1、Section ,Learning about Language,现在完成时的被动语态一、结构have/hasbeen及物动词的过去分词二、用法1表示被动的动作发生在说话之前，并强调对现在造成的影响或结果。如：The door has been locked.门被锁上了。(结果是现在没有人能进去),2表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与 for 或 since 引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long.？”问句中。如：,They have been told about it for many times.他们被告知这件事很多次了。,How long h
2、as the machine been used?这机器用了有多久了？,注意：(1)由 finish, buy, start, begin, post, return, borrow, join,marry, open 等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能直接与表示一段时间的短语如 for four days, how long 等连用，需要改换动词或时态。如：,How long has this book been bought？()How long has this book been had？()When was this book bought？()这本书买了多久了？,但这类动词的否定式
3、可以表示动作的持续过程，因而可与,since 或 for 引导的时间状语连用。如：,No books have been bought since last week.自上周以来，没有人来买过书。,(2)动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持,完整性，不可省略动词短语中的介词或副词。如：,The orphan has been well looked after.这个孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。,一、用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空,1Who will be sent there _ (not decide),yet.,2 So far, almost two-thirds of this
4、 book _,(learn) in all.,3It is said that the bridge _ (close) for,repairs for months.,4Our school area _ (enlarge) for many,times in the last few years.,hasnt been decided,has been learnt,has been closed,has been enlarged,5 This is one of the farthest places that _,(explore) so far in that country.,
5、6 In recent years, much progress _,(make) as a result of his efforts.,7 The government has proved that most of the buildings,_ (destroy), leaving many people dead orinjured.,8 By now, all the letters _ (type) for,your convenience.,have been explored,has been made,have been destroyed,have been typed,
6、二、完成句子,1 Since last year, many art companies old mechanism_ ( 被转变) into a new one suitable,for the market.,2Since Earth Hour first began in Sydney in 2007, so far, theproject _ (被开展) in more than 4,000 cities,around the world.,3In recent years, with the improvement in peoples life, mostof fans _ (被取代) by air-conditioners.4By now, thousands of people _ (遇难) in the terrible earthquake, leaving tens of thousands homeless.,has been changed/transformed,has been carried out,have been replaced,have been killed,
