1、5.D 单一产出情况下成本与供给的几何描述,分析单一产出情况下，企业的生产技术（生产函数）、成本函数和供给行为之间的关系。用图形来说明。,用q代表产出的数量，要素价格不变。生产函数q=f(x)成本函数C(q)平均成本AC(q)=C(q)/q边际成本MC(q)=C(q),y,$,F,y,$,cv(y),y,$,F,cv(y),y,$,F,cv(y),c(y),F,$/output unit,AFC(y),y,0,AFC(y) 0 as y ,$/output unit,AVC(y),y,0,$/output unit,AFC(y),AVC(y),y,0,$/output unit,AFC(y),
2、AVC(y),ATC(y),y,0,ATC(y) = AFC(y) + AVC(y),$/output unit,AFC(y),AVC(y),ATC(y),y,0,AFC(y) = ATC(y) - AVC(y),AFC,$/output unit,AFC(y),AVC(y),ATC(y),y,0,Since AFC(y) 0 as y ,ATC(y) AVC(y) as y .,AFC,$/output unit,AFC(y),AVC(y),ATC(y),y,0,Since AFC(y) 0 as y ,ATC(y) AVC(y) as y .,And since short-run AVC
3、(y) musteventually increase, ATC(y) must eventually increase in a short-run.,Marginal & Average Cost Functions,How is marginal cost related to average variable cost?,Marginal & Average Cost Functions,Since,Marginal & Average Cost Functions,Since,Therefore,as,Marginal & Average Cost Functions,Since,T
4、herefore,as,as,Marginal & Average Cost Functions,as,$/output unit,y,AVC(y),MC(y),$/output unit,y,AVC(y),MC(y),$/output unit,y,AVC(y),MC(y),$/output unit,y,AVC(y),MC(y),$/output unit,y,AVC(y),MC(y),The short-run MC curve intersectsthe short-run AVC curve frombelow at the AVC curves minimum.,Marginal
5、& Average Cost Functions,Similarly, since,Marginal & Average Cost Functions,Similarly, since,Therefore,as,Marginal & Average Cost Functions,Similarly, since,Therefore,as,as,$/output unit,y,MC(y),ATC(y),as,$/output unit,y,AVC(y),MC(y),ATC(y),几种不同情况下的图形描述,严格凸的生产技术规模报酬不变的生产技术非凸的生产技术存在非沉淀启动成本情况下的严格凸的生产技术、规模报酬不变的生产技术存在沉淀成本情况下的严格凸的生产技术,5.E 加总,习题5.D.1, 5.D.2, 5.D.35.E.5,
