1、About the Scarlet LetterPlot:Hester Prynne was punished by a court of stern Puritan judges because of the guilty of adultery on a summer morning in the seventeenth century in front of the jail in Boston. She came out of the jail with a three-month-year-old girl. When the court asked her to tell the
2、girls father, she said “Never. It is too deeply branded. Ye cannot take it off. And would that I might endure his agony as well as mine”. At the same time she was looking into the deep and troubled eyes of the younger clergyman -Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. So she had to wear the letter A, which symb
3、olizes the shame, in front of her breast forever. Hester Prynne was sent to Boston by her scholar husband two years ago. Her husband planned to followed her, but the ship which her husband took was never been heard. Because of this, Hester Prynne was not hanged by the court. After Hester Prynne got
4、out of the jail, she lived on the outskirts of the town, within the verge of the peninsula alone. But unfortunately, she was recognized by her husband who was thought to be dead. But the husband did not expose her, because he did not want to back the shame with Hester Prynne. So he found her secretl
5、y to found the childs father. But Hester Prynne refused to tell him. So he found the father by himself. He turned into a doctor and be a friend of Reverend Arthur DimmesdaleAnd he discovered the secret in Dimmesdales heart step by step. When he found the childs father was Mr. Dimmesdale. He began hi
6、s revenge. The child was thought to be the other A which means shame. She was named Pearl, as being of great pricepurchased with all her mother hadher mothers only treasure! When she grows up, her character was lovely and admit defeated. And because of this, she was asked to leave her mother. Due to
7、 Hester Prynnes strongly opposed and Dimmesdales persuasion, she could stay with her mother. And Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, the clergyman, was young and promising, he was talkative. And he was found by the people. But after Hester Prynne was punished, he became weaker and weaker. When Hesters husba
8、nd found the A on his breast, and revenged him, he almost cannot bear it. Several years later, Dimmesdale went to the gallows in the sleepwalking. He shouted out the secret that he was the father of Pearl. At the same time, Hester and Pearl was passing there. Dimmesdale asked Hester and Pearl to sta
9、nd tighter in the gallows to atone their guilty.And though the years, Hester helped other people. Her A was not the symbol of shame. It was the symbol of good deeds.And though the years, Hesters husband became older and older, and revenge was the only business in his life. Hester decided to tell Dim
10、mesdale the doctor was her husband. They plan to escape to England after Dimmesdales speech. But at last, Dimmesdale chose to tell the people the truth that he was Pearl father. And his life came to the end. Because of his death, Hesters husbands life was meaningless and soon he died.My Immediate un
11、derstanding of the novel1 The puritan thoughts persecute the people. We all know that Puritanism requests people hard-working, cannot enjoy the life. People are born to atone the original sin. And their aim is pure the thoughts. So they cant bear any kind of enjoyment. So in their eyes, Hesters guil
12、ty of adultery cannot be forgiven. So she must be punished. But it was not sure whether her husband was dead or not, so she didnt be hung. She wears the letter A, which means shame, instead. Besides Hester punishment, we can see Puritanism in the whole book. For example, people must work hard, and c
13、annot enjoy any kind of enjoyment. 2 The letter A from adultery to angel. The letter A which means adultery worn by Hester was a punishment for Hester. But though Hesters help to others, its meaning has been changed into Angel. So we can see nothing is impossible. We can change many things through o
14、ur hard work.3 Pearl She was the live A for Hester. We can say she symbolized the adultery. Because she was the product of the adultery. But she was also the angel to Hester. She is the bases for Hester to live on. We can see it from chapter 6 and 8.So Pearl gave Hester the power to live on, at the
15、same time, she made Hester feel guilty. So though her, Hester worked hard to help others.Comments1. A literary criticism of the book “The Scarlet Letter“ by Nathaniel Hawthorne is presented. It explores the meaning of the scene in which a shipmaster gives a gold chain to the character Pearl. The aut
16、hor argues that the gold chain does not represent material wealth accumulated from the slave trade and offers another perspective: that the image of the gold chain was popular in the 17th and 18th centuries and that Hawthorne used the image to draw attention to themes of crime and lack of purity.Pea
17、rls Golden Chain in THE SCARLET LETTER.作者: Manheim, Daniel12. This article argues that Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter can provide insight into the persistent appeal of the moral and political certitudes that theocracy offers and that can serve as a corrective to liberal secularisms often my
18、opic tendency to downplay the continuing moral and political appeal of religious belief and authority. Focusing on three puzzles raised in the structure and narrative of The Scarlet Letter, the article explores Hawthornes consideration of theocracy as a foundation in the past, as an antidote to the
19、modern tendency toward materialism, and as a persistent alternative that deserves continued reflection. The Persistence of Theocracy: Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter.作者: Hunt, Constance C. T.3. The author discusses the novel “The Scarlet Letter,“ written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. According to the articl
20、e “The Scarlet Letter“ was written as a commentary of Great Britain in the 19th century. The Puritan turmoil of “The Scarlet Letter“ represents the political struggles England was having in the 1840s.“A“ for Atlantic: The Colonizing Force of Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter.作者: Doyle, Laura14. The arti
21、cle traces the history of the “Scarlet Letter“ and college publications in the Gilded Age and the development in the illustrated book industry. The “Scarlet Letter“ captured a historic moment of the student community in print and generated solidarity and pride among students and alumni. Steel engrav
22、ing, a variety of fonts and photochemical reproduction have decorated college yearbooks and the illustrated book industry in the U.S.BOOK HISTORY IN SCARLET LETTERS.作者: Lear, Bernadette A.5. The article deals with individualism as illustrated in the novel “The Scarlet Letter,“ by Nathaniel Hawthorne
23、. It states that the novel envisages individualism in terms of individual characters among the first generation colonists. These colonists consist of the men and women who participate in a hierarchical, authoritarian community that originates in a challenge to the authority and hierarchy of the Engl
24、ish church and crown and a challenge based on the private interpretation of the Sacred Scriptures. The romance in the novel is set among people who have fled England in order to re-establish society on a surer ground as it were.Individual and Community in The Scarlet Letter.作者: Young, R. V.6. Presen
25、ts comments on the Heraldic device used by Nathaniel Hawthorne in his The Scarlet Letter. Comments by R.B. Jenkins on the device used by Hawthorne to write the final sentence of the book; Theme of The Scarlet Letters.The Heraldic Device in The Scarlet Letter: Hawthornes Symbolical Use of the Past.作者
26、: Greenwood, Douglas7. 美国文艺复兴时期的著名作家纳撒尼尔霍桑深受清教意识、超验哲学和神秘主义三种思想的影响.他的作品往往十分隐晦, 表现出一种困惑、犹疑和彷徨的心态.红字最好地体现了他的创作思想和艺术特色.本文从探讨红字中的象征与原型入手, 重点剖析了红字“A” 、成年礼仪式和母亲主题的模糊的、矛盾的多重意义,指出作家在创作时的复杂情感和客观效果,并进一步揭示了这一现象的深刻思想根源和哲学内涵.红字中象征与原型的模糊性、多义性和矛盾性作者：任晓晋 魏玲 8. 与清教传统有着复杂关系的美国作家霍桑, 其代表作红字向来为国内众多读者及评论者解读为对清教伦理及其所源出的基督教
27、伦理的控诉和鞭挞.笔者对红字进行重新解读, 认为无论是从主题、人物刻画、叙事声音还是对清教社会的揭露都不能将该作品视为对基督教伦理的抨击,相反,作品中多处折射的恰恰是圣经所体现的基督教伦理核心:人的普遍罪性以及对这罪性的悲悯与救赎.罪与救赎:霍桑红字的基督教伦理解读作者：苏欲晓 Su Yuxiao 9. 纳撒尼尔霍桑于 1850 年出版的长篇小说以其丰富的隐义和微妙的表现手法引起了一个多世纪的关注与评论.小说中反复出现的“森林与荒野“意象被作者赋予了善恶对立的二元意义. 本文试图在分析这一意象象征意义的基础上,从美国殖民地时期的社会历史和文化传统两方面挖掘其“荒野“意象的原型, 并分析宗教意识
28、对它的深刻影响.论红字中荒野的象征与原型On the Symbol and Archetype of Wilderness in The Scarlet Letter作者： 刘国枝 郑庆庆 10. 纳撒尼尔 霍桑的是美国 19 世纪文学中的经典小说. 它的魅力主要体现在:小说结构匀称,人物性格丰满,反映时代文化语境,传承西方传统文化等.上述美学效果,皆由小说的女主人公海斯特白兰最终从欧洲回到美国的行为创造的.本文基于白兰的最后“ 回归“这一前提,从一个新视角展示小说艺术性和思想性完美结合的独特个性.惊奇的回归-红字中的海斯特 白兰形象解读The Return of Hester Prynne in The Scarlet Letter作者： 甘文平
