1、第三章 代替与省略 SUBSTITUTIONAND OMISSION,-Dee,英语中，为了避免不必要的重复，经常用so, not, to, do, does 代替前面出现的动词或相关内容。 如：He translated the article better than I did. (did代替wrote it) Doyou think she isclever? I think so. (so代替 she is clever),(1) 从上两例中看出，do / does / did 代替动词。 (2) so 与 not 代替某个词、短语、句子等，通常用于hope, think, belie
2、ve, expect, suppose, be afraid, fear, imagine, etc后作宾语。 E.g. Is it correct? Im afraid not. (not correct) (3) to 用作不定式，常跟随下列动词：want, mean, hope, expect, refuse, seem, intend, be, afraid, etc. E.g. I asked him to go to the party, but he refused to. (go to the party) (4) do so, do that, do it 用来代替动态动词，
3、而不能代静态动词。 Eg. He gave up studying English. Why did he do so? (= give up studying English) The dish tastes nice. Yes, so it does. (tastes nice) (此句不能用it does it 或 it does so, 因taste属静态动词。） (5) 为使语言精炼，避免不必要的重复，对话中常用省略形式。 E.g. He is thinking of buying a car? Is he?（这里，“thinking of buying a car”被省略了。） W
4、ill he come back in time? Perhaps.（省略了he will come back in time.),测试精编,I选择正确答案： 1. Shall I wake you up tomorrow? Yes, _ . A. please do B. you shall C. you will D. you may 2. I think records are often _ an actual performance. A. as good as or better than B. as good or better than C. like good or bett
5、er than D. as good as any other 3. If he doesnt come to work, he may be fired. Surely he isnt so foolish _ not to realize that. A. so B. and C. but D. as,A,A,D,4. Dont you think Alans health has beenruined by smoking? Yes, he told me _ himself. A. the fact B. this thing C. It D. so 5. Will you go ho
6、me tomorrowevening? No, Im going to a lecture, or at least, Im planning _ . A. on B. to C. so D. It 6. I slipped on the stairs, I think my arm is broken. Oh! I _ . A. do not hope so B. do not hope C. hope not so D. hope not,D,B,D,7. California relies mainly on income from fruit crops, and _ . A. Flo
7、rida also B. Florida too C. Florida is as well D. so does Florida 8. Have you been here long? _ . A. No, not very B. Not much C. Yes, only little D. No, only yesterday,D,A,9. You look happy today, Mary. I like my new dress and mother _, too. A. does B. likes C. is D. do 10. So you are lost, little b
8、oy. Why didnt you hang on to your mothers skirt? _, but I couldnt reach it. A. I hanged to B. I did to C. I didnt hang to D. I tried to,A,D,第四章 倒 装 INVERSION,根据语法要求，把谓语动词置于主语前，称为完全倒装，把助动词或情态动词置于主语前，称为部分倒装。,1副词如：in, out, down, there, here, off, over, away, etc. 句子倒装。（完全倒装，但主语不能是代词） Down jumped the mu
9、rderer from the tenth floor. In came Miss Green. （特别注意：当主语是人称代词时不倒装。） Away she went!（她走了！） Here you are!（你在这儿！）,2only + 副词（介词短语）位于句首，句子要倒装。 Only then did he realize that he was mistaken. Only by working hard can we succeed in doing anything. 3well, so, often, such, few, little 放于句首，句子形成倒装。 So fine w
10、as the weather that we all went out lying in the sun. Well did I know him and well did he know me.,4否定词或具有否定意义的词及词组用在句首时，句子须倒装。此类词有： neither，nor，hardly，scarcely， rarely，seldom，not，never，not only，barely，at no time，nowhere等。 e.g. Jack could not swim. Neither could Tom. Never have I seen such a good mo
11、vie.,5as引导让步状语从句，须倒装。（准确地说，是将需要强调的词提到as的前面。） Rich as he is, he spends a cent on charity. Try as he does, he never seems able to do the work beautifully. 6在表示祝愿的句子中。 May you make greater progress! （愿你取得更大进步！）,7在虚拟条件句中，连词if省略时，句型要倒装，即将were, had, should等词提到句首。 Were I you, I would go abroad to take adva
12、nced study. 我要是你，就出国进修了。 Should he come tomorrow, he would help us to settle the problem. 他要是明天来的话，他会帮我们解决这个问题的。 8百分特例重点： Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want. （NCE Book III Lesson 26） 尽管我们为自己的绝好鉴赏力感到自豪，但我们已经无法自由地选择我们所需要的东西了。,测试精编,I选择正确
13、选项： 1. Not until the mid-nineteenth-century discovery of vast deposits of borates in the Majave Desert _ relatively common. A. borax became B. did borax become C. and borax become D. boraxs becoming,B,2. _ received law degrees as today. A. Never so many women have B. Never have so many women C. The
14、women arent ever D. Women who have never 3. _ the Bobs belongings that he carried them in a bundle slung over his shoulders. A. Were so few B. Few were so C. So few were D. They were so few,B,C,4. Only after a baby seal is pushed into the sea by its mother _ to swim. A. how will it learn B. will it
15、learn how C. it will learn how D. and it learns how 5. Not only _ a promise, but he also kept it. A. did he made B. he made C. did he make D. he makes,B,C,6. Nowhere in the world _ . A. travelers can buy so much beauty for so little as in Hawaii. B. no one can buy so much beauty for so little money
16、as Hawaii. C. so much beauty can be bought for so little money in Hawaii. D. can travelers buy so much beauty for so little money as in Hawaii.,D,7. No sooner _ gone home than it began to rain heavily. A. had I B. have I C. I had D. I have 8. Not for a moment _ the truth of your story. A. he has dou
17、bted B. he doubts C. did he doubt D. he did doubt,A,C,9. _ succeed in doing anything. A. Only by working hard we can B. By only working hard we can C. Only by working hard can we D. Only we can work hard,C,10. Never before in similar circumstances _ . A. a British Prime Minister had refused to step down. B. did a British Prime Minister have refused to step down. C. a British Prime Minister did have refused to step down. D. had a British Prime Minister refused to step down.,D,
