1、Special Engineering EnglishProf., Dr.zixin zhang岩土工程 Part 1 General words岩土工程 Geotechnical engineering基础工程 Foundation engineering 土 soil ,earth土力学 soil mechanics 周期荷载 cyclic loading 卸载再加载 reloading粘弹性地基 viscoelastic foundation 粘滞阻尼 viscous damping 剪切模量 shear modulus 土动力学 soil dynamics 应力路径 stress pa
2、th Part 2 Types of soil残积土 residual soil 地下水 groundwater 地下水位 groundwater level /groundwater table 粘土矿物 clay minerals 次生矿物 secondary minerals 滑坡 landslide 钻孔柱状图 bore hole columnar section 工程地质勘察 engineering geologic investigation 漂石 boulder 卵石 cobble 砂石gravel 砾砂 gravelly sand 粗砂 coarse sand 中砂 mediu
3、m sand 细砂 fine sand 粉土 silty sand 粘性土 clayey soil 粘土clay 粉质粘土 silty clay 砂质粉土 sandy silt 粘质粉土 clayey silt 饱和土 saturated soil 非饱和土 unsaturated soil 填土 filled soil Part 3Permeability and seepage达西定律 Darcys law 管涌 piping 流土 flowing soil 砂沸 sand boiling 流网 flow net 渗流 seepage 渗漏 leakage 渗透压力 seepage (fo
4、rce) pressure 渗透性 permeability 水力梯度 hydraulic gradient 渗透系数 coefficient of permeability Part 4 Deformation and stress of foundation软土 soft soil 打入桩（负）摩阻力 (negative) skin friction of driven pile 有效应力 effective stress 总应力 total stress 十字板抗剪强度 field vane shear strength 低活性 low activity 灵敏度 sensitivity
5、三轴试验 triaxial test 基础设计 foundation design 再压缩 recompaction 承载力 bearing capacity 土体 soil mass 接触压力 contact pressure 集中荷载 concentrated load 半无限弹性体 a semi-infinite elastic solid 均质 homogeneous 各向同性 isotropic 条基 strip footing 方形独立基础 square spread footing 下卧层（土） underlying soil (stratum ,strata) 恒载/静载 de
6、ad load 持续荷载 sustained load 活载 live load 短期瞬时荷载 short term transient load 长期荷载 long-term transient load 折算荷载 reduced load 沉降 settlement 变形 deformation 套管 casing 堤（防） dike=dyke 粘粒粒组 clay fraction 物理性质 physical properties 路基 subgrade 级配良好土 well-graded soil 级配不良土 poorly-graded soil 筛子sieve 摩尔-库仑破坏条件 Mo
7、hr-Coulomb failure condition 有限元法 FEM=finite element method 极限平衡法 limit equilibrium method 孔隙水压力 pore water pressure 先期固结压力 preconsolidation pressure 压缩模量 modulus of compressibility 压缩系数 coefficent of compressibility 压缩指数 compression index 回弹指数 swelling index 自重应力 geostatic stress 附加应力 additional st
8、ress 最终沉降 final settlement 滑移线 slip line Part 5 Excavation and dewatering of foundation开挖 excavation 降水 dewatering 基坑失稳 failure of foundation 基坑围护 bracing of foundation pit （基坑）底隆起 bottom heave=basal heave 挡土墙 retaining wall 孔压分布 pore-pressure distribution 降低地下水位法 dewatering method 井点系统 well point s
9、ystem 深井点 deep well point 真空井点 vacuum well point 支撑围护 braced cuts 支撑开挖 braced excavation 支撑挡板 braced sheeting Writing a short paragraph by following special words (at least 100 words)Underground space, transportation system, cross section , sport centers, sewage water plants, garages, heat storages,
10、 storages for food or hydrocarbons , radioactive waste ,lining systemExampleUnderground space is most often thought of as a part of a transportation system, such as railway or road tunnels, having atypical cross section of some 50 to100 m2 (single or double lanes). However, a number of other applica
11、tions for underground space have been developed, such as sport centers, sewage water plants, garages, heat storages, storages for food or hydrocarbons etc. Other applications are under development, such as repository concept for high radioactive waste. This paper will present some of the applications developed and constructed but emphasize on underground hydrocarbon storages. The developed techniques are based on either storage in gas phase at high pressures or in liquid state at extremely low temperatures. Both systems require a lining system.
