1、探究暖宝宝中的化学原理(预习报告)王兆宁（ID 2011302290091）武汉大学生命科学学院 11级生物学基地二班一 背景信息Heat PadMain Ingredient: Iron powder, wood powder, active carbon, water, salt, vermiculite, etc.Characteristics: It becomes hot as soon as being turned on, applying to detumescence, acesodyne, activating blood circulation and recoverin
2、g bruise effectively. It relieves the pain with the warm and comfortable temperature.Applications:(1) Cure pain, anaesthesia and tumidity caused by rheumatism, arthritis, acne, job injury, etc.(2) Cure gastroenterological disease, diarrhea, stomach ache, etc.(3) Cure dysmenorrheal, abdomen recovery,
3、 etc.(4) Activate blood circulation and recover bruise in wound treatment.(5) Warm up in skiing, fishing, hunting, outing, field work.(6) Warm up in the cold room.(7) Warm up in massage.Instructions: Take out the internal product by tearing up the package. Take off the protective tissue and apply it
4、 on the underwear where the body part needs warming up. After it, take off it from the underwear and throw it into the trash bin.Storage: Put the product in a dry and dark place. The quality guarantee period is for 3 year.Attentions: Keep it from the reach of children. It should not be applied direc
5、tly on the skin. The one with broken package should not be used. It should not be applied in sleep. It should not be applied in quilt, or used together with other heating facilities, for it becomes very hot then. It should not be applied on the same body part for a long time. It should be taken off
6、at once when any abnormality is found out.The eye should be rinsed with lots of water, if it contacts the eye. If the eye still feels uncomfortable, a doctor should be asked for treatment. People with diabetes or sensitive skin, children, pregnant women, the disabled should be careful in using it.(C
7、ited from http:/ from http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermiculite)GeneralCategoryPhyllosilicateChemical formula(Mg,Fe,Al)3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)24H2OIdentificationColorColorless, white, yellow, green, brownCrystal habitClay, scaly, aggregate, rarely as pseudohexagonal crystal platesFractureUnevenTenacityPliabl
8、eMohs scale hardness1.5-2LusterDull to pearly, bronzyStreakGreenish whiteDiaphaneityTranslucentSpecific gravity2.2-2.6Optical propertiesBiaxial (-)Refractive indexn = 1.525 - 1.561 n = 1.545 - 1.581 n = 1.545 - 1.581Birefringence = 0.020PleochroismX in paler shades than Y and Z暖宝宝的发热原理“暖宝宝”是利用铁氧化反应放
9、热来发热。实际上也就是根据铁在潮湿空气中发生吸氧腐蚀的原理。同时利用活性炭的强吸附性，在活性炭的疏松结构中储有水蒸气，水蒸气液化成水滴，流出与空气和铁粉接触，在氯化钠的催化作用下较为迅速的发生反应生成氢氧化铁，放出热量。 铁在自然条件下的氧化反应速度是缓慢的，若能加快这种反应，如设法加大铁的表面积，使用水，食盐和活性炭形成原电池来促进反应，就可以得到发热袋所需的温度，成为发热袋的热源。 电池反应式：负极：Fe-2e-=Fe2+ 正极：O2 + 2H2O + 4e-=4OH- 总反应：2Fe + O2 + 2H2O=2Fe(OH)2 4Fe(OH)2 + 2H2O + O2=4Fe(OH)3 2
10、Fe(OH)3 = Fe2O3+3H2O来源：中国知网二 实验部分1.实验仪器:原电池反应槽,碳棒,铁棒,导线,灵敏电流表,铁丝,酒精灯.所用试剂:NaCl固体(A.R.),无水硫酸铜(或五水合硫酸铜)(A.R.),6mol/L盐酸, AgNO3溶液, KSCN溶液，镁试剂，铝试剂(或茜素磺酸钠溶液),2mol/L NaOH溶液, NH4Cl溶液, HAc溶液，NH4Ac溶液，澄清石灰水.2.原理探究将碳棒和铁棒平行插入盛有0.1mol/L NaCl溶液的原电池反应槽中,将两极用导线连接到灵敏电流表上,观察实验现象.(电流表是否偏转?两极各有什么现象?)3.成分探究3.1水的检验:取未开封的暖
11、宝宝中的固体粉末适量,置于蒸发皿中,再放入一些无水CuSO4,盖上表面皿,稍稍加热,观察现象.(另设置一组对照,避免空气中的水蒸气对结果的干扰.无水硫酸铜是否变蓝?若没有无水硫酸铜可先用五水合硫酸铜制备.)3.2 样品的预处理及食盐的检验:取暖宝宝中的固体粉末于250mL烧杯,加入100mL水溶解之.过滤,将滤液分为两份,一份加入AgNO3溶液,观察现象.(是否生成白色沉淀?再加入硝酸,有何现象?)用洁净的铁丝(用稀盐酸洗涤并烤干,反复操作至没有焰色)沾取另一份溶液,用酒精灯灼烧,观察现象.(焰色是否为黄色?)3.3 铁、镁、铝的检验:将上步所得滤渣溶于6mol/L盐酸,充分搅拌后过滤.(滤液
12、颜色?)将滤液分成三份.向第一份中加入KSCN溶液,观察现象.(溶液是否变血红色?若不变血红色,加入少量氯水或双氧水,是否变色?)向第二份中滴加2mol/L NaOH溶液至不再有沉淀产生,离心,弃沉淀,向清液中加入镁试剂,观察现象.(是否生成蓝色沉淀?)向第三份溶液中加入过量2mol/L NaOH溶液,离心并弃去沉淀,向清液中加入铝试剂,观察现象.(是否出现红色沉淀?若没有铝试剂,则加入NH4Cl溶液至产生大量白色沉淀,加几滴HAc-NH4Ac作为缓冲溶液,再加入茜素S溶液摇匀.是否出现红色沉淀?)3.4 碳的检验:取3.3中第一次过滤的滤渣，加入过量氢氧化钠溶液，过滤，将滤渣烘干并灼烧，灼烧时在蒸发皿上放倒置一个内壁沾有澄清石灰水的烧杯，观察现象。(澄清石灰水是否变浑浊?)3.5 硅的检验:取3.4中的滤液,滴加盐酸,观察现象.(是否生成白色沉淀?)
