1、小升初英语语法总结 +练习题及答案1、人称代词主格：I we you she he it they宾格：me us you her him it them形容词性物主代词： my our your her his its their名词性物主代词：mine ours yours hers his its theirs一；用适当的代词填空。1.Is that car yours? Yes, it is _.2.How is Mr Li? _is fine, thanks.3.Put on_ hat! I am going to put it on.4.Who is that over here?
2、 It is_.5.The old man lives by _.6.I am sure I can do it all by _.7.Look,is this room beautiful? I painted it _.8.I d like goto for a walk. _ too.9.What are _jobs? They are students.10.We think to _.11.Mary is old enough to take care of _.12.It is perfume, I made it _.13.Look at _. She is very well.
3、14.Can you carry this box upstairs by _.15.You and she did very well in the test.The teacher said that he would praise _ and_.16.The story _was very good, but you are did not tell it well.17.Give Jane this watch. Give_ this one too.18.Sara is not pleased with _in this English test.19.Did you enjoy _
4、at the party yesterday?20.She wants to buy a car of _own.二：选择填空 .1.Mr. More has more money than Mr. Little . But he doesn t enjoy _.A. heB. himC. hisD. himself2. Lily was 9 years old. _ was old enough to go to school _.3. Jim s watch is much newer than _.A. hersB.sheC. herD. herself4.Would you like
5、_for super?A: something ChineseB： Chinese somethingC: anything ChineseD: Chinese anything5._ piano is too old ,but she still liked playing it.A. SheB. She sC. HersD. Her6.Who taught you English last year?Nobody taught me . I taught _.A. meB. myselfC. mineD. I7.That bike is _?AheB. himC. hisD. it8. W
6、e bought _ a present, but _ didn ” t like it.A. they, themB. them , theyC. themselves , theirD. theirs, they答案：1. mine2. he3. your4. her5. here6. myself7. myself8. me9. those10. ourselves11. herself12. myself13. her14. yourself15. you, her16. you made17. her18. her results19. yourself20. her1. D2. B
7、3. A4. C5. D6. B7. C8. B2.形容词和副词的比较级(1) 一般在形容词或副词后 +erolder taller longer stronger, etc(2) 多音节词前 +moremore interesting, etc.(3) 双写最后一个字母，再 +erbigger fatter, etc.(4) 把 y 变 i，再 +erheavier, earlier(5) 不规则变化：well-better, much/many-more, etc.3.可数词的复数形式一、名词复数规则1一般情况下，直接加 -s，如： book-books, bag-bags, cat-ca
8、ts, bed-beds2以 s. x. sh. ch结尾，加 -es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以 “辅音字母 +y”结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加 -es，如： family-families,strawberry-strawberries4以 “f或 fe ”结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加 -es，如： knife-knives5不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechi
9、ld-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese写出下列各词的复数I _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _man_ woman_ paper_juice_water_ milk_ rice_ tea_4.不可数名词 (单复数形式不变
10、)bread, rice, water ,juice etc.5. 缩略形式I m = I am you re = you are she s = sheis is he s = heit s = it is who s =who is can t =can not isn t=is not etc6 冠词冠词的定义冠词是置于名词之前，对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。冠词的分类冠词分为不定冠词 a，an、定冠词 the 和零冠词三种，零冠词指的是不用冠词的情况。不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指。不定冠词的用法 -1不定冠词有 a 和 an两种形
11、式。 a 用在以辅音开头的词前， an用在以元音开头的词前。判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头，是根据读音而不是根据字母。1. 用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示 一 There is a tiger in the zoo.动物园里有一只老虎。2. 表示一类人和东西A tiger can be dangerous.老虎可能有危害性。3. 表示 某一个 的意思A gentleman wants to see you.有一位先生要见你。4. 表示 同一 的意思They are nearly of an age.他们几乎同岁。The two shirts are much of a size.这两件衬
12、衫大小差不多。5. 表示 每一 的意思We go swimming four times a week.我们每周去游泳四次。6. 用在作表语的单数可数名词前，表示身份、职业My mother is a teacher.我妈妈是教师。7. 第一次提到的人或事物，但不特别指明是哪一个Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter.很久很久以前，有一个年老的国王，他有一个非常美丽的女儿。8. 在英国英语中， 以h 开头的多音节词， 如第一个音节不重读， 其前亦可用 an There is an hotel n
13、ear here.这附近有一家旅馆。9. 在 such a，quite a 句式中He is quite a good actor.他是一个相当好的演员。Dont be in such a hurry.不要如此匆忙。10. 在感叹句 what.的句式中What a pretty girl she is!她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀！不定冠词的用法 -2用在某些表示数量的词组中：a lot of 许多a couple of 一对a great many 很多a dozen 一打（但也可以用 a great deal of 大量one dozen）定冠词的用法-11. 用以特指某（些）人或某（些）事物
14、This is the house where Luxun once lived.这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。2. 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物Open the door, please.请把门打开。3. 用以复述上文提过的人或事物 （第一次提到用 “a或 an”，以后再次提到用 “ the）”Once there lived a lion in the forest. Every day the lion asked small animals tolook for food for him.从前森林里住着一只狮子。每天这只狮子要小动物们为他寻找食物。4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前Jan
15、uary is the first month of the year.一月份是一年当中的第一个月。Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。5. 表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物 the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮the earth 地球 the sky 天空the world 世界6. 指由普通名词构成的专有名词the West Lake 西湖 the Great Wall 长城the United States 美国 the United Nations 联合国定冠词的用法 -27. 表示方向、方位in the east 在
16、东方in the west 在西方in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面in the bottom 在底部at the top 在顶部on the right 在右边on the left 在左边8. 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前the Pacific Ocean 太平洋the Huanghe River 黄河the Tainshan Mountains 天山山脉the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡9. 在姓氏复数前，表示一家人The Bakers came to see me yesterday.贝克一家人昨天来看我。10. 和某些形容
17、词连用，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物 the poor 穷人 the rich 富人the sick 病人 the wounded 伤员the good 好人 the beautiful 美丽的事物11. 用在表示阶级、政党的名词前the working class 工人阶级the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党12. 用在 the very 强调句中This is the very book I want.这就是我想要的那本书。13. 在 the more, the more比较级的句式中The more you drink, the more you like
18、 it.你越喝就越爱喝。14. 表示演奏乐器时，乐器的前面要加 the play the piano 弹钢琴play the violin 拉小提琴15. 某些固定的表达法in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影 go to the theatre 去看戏 all the year round 一年到头 on the way to 前往 .去的路上16. the 加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物The horse is a useful animal.马是一种有用的动物。注
19、意：像这类句子还有如下两种写法A horse is a useful animal.Horses are useful animals.零冠词的用法1. 专有名词前一般不加冠词China 中国 Europe 欧洲Lei Feng 雷锋 William Shakespeare 威廉 莎士比亚2. 月份、周日、节日前一般不加冠词January 一月份Sunday 星期日Christmas Day 圣诞节 Thanksgiving 感恩节National Day 国庆节May Day 劳动节比较：.on a Sunday morning.在一个星期天的早晨 . （表示某一个。）3.三餐、四季前一般不
20、加冠词I have lunch at school.我在学校吃午餐。Summer is the best season for swimming.夏天是游泳的好季节。比较：I had a big lunch yesterday.昨天我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。（表示某一个）The dinner given by Mr Smith was very nice.史密斯先生款待的晚宴真是美味。（表示特指）比较：I will never forget the summer we spent in Hawaii.我永远不会忘记我们一起在夏威夷度过的那个夏天。（表示特指）4.进行球类运动play basketb
21、all 打篮球 play volleyball打排球play football 踢足球5. 没有特指的物质名词This cart is made of wood.这辆手推车是用木头作的。比较：The wood outside was all wet.外面的那些木头都湿了。（表示特指）6. 没有特指的不可数抽象名词Time is precious.时间是宝贵的。比较：The time of the play was 1990s.这个剧本的时代背景是二十世纪九十年代。（表示特指）7. 没有特指的可数名词复数形式后。I like tomatoes.我喜欢西红柿。8. 山峰Mount Qomolang
22、ma 珠穆朗玛峰9. 固定词组go to school 去上学go to bed 上床睡觉go by train 乘火车去go by boat 乘船去at table 在用餐 in hospital 住院at school 求学 in school 求学at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上at midnight 在半夜in town 在城里10. 独立结构中的名词不加冠词A boy came in, book in hand.一个男孩进来，手上拿着书。11. 泛指人类Man is mortal.人必有一死。12. 在kind of 名词sort of名词 句式中What kind
23、of flower is it?这是什么花？I like this sort of book.我喜欢这种书。13. 指职位、头衔的词，如 king， captain， president，chairman 等。 He is (the) captain of the team.他是球队的队长。As (the) chairman of the committee, I declare the meeting open.作为委员会主席，我宣布会议开始。冠词和三餐的搭配三餐名词单独使用时，之前通常不加冠词三餐名词之前若加形容词时则除外：We have breakfast at eight我们 8 点钟
24、吃早饭。He gave us a good breakfast他请我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。I was invited to dinner他们邀请我吃饭。I was invited to a dinner given to welcome the new ambassador我被邀请参加欢迎新任大使的宴会。The Scots have porridge for breakfast苏格兰人早餐吃粥。The wedding breakfast was held in her father s house婚礼早宴是在她父亲家举行的。介词短语与冠词一 .at table 在进餐at the table
25、在桌子旁边at desk 在读书at the desk 在课桌旁at school 在上学at the school 在学校里in class 在上课in the class 在班级里面in bed 卧床in the bed 在床上in prison 坐牢in the prison （因事）在监狱in hospital 住院in the hospital （因事）在医院go to school 去上学go to the school （因事）去学校go to bed 上床睡觉go to the bed 在床上go to hospital 去看病go to the hospital 去医院二 .
26、take place 发生take the place 代替in place of 代替in the place of 在 .的地方in case of 万一in the case of 就.来说out of question 毫无疑问out of the question 完全不可能通常使用不定冠词的短语after a while 过了一会儿all of a sudden 突然as a rule 通常as a result 结果，因此as a matter of fact 事实上as a whole 大体上at a loss 不知所措in a hurry 急忙in a way 在某种程度上i
27、n a word 总而言之It s a pity that 令人遗憾的是 put an end to结束 come to an end 结束come to a conclusion 得出结论have a good time 玩得愉快have a rest 休息一下have a cold 感冒have a word with 和 谈一谈keep an eye for 对 有鉴赏力make a living 谋生make a fire 生火make a fool of 愚弄take a walk 散步2. 冠词的练习Choose the best answer（选择最佳答案） :1. There
28、is _ house in the picture. There is _old woman near_house.A. an; a; the B. a; an ; the C. the ; a; an D. a; the; an2. He has already worked for _ hour.A. the B. an C. a D. 不填3. Alice is fond of playing _ piano. A. the B. an C. a D. 不填4. Beyond _ stars, the astronaut saw nothing but _space.A. 不填； the
29、 B. the ; the C. 不填，不填D. the; 不填5. _ terrible weather weve been having these days! A. How a B. What a C. How D. What6.- Where is Jack? - I think he is still in _ bed, but he might just be in_bathroom.A. 不填；不填B. the; the C. the;不填 D. 不填 ; the7.When do you have _breakfast every day?A. a B. an C. the D
30、. 不填8. Many people are still in _ habit of writing silly things in _public places. A. the ; 不填 B. 不填 ; the C. the ; the D. 不填 ; 不填二精讲精练：不熟练的语法点的回顾代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。代词可分以下九类：1.人称代词主格（在句中作主语）有：I , you, he, she, it, we, you, they宾格（在句中作宾语）有：me, you, him, her, it, us, you , them2. 物主代词形容词性的物主代词（
31、作定语）有：my, your, his , her, its,our, your ,their名词性的物主代词（作主语、表语，宾语）有：mine, yours, his, hers, its,ours, yours, theirs3. 反身代词（自身代词）有 myself, herself, themselves等。4. 相互代词有： each other, one another5. 提示代词有： this , that , these , those , those6.疑问代词（用来引导特殊疑问句）有who, what, whose 等。7.关系代词（用来引导定语从句）有which, th
32、at, who 等。8.连接代词（用来引导名词性从句）有： what, who, whose等。9.不定代词 有:all, each, both, either, neither, one, any等。10. 不定代词 指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。下面列出部分不定代词的用法比较：1.both 和 all ： both 指两者， all 指三者以上。Both of the answers are right两.个答案都对。All the answers are correct. 所有的答案都对。2.every 和 each： every 指至少三个， 强调共性， each 可
33、指小到两个，强调个体。Every room is clean and tidy. 每一个房间都很整洁。Each student may try twice. 每个学生可以试两次。3.either 和 neither 都是谈两个人或物：Either of the answers is right. 两个答案都对。（ either 指两者当中任意一个）Neither of the answers is right两.个答案都不对。（ neither 指两者都不是）4. some 和 any some 一般用于肯定句中，而 any 用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中：Are there any stamp
34、s in the drawer?抽屉里有邮票吗？Yes, there are some.是的，有一些。 注意，当某些疑问句表示请求、 建议等肯定意义时， 用 some 不用 any: Would you like some tea? 想喝点茶吗？5. no one 和 none : no one 仅指人， none 可指人或物。No one failed in the examination. 考试没有人不及格。None of the students failed in the examination. 没有一个学生考试不及格。-Have you any string?你有绳子吗？-No,
35、I have none.没有。代词的练习一 .填空1. This bike is my sisters. It belongs to _ 她(的 )。2. This isnt my book. _(我的 ) is in the bag.3. They quarrelled among（他们） .4. You and I understand _彼(此 ) perfectly.5. If there are _（一些） new magazines in the library, take some for me.二单项选择1. _ writer is better know in China,
36、Charles Dickens or Mark Twain? A. Which B. What C. Either D. Whether2. They were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to have a rest. A. any B. some C. none D. neither3. Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of _.A. their B. theirs C. them D. themselves4. -Is _ here? - No, Bob and Ti
37、m have asked for leave.A. anybody B. Somebody C. everybody D. nobody5. We couldnt eat in a restaurant because _ of us had _ money on us. A. all; no B. any; no C. none; any C. no one ; any【参考答案】一填空： 1.her 2.mine 3.themselves 4. each other 5. any二单项选择： 1.A 2.C 3. B 4. C 5.C6. a/ana book, a peachan egg
38、 an hour7. Preposition:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind. 表示时间： at six o clock, at Christmas, at breakfast on Monday on 15th July On National Dayin the evening in December in winter8. 基数词和序数词one first two-second twenty-twentieth9. Some /anyI have some toys in my bedroom
39、.Do you have any brothers or sisters?10. be 动词(1) Basic form: am/are/is(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.My eyes are(not) small.My hair is(not) long.（ 3）一般疑问句：Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you arent.Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren t.Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn t.11. there be 结构肯定句：There is aThere are一般疑问句 :Is there? Yes, there is./ No, there isnAre there ? Yes, there are. /No, there aren否定句：There isn t. There arent . t.t.12. 祈使句Sit down pleaseDon sit down, please.
