithBonCinDupon(2)用effect的相关短语填空The new regulation shall _ on June 1st._， well be earning less than we were last year.It wont be easy to _ the changes _.,答案：(1)C题意：无论用户设置的选项是什么，
29、程序都应该记住。 这样一直保留这些选项，直到用户手工将其改变。in effect表示“在实施中；有效”。(2)take effectIn effectput; into effect,10strengthen vt. 加强；巩固；使坚强 vi.变强It is necessary to strengthen the bridge.这座桥需要加固。The exercises are designed to strengthen your stomach muscles.这些训练目的在于增强你的腹部肌肉。知识拓展动词strengthen是名词strength加后缀en转化而来的，常见的由名词或形容词
30、加后缀en转化而来的动词还有：brighten(使)明亮；fatten(使)发胖；harden(使)变硬；soften(使)变软；sharpen(使)变尖锐；sweeten(使)变甜；widen(使)变宽,提示名词或形容词加前缀en也可转化为动词。如：encave把藏入洞中entitle给书、文章题目，给以称号entrap用陷阱诱捕enable使能够enrich使富裕ensure保证，使安全endanger使遭危险encourage使有勇气，鼓励enforce强迫，迫使,比较网站strength, energy, force, power这些名词均有“力”之意。(1)strength指机体内部
31、的能力，是依靠身体组织而存在的力，经使用就变为force. 它尤其指承受重物的力量。For a small woman she has surprising strength.她个子虽小但力大惊人。(2)energy用于人时，指工作时焕发出的精力或干劲。His work seemed to lack energy.他工作似乎缺乏干劲。,(3)force尤指人或物撞击或推物体时所用的力。He did it with a great force.他用了很大的力才把它做完了。(4)power可以用来指人体某部位的力量，但一般不用来指搬动或握、托、支撑重物的力量。从物理学意义上讲，power更多指机械
32、、爆炸或大自然的力量。There was a lot of power behind that blow.那一击的力量很大。,活学活用To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _ and weaknesses.AstrengthsBbenefitsCtechniquesDvalues答案：Astrength表示“优势，优点”，是可数名词，与weaknesses连用，表示“优缺点”。其余三项与weaknesses搭配不恰当。句意为“为了让一个队的队员表现得更好，教练员首
33、先必须了解他们的优点和缺点。”,11desperate adj. 绝望的；拼命的He was desperate when he lost all his money.当他丢了所有钱时，他绝望了。There was a desperate animal, cold and hungry.有一个走投无路的动物，又冷又饿。知识拓展be desperate for.对极度渴望的be desperate to do 非常愿意干desperately adv. 拼命地desperation n. 绝望；拼命,He was so desperate for a job.他非常想找一份工作。I was ab
34、solutely desperate to learn painting.我非常渴望学画画。He took a deep breath, desperately trying to keep calm.他深深地吸了一口气，极力保持镇静。,活学活用(1)补全句子他渴望有份工作来挣钱供养这一大家子。He _ _ _ work to provide for a large family.(2)The man lost in the desert was desperate _ water.AforBwithCbyDat答案：(1)was desperate for(2)A题意：在沙漠中迷失方向的人极
35、度渴望得到水。be desperate for sth.表示“非常需要；渴望”。,12disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的We are disappointed that you will not be able to come.你不能前来，对此我们很失望。She was disappointed to learn that she had failed the course.得知那门课没有考及格，她很沮丧。提示disappointed “失望的，沮丧的”，指人的主观感受，常用来修饰人；disappointing“令人失望的”，指事物的属性或性质，用于修饰事物。,知识拓展be d
36、isappointed to do 做而感到失望be disappointed at/about/with 对感到失望/沮丧be disappointed that 因而失望比较网站disappointed, disappointing,The disappointing news that he failed the exam made us very disappointed.他没有通过考试，这令人扫兴的消息让我们感到非常失望。,活学活用The old lady felt so _as to place a match to the bill with trembling fingers.
37、AdisappointingBdisappointedCcontroversialDspecific答案：B题意：这个老太太感到太失望了，以至于用发抖的手把火柴放到了钞票上。disappointed指“(人)感到失望的”，符合题意。disappointing指“(事物)令人失望的”；controversial“有争议的”；specific“确切的”。,13ashamed adj. 感到惭愧或羞耻的She was ashamed of having failed in the examination.她因考试不及格而感到羞愧。She was ashamed to tell anyone that
38、 she had fallen in love with him.她羞于告诉任何人自己爱上了他。The next day I felt ashamed that I hadnt stopped her from going away alone.第二天，我感到很惭愧，因为我没有阻止她独自前往。,知识拓展(1)be/feel ashamed of (doing) sth. 为(做)某事感到羞耻be ashamed of oneself为自己感到惭愧be/feel ashamed that从句为感到羞愧be/feel ashamed to be/to do sth. 作为而感到羞愧；因惭愧而不情愿
39、做(2)shame n. 羞耻；可耻的人或事；丢脸的事shameful adj. 可耻的；可惜的,You should practise more oftenits a shame to waste such talent.你应该更经常地练习荒废这样好的天分是太可惜了！Stealing is a shameful thing to do, but he doesnt feel ashamed.偷东西是可耻的行为，但他并不感到羞愧。,比较网站ashamed, shameful，shameless,He was ashamed of being unable to answer the quest
40、ion.他因回答不了这个问题而感到惭愧。We thought his behavior was shameful.我们认为他的行为是可耻的/不光彩的。Shes quite shameless about wearing sexy clothes at work.她穿着性感的衣服上班而不觉羞耻。,活学活用英汉互译(1)In class, students should not be ashamed to ask the teacher questions._(2)你应该为自己的行为感到羞耻。_答案：(1)在课堂上，学生们不应该羞于向老师发问。(2)You should be ashamed of
41、 yourself for your behavior.,1.due to由于，因为；在句中可作状语、表语等。The accident happened due to the heavy fog.事故因大雾而起。My toothache is due to too much sugar, for I have a sweet tooth.牙痛是由于我吃了太多的糖，因为我喜欢吃甜食。,知识拓展,(2)due adj. 预期的；应付的，欠款的；到期的Their train is due to arrive in 30 minutes.他们的火车预定在30分钟后到达。Have they been p
42、aid the money that is due to them?他们应得的钱付给他们了吗？The electricity bill is due today.今天该交电费了。,比较网站,活学活用(1)句型转换Owing to his careless driving, we had a bad accident._ _ his careless driving, we had a bad accident.We had a bad accident _ _/_ _ _ _/_ _ _ _ his careless driving.,(2)完成句子They _ _ _ _ _ in Janu
43、ary.他们预计一月份开始上学。Any money _ _ _ will be sent by cheque through the post.你应得的钱会通过邮局以支票的形式寄给你。答案：(1)Because of; due to/for the sake of/as a result of(2)are due to start schooldue to you,2This means that.这意味着；这就是说This means that Chinese athletes will win more medals in the Winter Olympics.这意味着中国运动员将在冬奥
44、会上获得更多的奖牌。知识拓展区分mean doing和mean to do的用法：(1)mean doing.意味着Raising wage means increasing purchasing power.增加工资意味着增加购买力。,(2)mean to do打算做I meant to go to the seaside, but my father would not allow me to.我打算去海边，但是我父亲不允许我去。活学活用汉译英他并没有要伤害她的意思，但是，他的说话方式使她不愉快。_答案：He didnt mean to hurt her, but the way he spoke to her made her unpleasant.,3decide on 对作出决定It is still raining and it is difficult to decide on a date to go on our project.天还在下雨，很难决定一个日期继续我们的工程。He has decided on spending the vacation by the sea.他决定在海边度假。知识拓展(1)decide to do 决心做decide that 决心decide between 于两者中选择其一,
