1、第十二讲词形变换类题型的几个考点一、可数名词单数变复数类1规则变化: （1）一般情况加-s, 如: girls, books, pens, bags, boys, days 等。（2）以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾加-es, 如: buses, boxes, watches, brushes（3）以 o 结尾的名词，无生命的名词多加-s，有生命的名词多加-es。（4）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词, 变 y 为 i 加-es, 如: city cities, storystories（5）以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变 f 或 fe 为 v 加-es。如: leafleaves, knife
2、knives, shelfshelves，wife wives 等。2不规则变化的名词要熟记：manmen, womanwomen, childchildren, footfeet，toothteeth, mousemice, peoplepeople, sheep sheep, ChineseChinese，JapaneseJapanese，deerdeer 二、动词/名词变形容词类1在动词后加后缀-ful 如：carecareful ，useuseful; thankthankful，helphelpful; wonderwonderful，forgetforgetful2在名词后加-y如
3、：lucklucky， cloudcloudy; windwindy， rainrainy; sunsunny, snowsnowynoise-noisy，healthhealthy3在名词后加-ly如：friendfriendly，lovelovely，daydaily4方位名词加-ern如：easteastern，westwestern southsouthern，northnorthern三、形容词加后缀变成名词1形容词加-ty 变成名词如：safesafety，difficultdifficulty 2形容词加-th 变成名词如：truetruth，warmwarmth，youngyo
4、uth 四、形容词变副词类形容词修饰名词、代词等作定语或表语；副词修饰动词、形容词或副词作状语。1一般形容词词尾加-ly 变成副词，如：slowslowly， clearclearly quickquickly， quietquietlycarefulcarefully， suddensuddenlyrealreally， politepolitelysafesafely， widewidely2以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，要变 y 为 i 加-ly如：easyeasily， happyhappilyheavyheavily， luckyluckilybusybusily， angryangri
5、ly; 3以元音字母e 结尾，去 e 加-ly如：truetruly4以辅音字母加-le 结尾，去 e 加-y如：terribleterribly possiblepossibly5形容词与副词同形如：fastfast，earlyearly，highhigh，hardhard6注意：hard 作形容词时意思是“困难的；硬的；生硬的”等；作副词时意思是“努力地” 。hardly 是否定副词，意思是“几乎不” 。五、动词变名词类1动词加-er 变成名词如：workworker farmfarmer teachteachersingsinger speakspeaker playplayerread
6、reader drivedriver writewriter riderider dancedancer runrunner winwinner cookcooker traveltraveler 2动词加-or 变成名词如：visitvisitor，inventinventor，conductconductor，act actor六、基数词变序数词类：主要掌握好 1-12 和 20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90 及 21、22、23 这几个序数词的形式：onefirst twentytwentiethtwo second thirty thirtieththreethird fo
7、rty fortiethfour fourth fifty fiftiethfive fifth sixty sixtieth six sixth seventy seventieth seven seventh eighty eightietheight eighth ninety ninetiethnineninth ten tenth eleven eleventh twelvetwelfthtwenty-one twenty-first twenty-two twenty-secondtwenty-three twenty-third七、形容词与副词的原级、比较级和最高级类1形容词和副
8、词的比较级、最高级构成部分双音节词或以形容词加-ly 变成的副词和多音节词，在其前加 more, most 变成比较级和最高级。如：interesting more interesting， most interestingbeautiful more beautiful， most beautifulslowly more slowly， most slowlyquickly more quickly， most quickly不规则变化：goodbetterbest wellbetterbestmanymoremost muchmoremost littlelessleast farfar
9、ther/further farthest/furthest ill worse worst bad/badly worse worstold older/elder oldest/eldest2原级： asadj./adv. as （肯定） “和 一样” ，not as / soadj./adv.as （否定）“和 不一样” “ 不如” 八、人称代词变化类：要熟练掌握和运用主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词及名词性物主代词。见下面表格：形容词性物主代词/名词性物主代词:单 数 复 数 类别人 称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称 my mine our ours第
10、二人称 your yours your yourshis hisher hers第三人称its itstheir theirs九、常见的反义词：单 数 复 数 格 人称 主格 宾格 主格 宾格第一人称 I me we us第二人称 you you you you第三人称he she it himherIt they they1动词buy sell take bringremember forget die livelove hate rise fallask answer start finish miss catch pull push go come end borrow2形容词little much short tall / longright left/wrongfree busy full empty few many good bad white black carefulcarelessdead living cheap expensive clean dirty easy difficult wet dry same differentopen closed strong weaklight heavy
