1、Unit 2 Cloning Warming Up & Reading,. 速记单词1. 音意记忆。(1) _ (vt. )着手；从事；承担(2) _ (n. )突破(3) _ (n. )程序; 步骤; 手续(4) _ (adv. )总共; 完全地(5) _ (vt. )获得; 赢得,undertake,breakthrough,procedure,altogether,obtain,2. 形意记忆。(1)differ (vi. ) 不同；相异_(adj. ) 不同的；相异的_ (n. )差异(2)object (vi. )反对；不赞成_ (n. )不赞成；反对; 异议(3)medium (n
2、. )媒介；手段；工具_ (复数) (4)forbid (vt. )禁止；不准；阻止；妨碍过去式 _过去分词 _(5)accumulate (vt. &vi. ) 积累；聚积_ (n. )积累,different,difference,objection,media,forbade/forbad,forbidden,accumulation,. 短语互译1. 经常；一直 _2. 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 _3. 一方面，另一方面 _ _4. 使失望; 使沮丧 _5. 禁止研究 _6. 赞成；支持 _,all the time,pay off,on the one hand. . .,on t
3、he other hand. . .,cast down,forbid research into/on. . .,in favour of,7. quantities of _8. be appropriate for/to _9. make a correction _10. raise/cause a storm of. . . _11. open sb. s eyes to sth. _12. have an impact on. . . _,大量的, 大批的,对于来说合适,修改,引发了风潮,使某人看清某事,对有影响,. 完成句子1. 接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。_ that Doll
4、y had become seriously ill. (then位于句首, 句子完全倒装)2. 研究克隆的科学家们发现多莉得的病更容易发生在年老的羊身上, 这让他们很沮丧。Cloning scientists were cast down _ Dollys illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal. (不定式短语作原因状语),Then came the disturbing news,to find that,3. 多莉总共存活了六年半, 这是它的原型羊寿命的一半。Altogether Dolly lived six and
5、 a half years, _the life of the original sheep. (倍数表达法)4. 尽管目前克隆研究所需的人类卵细胞和胚胎还很难获得, 报纸报道说一些邪恶头目希望把自己克隆出来以实现他们的野心。Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research _, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions. (sb. /sth. +be+adj. +
6、to do),half the length of,are difficult to obtain,5. 然而, 科学家们还不知道克隆技术对人类是有益还是有害, 也不确定克隆技术将把我们引向何方。However, scientists still wonder _ and where it is leading us. (whether. . . or. . . 引导宾语从句),whether cloning will help or,harm us,. 语篇理解(A)Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.,答案: 1. exact co
7、py 2. commercial 3. medical4. normally 5. ill 6. original 7. evil leaders8. moral 9. forbade 10. evidence,(B)Choose the best answer. 1. As for the cloning procedure of Dolly the sheep, all of the following are true EXCEPT_. A. the lamb is the clone of the donated cell from sheep BB. electricity is n
8、eededC. female sheep B provides an egg cellD. three female sheep are used,2. From the last paragraph we know that_. A. cloning will come to an end because of objectionsB. cloned human beings will be produced in the near futureC. many countries will use cloning in a wise wayD. all the research into h
9、uman cloning will be forbidden,【读而后思】What do you think is the writers point of view in this reading passage? Why? I think the writer is neutral(中立的)because he/she does not state any personal opinion about cloning.,1. differ vi. 不同；相异【语境领悟】Think about how they differ. 想一想他们如何不同。Russia and major weste
10、rn nations differed sharply over the situation in Syria. 俄罗斯与西方大国在叙利亚问题上分歧严重。,The twins differ from each other in character. 这对双胞胎在性格方面不一样。【归纳拓展】(1)differ from(=be different from) 与不同differ in(=be different in ) 在方面不同differ with sb. on/about/over sth. 与某人在某事上意见不同(2)different adj. 不同的；有差别的difference
11、n. 区别；差异,American English is significantly different from British English. 美式英语与英式英语有很大差异。,【即学活用】完成句子。She said I had copied her answer, but in fact, my answer _hers. (differ)她说我抄袭她的答案，但是事实上，我的答案和她的不同。The fact that I can now organize my own time _. (difference)我现在可以安排自己的时间，这样情况就大不相同了。,makes a big,dif
12、ference,differed from,2. undertake vt. (undertook；undertaken)着手；从事；承担；许诺【语境领悟】It is a difficult task to undertake. 这是一项难以完成的任务。The company has announced that it will undertake a full investigation into the accident. 公司已经宣布将对这次事故进行全面调查。,We cant undertake that we shall finish the work in a week. =We c
13、ant undertake to finish the work in a week. 我们不能保证一周内完成这项工作。【归纳拓展】undertake sth. 承担某事，负责/从事undertake to do sth. 承诺/答应做某事undertake that. . . 承诺/答应,【即学活用】完成句子。I _ you will enjoy the trip. (undertake)我保证你会喜欢这次旅行的。To join the club, you have to _ a minimum of six books a year. (undertake)要加入该俱乐部, 你必须承诺每年
14、至少买6本书。China is the only nuclear state _ not to be the first to use nuclear weapons. (undertake)中国是唯一承诺不首先使用核武器的有核国家。,can undertake that,undertake to buy,to undertake,3. altogether adv. 总共(表示总数或总额，多修饰数词); 完全地，全部地(相当于completely); 总而言之(常作插入语)【语境领悟】How much do the goods cost altogether? 这些货物一共花费多少钱？The
15、 train went slower and slower until it stopped altogether. 火车越来越慢，最后完全停了。,Li Ping works hard; she always helps others. Altogether, she is a good girl. 李萍工作努力, 总是帮助别人。总之，她是个好女孩。【归纳拓展】all together是副词短语，意为“全体一起”。Lets sing. All together now！让我们现在一起来唱歌吧！,【即学活用】写出下列句中altogether的含义。The food was good and we
16、 loved the music. Altogether it was a great evening. ( )Altogether, about 50 NATO aircraft took part in the attack. ( )I dont altogether agree with you. ( ),总之,总共,完全地,4. objection n. C, U不赞成; 反对; 异议【语境领悟】On the other hand, Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the
17、media and public imagination. 另一方面，多莉的出生引起了一阵强烈的反对，对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了巨大的影响。,Practicing to get back in form was the Olympic champions priority so the coach made an objection to his dating during training. 恢复状态是这位奥运冠军的首要任务, 所以教练反对他在训练期间约会。He has a strong objection to smoking in public places, especially w
18、ith females present. 他强烈反对在公共场所吸烟，尤其是有女性在场的情况下。,【归纳拓展】(1)raise/make an objection to (doing) sth. 对(做)某事提出异议have an objection to. . . 反对(2)object vi. 反对；不赞成object to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事object that. . . 抗辩说，提出作为反对 的理由,My mother objected to my taking part in the activity. 我妈妈反对我参加这个活动。Some people obje
19、cted that the new tax law was unfair. 一些人反对说新税法不公平。,【易混辨析】,【即学活用】选词填空(object/oppose)。He said he would _ changing the law. Many local people _ to the building of the new airport.,oppose,object,5. forbid vt. (forbade, forbad; forbidden) 禁止；不准【语境领悟】The law forbids the sale of cigarettes to people under
20、 the age of 16. 法律禁止销售香烟给年龄不满16岁的人。The law forbids building on this land. 法律禁止在这块地上进行修建。他的父母不准他喝酒。His parents forbid him wine. =His parents forbid him to drink wine. =His parents forbid him from drinking wine.,【归纳拓展】forbid sb. sth. 禁止某人得到某物forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人
21、做某事forbid (doing) sth. 禁止(做)某事【名师点津】forbid后面不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，而是跟动名词作宾语，但可以用forbid sb. to do sth. 。,【想一想】同forbid一样可跟动名词作宾语、跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词还有哪些？【参考答案】,【即学活用】完成句子。_ in public places in some countries. (forbid)一些国家的公共场所已经禁止吸烟了。My dad _ alone at night. (forbid)我爸爸不允许我晚上单独外出。,Smoking has been forbidden,forbi
22、ds me to go out,6. pay off 得到好结果；取得成功; 偿清；付清工资后解雇【语境领悟】But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthroughthe cloning of Dolly the sheep. 但是决心和耐心使科学家们最终在1996年获得了突破性的结果克隆羊“多莉”。,Ten years of hard work finally paid off and he became a millionaire. 10年的艰苦工作终
23、于有了结果, 他成了百万富翁。Five years later, Mr. Wang paid off the debts for his sons schooling. 五年后，王先生还清了儿子上学的债务。Another ten workers have been paid off in the company. 这家公司又有十名工人被结清工资后解雇了。,【名师点津】pay off表示“得到好结果”时，是不及物动词短语，无被动语态，且一般用表示事物的名词作主语；表示“偿清”，付清工资后解雇时，是及物动词短语，可用于被动语态。 【归纳拓展】pay back 偿还；报复；报答pay for 付费，
24、为付出代价,How can I pay you back for all your kindness? 我怎样报答你所有的好意呢？【巧学助记】 一言巧记pay off短语Jim couldnt pay off his debts because he was paid off by the company he had been working for for many years. 吉姆难以还清债务，因为他为之工作多年的公司付清他的工资后把他解雇了。,【即学活用】完成句子。If you keep trying, it _. (pay)如果你继续尝试, 最终会成功。Her parents _
25、her to go to Canada. (pay)她父母出钱送她去加拿大。The athletes years of hard training _ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. (pay)当这位运动员最终获得奥运金牌时，她多年的艰苦训练终于有了回报。,will pay off,paid for,paid off,7. in favour of 赞成；支持；有利于【语境领悟】Is it in favour of cloning or against it? (作者的观点)是赞成克隆还是反对克隆？Those in favour of
26、the motion, please raise your hands now. 赞成这项动议者，现在请举手。,【归纳拓展】in sb. s favour 对某人有利do sb. a favour=do a favour for sb. 给某人帮忙owe sb. a favour 欠某人情ask sb. for a favour=ask a favour of sb. 向某人求助Could you do me a favour and tell Kelly I cant make it? 你帮个忙告诉凯莉说我来不了了好吗？,【想一想】与in favour of 结构相同的介词短语你还知道哪些？
27、【参考答案】in terms of 就而言in view of 鉴于；由于；考虑到in search of 搜寻，寻找in place of 代替in face of 面对in case of 如果；假使,in memory of 纪念in honour of 纪念，向表示敬意in charge of 掌管, 负责in need of 需要,【即学活用】完成句子。_ equal pay for equal work? (favour)你支持同工同酬吗？Ill ask Steve. He _. (favour)我将问问史蒂夫，他欠我一个人情。,Are you in favour of,owes
28、me a favour,8. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。【句式分析】本句使用了完全倒装结构,【名师点津】完全倒装的常见情况(1)here, there, away, out等方位副词及now, then等时间副词位于句首，句子谓语动词为be, come, go, lie, run等动词，且句子的主语不是人称代词时，句子完全倒装。(2)为保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，可把介宾短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，并把句子的主语和谓语完全倒装。,Here is th
29、e book you want. 你要的书在这儿。The door opened and in came Mr. Smith. 门开了, 史密斯先生进来了。On the ground lay an old sick goat, which had gone into the cave to die. 地上躺着一只有病的老山羊，它是到洞里等死的。(主语较长，为保持句子平衡，把介宾短语提至句首，并把谓语动词提至主语前),【即学活用】仿写句子。这时, 年轻女子的弟弟拿着一块蛋糕走过来。_她左边坐着她的丈夫。_,Then came the young womans brother with a cak
30、e in his hand.,On her left sat her husband.,9. Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep. 多莉总共活了六年半其原型羊寿命的一半。【句式分析】(1)句中half the length of . . . sheep作six and a half years的同位语, 属于“倍数+the+名词(表示度量)+of+比较对象”结构, 是倍数表达的具体形式。,(2)倍数表达的常见方式 倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+
31、than+比较对象 倍数+as+形容词/副词的原级+as+比较对象 倍数+the size/height/weight/length/width/. . . +of+比较对象 倍数+what从句,Your school is three times bigger than ours. 你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。This river is four times the depth of that one. 这条河是那条河的四倍深。The industrial output in the factory is more than 30 times what it was in 1970. 这家
32、工厂的工业产量是1970年产量的30多倍。,【即学活用】句型转换。The stone is four times bigger than that one. The stone is five times _ that one. The stone is five times _ that one.,as big as,the size of,10. Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of ev
33、il leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions. 尽管目前供克隆研究的人类卵细胞和胚胎很难获得，报纸上也报道说，有些邪恶的领导者希望把自己克隆出来以实现他们的野心。,【句式分析】(1)句子结构分析,(2)“sth. /sb. +be+adj. +to do”结构用法浅析 形容词: 表示sth. /sb. 的性质、特征等 不定式: 作状语，do与sth. /sb. 为动宾关系; 用主动形式表示 被动意义, 若构成不定式的动词为不及物动词, 动词 后通常要加上适当的介词 不定式的逻辑主语: 不是句子的主语, 若要强调不
34、定式的逻辑 主语, 则需要借助介词for,It is said that he is hard to get along with. 据说他很难相处。Do you think the water is safe to drink? 你认为这水喝起来安全吗？,【即学活用】用所给动词的适当形式填空。I dont think maths is easy _(learn) well.,to learn,11. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other count
35、ries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. 一些国家开始改革他们的法律体系，禁止进行克隆人类的研究，但是其他的国家，如中国和英国，则仍然在继续收集克隆技术有可能提供丰富的医疗救助的证据。,【句式分析】本句是一个由but连接的并列句。第一个分句中有两个并列的谓语动词: began和forbade。第二个分句中, that引导定语从句, 修饰先行词medical aid。,【即学活用】句式仿写。有一些人迟到了，
36、但大多数及时赶上了开会。(but连接两个分句)_一切能做的都做了。(that引导定语从句)_,Some people were late, but the majority were in time for the,meeting.,Everything that can be done has been done.,1. exact adj. 精确的；准确的【语境领悟】It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant. 它是完全复制出另外一种动物或植物的方法。She is in her mid-thirties-th
37、irty-six to be exact. 她三十五岁左右确切地说是三十六岁。,He was not exactly pleased to see us-in fact he refused to open the door. 他根本不愿见我们事实上他拒绝开门。【归纳拓展】to be exact 确切地说exactly speaking 确切地说not exactly 根本不，决不，一点也不；(纠正对 方刚说过的话)不完全,【即学活用】用exact的适当形式填空。She gave an _ description of the attacker. Its not _ beautiful, is
38、 it?,exact,exactly,2. obtain vt. (尤指经过努力)获得；赢得【语境领悟】He finally obtained what he had always wanted. 他终于得到了一直想要的东西。Details can be obtained from the Department of Education. 可以从教育部获知详情。,【易混辨析】,【即学活用】用obtain或attain完成下列句子。My brother worked hard and _. 我的弟弟努力学习并获得了奖学金。Five years later, she _ becoming a pi
39、lot. 五年后，她实现了当飞行员的梦想。,obtained a scholarship,attained her ambition of,3. cast down使失望；使沮丧(常用于被动结构)【语境领悟】Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal. 研究克隆的科学家发现多莉得的病更容易发生在年老的羊身上，这让他们很沮丧。He was cast down by what his manager said. 他的经理说的话
40、使他沮丧。,【归纳拓展】cast vt. (cast, cast)扔；投；掷cast a vote 投票cast a look/a glance at 向瞧了瞧cast doubt on 使人对产生怀疑The lack of facilities for elderly people has cast doubt on the whole redevelopment scheme. 缺乏给老人们的设备使人们对整个重新发展计划产生了怀疑。,【即学活用】完成句子。I _by the result of the experiment. (cast)我被实验的结果弄得不愉快。She _Tom and
41、walked out of the room. (cast)她看了汤姆一眼, 然后走出了房间。,was cast down,cast a look at,4. Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated. 克隆植物简单，而克隆动物非常复杂。【句式分析】(1)句中while作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示对比。(2)while作连词时的用法并列连词：表示两种情况的对比，意为“而，然而”。 引导时间状语从句，作“当的时候”解，从从属连词 句谓语动词用延续性动词; 引导让步状语从句， 作“虽然，尽管”解，从句常位于句首,
