1、Unit 4 PygmalionLearning about Language过去分词(短语)作状语,【探究寻规】用所给动词的正确形式填空。Now once _ ( teach ) by me, shed become an upper class lady. 2. Once_ (educate) to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess.,taught,educated,3. _ (write) in a hurry, this article was not so goo
2、d. 4. _ (accept) by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. 5. She walked out of the house, _ (follow) by her little daughter.,Written,Accepted,followed,【语法精点】 一、基础点拨 1. 过去分词(短语)作状语可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义。这种过去分词作状语相当于一个时间、地点、原因、条件、让步等状语从句。若过去分词作状语, 句子的主语与分词所表示的动作构成动宾关系, 即
3、是该分词动作的承受者。过去分词(短语)作状语时, 也可在其前面加上连词 when, if, once, though, unless等, 以便明确作何种状语。,(1)表时间, 相当于一个时间状语从句, 有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。 Seen from the hill, the city looks like a beautiful garden. 从山上看, 这个城市就像一个美丽的花园。 When (you are) given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体检时要保持镇定。,(2)表原因, 相
4、当于一个原因状语从句。 Encouraged by the speech(=Because they were encouraged by the speech)，the excited young people stopped arguing. 激动的年轻人们被演说深深地鼓舞了, 停止了争吵。,(3)表条件, 相当于一个条件状语从句, 有时过去分词前可用if 等词。 Given another chance(=If he is given another chance), he will do it better. 再给他一次机会, 他会做得更好。 (4)表让步, 相当于一个though/a
5、lthough引导的让步状语从句。 Exhausted by the running(=Although he was exhausted by the running)，he went on running after the robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽, 他还是继续追赶着那个强盗。,(5)表方式或伴随情况。 Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。,【名师点津】过去分词(短语)作伴随或方式状语时通常不能转换为方式状语从句，但可转化为一个并列分句或并列谓语
6、。 He spent a whole day at home, locked in his study. =He was locked in his study and spent a whole day at home.,2. 过去分词(短语)作状语在句中的位置。 过去分词(短语)在句中作状语，可放在主句前作句首状语，后面用逗号与主句隔开，也可放在主句后面，前面用逗号与主句隔开。 He stood there silently, moved to tears. =Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。,二、难点突
7、破 1. 分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主语。这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构或独立主格结构，在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。 Her homework done(=After her homework was done)，Mary decided to go shopping. 做完作业后, 玛丽决定去购物。 All things considered, her paper is of great value. 把所有的情况考虑在内的话，她的论文很有价值。,2. 分词的独立结构有时也可以用“with/without + 名词(或代词的
8、宾语)+ 分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。 All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门(在房里)工作。,【高考体验】过去分词作状语判断方法1. 分清句子结构，确定使用非谓语动词 2. 分清句子的主语与非谓语动词之间的关系，确定用何种非谓语动词形式,1. (2013浙江高考)There are some health problems that, when_ in time, can become bigger ones later on. A. not treatedB. not being treatedC. not t
9、o be treatedD. not having been treated,思路分析：选A。考查状语从句的省略。句意：有些健康问题，如果不及时治疗，日后会变成更大的问题。that引导problems的定语从句；when引导定语从句中的时间状语从句，补全为when they are not treated in time，定语从句的主语that代指problems，与when从句的主语相同，符合状语从句省略的条件，所以省略了主语they与助动词are。故选A。易错误区：选项B具有很大的迷惑性，有些同学误认为应用being done结构，实际上在这里讲的是普遍的情况，故不应用being done
10、，其表达的意思为“正在被”。,2. (2012北京高考)_ with care, one tin will last for six weeks. A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use解题关键: 确定one tin 与use之间的逻辑关系思路分析：选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：如果小心使用, 一罐可以持续六周。分析句子结构可知应用非谓语动词，use的逻辑主语为one tin，且它们之间为动宾关系, 故应用过去分词表被动。所以选C。,3. (2012湖南高考)Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank. A. to use B. u
11、sed C. using D. use解题关键: 确定使用何种非谓语动词思路分析：选B。考查非谓语动词。句意: 时间如果用得正确的话, 就是存在银行里的钱。time与use构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 故用过去分词形式表被动。B项为过去分词形式, 符合题意; A项为动词不定式; C项为现在分词形式; D项为动词原形。,4. (2012江苏高考)_ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later. A. Based B. Basing C. Base D. To base解
12、题关键: 分清you和base之间的逻辑关系思路分析：选B。考查非谓语动词。句意: 如果把一个重要决定更多地建立在情感上而不是理智上, 你迟早会后悔的。分析句子结构可知本题考查非谓语动词, C项是谓语动词, 首先排除。A项过去分词表示被动, 但句子的主语不是base的承受者, 因此A项应排除。B项和D项都表示主动, 但不定式表示将来, 在句中常作目的或结果状语, 与句意不符。,5. (2011四川高考)_ an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous. A. Offer B. OfferingC
13、. Offered D. To offer解题关键: 找出offer的逻辑主语并分清它们之间的关系思路分析：选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：在新电影中，安迪被给予了一个重要角色，获得了出名的机会。Andy 与动词offer是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词表被动，故选C。,6. (2011天津高考)_ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. A. Translating B. TranslatedC. To translate D. Having translated解题关键: 确
14、定句子的主语与非谓语动词之间的关系思路分析：选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：句子被翻译成英语，会有一个完全不同的词序。A项为现在分词，表主动；B项为过去分词，表被动，其逻辑主语为the sentence；C项为动词不定式，表将来；D项为现在分词的完成式，表主动，动作先于主句的动作发生。根据句子的意思，表被动，所以选B。,. 完成句子_, Tom didnt know what to do. (surprise)汤姆对发生的一切非常惊讶，以至于不知该做什么。2. The cup fell down to the ground, _. (break)茶杯掉到了地上，碎了。3. I wont atten
15、d his birthday party _. (invite)除非被邀请，否则我不去参加他的生日晚会。,Surprised at what had happened,broken,unless invited,4. _, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (lost)由于陷入沉思，他差一点撞上前面的汽车。5. _, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. (give)考虑到他身体的大体状况，他手术后恢复过来可能需要一段时间。,Lost in thought,Given
16、the general state of his health,6. _, the girl sat there without lifting her head. (scold)由于被老师批评了，那个女孩低着头坐在那儿。7. _, John didnt feel afraid at all. (leave)虽然John被单独留在家里, 他一点都不害怕。8. The teacher entered the classroom, _. (follow)老师进入教室，后面跟着一帮学生。,Scolded by the teacher,Left at home alone,followed by a
17、group of,students,9. _, Nadia had only two years of schooling. (bear)由于出生于贫寒家庭, 纳迪娅只上过两年学。10. _, the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher. (ask)当被问到未来的计划时, 这个女孩说她想成为一名教师。11. Some medicines, _, can kill a person. (take)当误服时, 有些药可以要人命。,Born in a poor family,When asked her future plans,if wrongly
18、taken,12. _, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties. (encourage)尽管受到了父母的鼓励, 他仍然没有信心克服困难。13. The girl met with an accident when crossing the road, _. (wound)那个女孩过马路时出了事故, 头部受了伤。,Encouraged by his parents,wounded in the head,14. _, the plan was carried out at last. (discuss)在被讨论了许多次
19、之后, 这个计划最终被执行了。15. _, he dived deep into the ocean. (fill)心中充满了恐惧，他跳进了深海里。16. _, Li Lei hurried home quickly. (tell)李雷得知母亲生病了，马上赶回了家。,Discussed many times,Filled with fears,Told that his mother was ill,17. _, his car was carried away by the police. (break)他的车由于在公路上坏了，于是被警察拖走了。18. _, I still have a l
20、ong way to go. (compare)跟你比较起来，我还差得远。,Broken down on the highway,Compared with you,19. _, he still cant understand it. (explain)即使解释一百遍，他还是不会明白。20. _, it can never be forgotten. (see)一旦被看见，人们就忘不了它。,Explained a hundred times,Once seen,. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空_ (lose) in the fog, we were forced to spend two
21、hours in the woods. _ (discuss) many times, the problems were settled at last. 3. When first _ (introduce) to the market, these products enjoyed great success. 4. She stood _ (hesitate) over whether to join the fight or not.,Lost,Discussed,introduced,hesitating,5. _ (frighten) by the noise in the ni
22、ght, the girl didnt dare to sleep in her room. 6. _ (grow) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 7. The old man went into the room, _ (support) by his wife. 8. _ (wait) by others for over half an hour, he didnt turn up at the meeting. 9. _ (give) good weather, our ship will reach Shanghai on Monday evening. 10. He went out, _ (shut) the door behind him.,Frightened,Grown,Waited,Given,shutting,supported,
